this is a seminar about tuberculosis disease, we should have enough awareness about is, but this seminar described very superficially.

1. TB (Tuberculosis)
‫بس‬
‫️م‬
‫الرحی️م‬ ‫الرحمن‬ ‫ه‬
‫ّٰللا‬
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TB
1.
Introduction
4.
Symptoms
and Signs

3.  Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease that
most often affects the lungs and is caused by
tubercle bacillus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
 a contagious bacterial infection caused by the
bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It
primarily affects the lungs but can also affect
any other organ including bone, brain and spine.
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4. 1. Pulmonary TB: affects the lungs and causes cough and difficulty in breathing
2. Extrapulmonary TB: affects other body parts such as skin, spine, or other organs
3. Active TB: causes symptoms and can be contagious
4. Latent TB: does not cause symptoms and is not contagious, but can become active
later
 Also stage include 3 phases :-
1. Primary TB
2. Latent TB
3. Active TB
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5. Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the main TB
bacterium, often remains inactive in
infected individuals. However, weak
immune systems, HIV, or suppressed
immune systems can cause active TB
disease.
The TB bacterium is spread through the air
when an infected person; Coughs, Sneezes
It’s not likely to be spread through personal
items, such as clothing, bedding, a drinking
glass, eating utensils, a handshake, a toilet,
or other items that a person with TB has
touched. Good ventilation is the most
important measure to prevent the
transmission of TB.
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6. Latent TB doesn’t have symptoms. A skin or blood test can tell if you have it.
Active tuberculosis symptoms in the lungs include:
1. A cough that lasts more than 3 weeks
2. Chest pain
3. Coughing up blood
4. Feeling tired all the time
5. Night sweats
6. Chills
7. Fever
8. Loss of appetite
9. Weight loss
When TB is extrapolumonary, you may have these same symptoms along with pain near the area
that's infected. 6

7.  There are two common tests for tuberculosis:
1. Tuberculosis skin testing. This is also known as the Mantoux tuberculin skin
test. A technician injects a small amount of fluid into the skin of your lower
arm. After 2-3 days, they’ll check for swelling in your arm. You might get this
test more than once.
2. Tuberculosis blood testing. These tests, also called interferon-gamma release
assays (IGRAs), measure the response when TB proteins are mixed with a small
amount of your blood.
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8.  In countries where TB is common often get the BCG vaccine.
 During travel to a place where TB is common, avoid spending a lot of time in crowded places with
sick people.
 If you have a latent infection, take all your medication so it doesn’t become active and contagious.
 If you have active TB, you'll need to take care to protect others from infection during your first few
weeks of treatment:
 Limit contact with other people. If you live with others, sleep in a separate room and isolate
yourself as much as possible.
 Cover your mouth when you laugh, sneeze, or cough.
 Wear a surgical mask when you’re around other people.
 Keep your space ventilated. Open windows, if possible, and use a fan. Germs spread more easily in
poorly ventilated places.
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