Tuberculosis

1. ❖TUBERCULOSIS [TB]
PRESENTED BY:
DEEVI VYSHNAVI NEELA
2nd PHARM D
217NIT0010
VIPW

2. CONTENTS:
➢ Introduction
➢ Definition
➢ Epidemology
➢ Etiology
➢ Classification
➢ Pathophysiology
➢ Clinical manifestations
➢ Diagnosis
➢ Risk factors
➢ Complications and preventions
➢ References

3. INTRODUCTION :
● Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most prevalent infections of
human beings and contributes considerably to illness and death
around the world .
● It is spread by inhaling tiny droplets of saliva from the coughs or
sneezes of an infected person.
● It is slowly spreading , chronic , granulomatous bacterial infection,
charecterized by gradual weight loss.
● Tuberculosis is the one of the most common causes of death
from infectious disease after HIV/AIDS.

4. DEFINITION:
❏ Tuberculosis is the infectious disease
primarily affecting lung parenchyma is most
often caused by Myobacterium tuberculosis.
❏ It may spread to any part of the body including
meninges, lungs,kidney,lymph nodes etc..
❏ In Latin"Tubercle” means Round nodule/
swelling and “Osis” means Condition.

5. EPIDEMIOLOGY:
● In 2021, an estimated 10.6
million people fell ill with
tuberculosis(TB) worldwide.
Six million men, 3.4 million
women and 1.2 million
children. TB is present in all
countries and age groups.
But TB is curable and
preventable.

6. ETIOLOGY:
● The primary cause of TB
is,Myobacterium tuberculosis, a
small aerobic, non-motile bacillus
● M.bovis,M.africanum,M.canetti
and M.microti these species also
causes TB.

7. CLASSIFICATION OF TB:
● Mainly classified into 2 types-

9. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF TB:

10. DIAGNOSIS:
1. Bacteriological test
2. Sputum culture test
3. Radiography like chest X-
Ray
4. Nucleic acid amplification
5. Tuberculin Skin Test (PPD)
6. Other biological tests like
cell count etc..

11. Physical examination:
● The Doctor will check your lymph nodes for
swelling and use a stethoscope to listen to the
sounds your lungs make when you breathe.
● The most common physical examination findings
are fever, decreased breath sounds, tachypnea
and tachycardia.

12. RISK FACTORS OF TB:
Non-modifiable:
● Sex
● Ethinic background
● Age
● Genetic
predisposition
● Family history

13. COMPLICATIONS AND PREVENTION :

14. REFERENCES:
1. https://www.mdpi.com
2. https://journals.asm.org/doi
3. https://www.slideshare.net
4. https://www.cdc.gov/
5. https://www.who.int/
6. https://www.webmd.com/
7. https://www.nhs.uk/conditions