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Multimedia Principles Presentation
- 1. Research-Based Principles of Multimedia Design Click a link to learn more about each category. Manage Essential Processing Foster Generative Processing Reduce Extraneous Processing
- 2. Reduce Extraneous Processing Multimedia should not “overload” a learner by forcing them to process too much information, or unimportant information. Reduce Extraneous Processing Manage Essential Processing Foster Generative Processing Home Coherence Contiguity Signaling Redundancy
- 3. Coherence Eliminate extraneous material (“fluff”) so that only the most important and relevant information is presented. Click here for more information. Reduce Extraneous Processing Manage Essential Processing Foster Generative Processing Home This slide has too much going on and distracts from the important info, which can confuse viewers. This video explains coherence in more detail.
- 4. Signaling Provide clear cues to call attention to the most important or relevant information for learners in a presentation. Click here for more information. Reduce Extraneous Processing Manage Essential Processing Foster Generative Processing Home The key word of each point is in bold, drawing the reader's eye and emphasizing the key point. This video explains signaling in greater depth.
- 5. Redundancy Avoid presenting the same information in more than one format (e.g. vocally, in images) in the same place. Click here for more information. Reduce Extraneous Processing Manage Essential Processing Foster Generative Processing Home This video explains redundancy in more detail. A presenter should not just read the text onscreen verbatim. The image on the left is the ideal method.
- 6. Contiguity Present related information close to each other both spatially and temporally to allow learners to connect. Click here for more information. Reduce Extraneous Processing Manage Essential Processing Foster Generative Processing Home This image shows that it is far easier for a learner to process information when all relevant parts are as close as possible to one another both in space and time. This video explains contiguity in more detail.
- 7. Manage Essential Processing Multimedia should not expect a learner to inherently know complicated related information in order to fully comprehend. Reduce Extraneous Processing Manage Essential Processing Foster Generative Processing Home Modality Segmenting Pre-training
- 8. Segmenting Provide information in smaller, easy-to-process “chunks” or sections rather than one large, unbroken mass. Click here for more information. Reduce Extraneous Processing Manage Essential Processing Foster Generative Processing Home This video explains segmenting in more detail.Learners have an easier time when information is broken down into clear segments.
- 9. Pre-training Give learners an opportunity to familiarize themselves with key terms and concepts before the presentation. Click here for more information. Reduce Extraneous Processing Manage Essential Processing Foster Generative Processing Home This video explains pre-training in more detail. Pre-training suggests that you must allow learners to understand the smaller concepts before presenting the whole.
- 10. Modality When possible, present information vocally rather than in a printed form, letting learners focus on visual elements. Click here for more information. Reduce Extraneous Processing Manage Essential Processing Foster Generative Processing Home This video explains modality in more depth. Learners respond better to information that is presented by a speaker, leaving the graphics to speak for themselves.
- 11. Foster Generative Processing Multimedia should involve the learner and motivate them to connect with and make sense of the material. Reduce Extraneous Processing Manage Essential Processing Foster Generative Processing Home Image Personalization Voice
- 12. Personalization Present in an informal, conversational manner to encourage focus and connection with the information. Click here for more information. Reduce Extraneous Processing Manage Essential Processing Foster Generative Processing Home A conversational style allows learners to feel more comfortable and connected with the information. This video explains personalization in more depth.
- 13. Voice Spoken information should be done so with a human voice rather than one that is computer-generated. Click here for more information. Reduce Extraneous Processing Manage Essential Processing Foster Generative Processing Home This video explains the voice principle in more detail.Whenever possible, a real human voice should be used in multimedia.
- 14. Image When onscreen, an “agent” should be shown displaying human-like movement to create a sense of presence. Click here for more information. Reduce Extraneous Processing Manage Essential Processing Foster Generative Processing Home This video explains image in more detail. Learners will respond better to a presentation if they can see a real person moving and gesturing.