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Copyright Clarity: Using Copyrighted Materials for Digital Learning,[object Object],Renee HobbsTemple UniversityMedia Education LabSchool of Communications & TheaterPhiladelphia PA,[object Object],http://mediaeducationlab.com/copyright,[object Object]
PEER-TO-PEER FILE SHARING,[object Object],Goals for Today’s Session,[object Object],Why creative people value copyright law,[object Object],When you (and your students) can use copyrighted materials without payment or permission under some circumstances,[object Object],When you (and your students) should ask permission or pay a license fee to use copyrighted materials,[object Object],How codes of best practice help people become more confident in understanding and using the doctrine of fair use,[object Object],How the law adapts to changes in society and changes in technology,[object Object]
Media Literacy,[object Object],Critical thinking about media & technology,[object Object],+ ,[object Object],Composing using media & technology,[object Object],For what purpose? ,[object Object],To build critical thinking and communication skills,[object Object],Critical Thinking, Reflection & Ethics,[object Object],Using Technology Tools Well,[object Object],Self-Expression & Creativity,[object Object],Teamwork & Collaboration,[object Object]
Supported with a grant from the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation,[object Object]
What is the purpose of ,[object Object]
To promote creativity, innovation and the spread of knowledge,[object Object],Article 1 Section 8,[object Object],U.S. Constitution,[object Object]
Technology makes it easy to:,[object Object],[object Object]
Copy
Modify & Repurpose
Excerpt & Quote From
Distribute,[object Object]
Limit
Charge high fees
Discourage use
Use scare tactics,[object Object]
Problem:,[object Object],Educational Use Guidelines are Confusing!,[object Object],NEGOTIATED AGREEMENTS BETWEEN MEDIA COMPANIES  AND EDUCATIONAL GROUPS,[object Object],Agreement on Guidelines for Classroom Copying in Not-for-Profit Educational Institutions,[object Object],Fair Use Guidelines for Educational Multimedia,[object Object],Guidelines for the Educational Use of Music,[object Object]
The documents created by these negotiated agreements give them “the appearance of positive law. These qualities are merely illusory, and consequently the guidelines have had a seriously detrimental effect. They interfere with an actual understanding of the law and erode confidence in the law as created by Congress and the courts”,[object Object],										--Kenneth Crews, 2001,[object Object],Educational Use Guidelinesare NOT the Law!,[object Object]
It’s time to replace old knowledge,[object Object],with,[object Object],accurate knowledge,[object Object]
EVERYTHING ,[object Object],IS COPYRIGHTED,[object Object],Any work of expression in fixed or tangible form,[object Object]
Creative Control,[object Object],The Copyright Act grants five rights to a copyright owner:,[object Object],1. the right to reproduce the copyrighted work; ,[object Object],2. the right to prepare derivative works based upon the work; ,[object Object],3. the right to distribute copies of the work to the public; ,[object Object],4. the right to perform the copyrighted work publicly; and ,[object Object],5. the right to display the copyrighted work publicly. ,[object Object]
Owners May Control Copyright through the Licensing Process,[object Object]
LOVE,[object Object],HATE,[object Object],Copyright law enables people to control the creative works ,[object Object],they produce,[object Object]
LOVE,[object Object],HATE,[object Object],Violating Copyright Can Be Expensive,[object Object],The Copyright holder may receive statutory damages for all infringements involved in the action… not less than $750 or more than $30,000 as the court considers just. [...] ,[object Object],When infringement was committed willfully, the court in its discretion may increase the award of statutory damages to a sum of not more than $150,000." ,[object Object]
EVERYTHING ,[object Object],IS COPYRIGHTED,[object Object],..but there are exemptions,[object Object]
						--Section 107,[object Object],					Copyright Act of 1976,[object Object],The Doctrine of Fair Use,[object Object],For purposes such as ,[object Object],criticism, comment, ,[object Object],news reporting, teaching (including multiple copies for classroom use), ,[object Object],scholarship or research,[object Object]
The Doctrine of Fair Use,[object Object],“It not only allows but encourages socially beneficial uses of copyrighted works such as teaching, learning, and scholarship. Without fair use, those beneficial uses— quoting from copyrighted works, providing multiple copies to students in class, creating new knowledge based on previously published knowledge—would be infringements. Fair use is the means for assuring a robust and vigorous exchange of copyrighted information.”,[object Object],--Carrie Russell, American Library Association,[object Object]
Copyright Clarity: Using Copyrighted Materials for Digital Learning
Bill Graham Archives vs. Dorling Kindersley, Ltd. (2006),[object Object]
An Example of Transformative Use,[object Object],	The purpose of the original: To generate publicity for a concert.,[object Object],The purpose of the new work: To document and illustrate the concert events in historical context.,[object Object]
Is Your Use of Copyrighted Materials a Fair Use?,[object Object],Did the unlicensed use “transform” the material taken from the copyrighted work by using it for a different purpose than that of the original, or did it just repeat the work for the same intent and value as the original?,[object Object],Was the material taken appropriate in kind and amount, considering the nature of the copyrighted work and of the use?,[object Object]
Exercising Your Fair Use ReasoningInvolves Critical Thinking,[object Object]
Copyright Clarity: Using Copyrighted Materials for Digital Learning
Reflects the “best practices” of educators who use copyrighted material to build critical thinking and communication skills,[object Object]
Copyright Clarity: Using Copyrighted Materials for Digital Learning
Five Principles Code of Best Practices in Fair Use ,[object Object],Educators can:,[object Object],make copies of newspaper articles, TV shows, and other copyrighted works and use them and keep them for educational use,[object Object],create curriculum materials and scholarship with copyrighted materials embedded,[object Object],share, sell and distribute curriculum materials with copyrighted materials embedded  ,[object Object],Learners can:,[object Object],use copyrighted works in creating new material  ,[object Object],distribute their works digitally if they meet the transformativeness standard,[object Object]
Organizations Supporting the Code of Best Practices,[object Object],Association of College and Research Libraries (ACRL),[object Object],National Association for Media Literacy Education (NAMLE),[object Object],Action Coalition for Media Education (ACME),[object Object],National Council of Teachers Of English (NCTE),[object Object],Visual Studies Division,[object Object],International Communication Association (ICA),[object Object]
Educators Can Rely on Fair Use  ,[object Object],National Council of Teachers of English (NCTE) has adopted the “Code of Best Practices in Fair Use for Media Literacy  Education” as its official policy on fair use,[object Object]
Video Case Studies ,[object Object],Elementary School Case Study:,[object Object],P.S. 124 The Silas B. Dutcher School,[object Object],Brooklyn, NY,[object Object],High School Case Study:,[object Object],Upper Merion Area High School ,[object Object],King of Prussia, PA,[object Object],College Case Study: ,[object Object],Project Look Sharp at Ithaca College,[object Object],Ithaca, NY,[object Object]
Copyright Clarity: Using Copyrighted Materials for Digital Learning
The Code of Best Practices Helps,[object Object],[object Object]
 To persuade gatekeepers, including school      leaders, librarians, and publishers, to accept well-founded assertions of fair use,[object Object],[object Object]
 To discourage copyright owners from threatening or bringing lawsuits
 In the unlikely event that such suits were brought, to provide the defendant with a basis on which to show that her or his uses were both objectively reasonable and undertaken in good faith.,[object Object]
Communities of Practice Assert Their Fair Use Rights,[object Object]
Digital Millennium Copyright Act of 1998,[object Object],RIPPING. Criminalizes the use of technology, devices, or services intended to circumvent digital rights management (DRM) software that controls access to copyrighted works. ,[object Object],ONLINE TAKEDOWNS. Protects Internet Service Providers against copyright liability if they promptly block access to allegedly infringing material (or remove such material from their systems) if notified by copyright holder; offers a counter-notification provision if use is exempted under fair use ,[object Object]
Copyright Clarity: Using Copyrighted Materials for Digital Learning
The Results of our Advocacy,[object Object],Users may unlock DVDs protected by the Content Scrambling System when circumvention is for the purpose of criticism or comment using short sections, for educational, documentary or non-profit use. ,[object Object]

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Copyright Clarity: Using Copyrighted Materials for Digital Learning

Editor's Notes

  1. Institute for Policy Innovation global music piracy causes $12.5 billion of economic losses every year, 71,060 U.S. jobs lost, a loss of $2.7 billion in workers' earnings, and a loss of$422 million in tax revenues, $291 million in personal income tax and $131 million in lost corporate income and production taxes. FORTUNATELY: ten million licensed tracks available on more than 400 different services worldwide.  That’s great news for music fans and the industry alike.
  2. Worst case scenario: $3,3 million – 22 episodes at $150K eachIf you plead ignorance: possibly only $4,400 ($750 * 22 episodes)PLUS YOUR LEGAL FEES + THEIR LEGAL FEES
  3. Worst case scenario: $3,3 million – 22 episodes at $150K eachIf you plead ignorance: possibly only $4,400 ($750 * 22 episodes)PLUS YOUR LEGAL FEES + THEIR LEGAL FEES