Waste treatment, Malaysia, Soy sauce, Fermentation

1. Wastes Treatment of
Fermented Food Industry in
Malaysia
SBT 2323 Fermentation Technology
Department of Biotechnology
Kulliyyah of Science
International Islamic University
Malaysia, Kuantan
Prepared by: Qiestiena Aliya Faiezi Binti Faizul (1812516)
Lecturer’s name: Asst. Prof. Dr. Anil Azura Binti Jalaludin

2. Background
▪ Overview of the food industry in Malaysia.
▪ Introduction of the selected fermented food products
(Soy Sauce) and the waste treatment of soy sauce in Malaysia.
▪ Objectives of the study.
▪ Methodology of the fermentation process.
▪ Results (Presentation of Data).
▪ Discussion (Treatment Process, Issues, Benefits).
▪ Conclusion
2

3. Overview of the Food Industry in Malaysia
3
Malaysia
• multicultural country
• diverse society & rich in natural
resources, add flavor and variety to
the foods
• leading Asian countries in food
production and processing
MIDA official website
10% manufacturing output
Processed food
RM21.76 billion
EXPORTED to more than 200 countries
Import value in 2019
RM20.27
billion
Food-processing sector

4. Fermented Food Products in Malaysia
4
Fermented Soy Bean Sauce (Kicap)

5. Introduction
5
▪ Soy bean sauce is a traditional fermented
food that is widely being consumed in Asian
countries; China, Japan, Korea, Singapore,
Indonesia & Malaysia.
▪ Used as a liquid seasoning
▪ Main ingredients: Soy Bean, wheat,
▪ salt, yeast, and water.

6. Waste treatment of Soy Sauce production in Malaysia
6
in 2010
• > 80,000 tonnes
of condiments
being produced in
Malaysia
• Increase by 5%
in subsequent year
1 tonne of Soy sauce
=
7-9 tonnes of the wastewater
that contain high
• Chemical oxygen demand (COD)
• Biological oxygen demand (BOD)
• Total suspended solid (TSS)
• Color & protein

7. 7
Waste treatment in the Production of Fermented
Soy Bean Sauce (Kicap)
TYPE of
waste:
Organic
HANDLING
METHOD
for waste:
Waste water
treatment
power plant
TYPE of
treatment:
Biological
treatment using
Aerobic Granular
Sludge

8. The process of wastewater treatment using AGS
8
• According to Nancharaiah & Kiran Kumar
Reddy, (2018)
Aerobic granular sludges is a novel microbial
community which allows simultaneous
removal of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and
other pollutants in a single sludge system.

9. Objectives
9
▪ To investigate the possibility of developing aerobic granular sludge
under anaerobic and aerobic technology based on SBR system in one
bioreactor.
▪ To determine the treatability performance in treating wastewater from
the soy sauce industry.
▪ To observe the reactor performance in nitrification-denitrification
process with the presence of dense and mature AGS
▪ To further understand the aerobic granulation mechanism as well as its
application in the treatment of high strength industrial wastewaters.

10. Methodology of the fermentation process
10
Soaked
Steamed
Cooled
Roasted
Crushed
lightly
Mixed together with
Aspergillus Oryzae to form
a fermentation culture
(koji) and incubated for 72
hours at 25-35 degree
Celcius
Water and salt were added
to transform mature koji to
resultant mixture (moromi)
1 First step: Koji fermentation

11. 11
Moromi fermentation incubated for up to
6 months
Lactic acid
fermentation
by Pediococcus
halophiIus
Alcohol
fermentation by
Zygosaccharomyces
rouxii and Candida
sp.
Pressed
Filtered
2 Second step: Moromi fermentation
Soybean
Cake
(byproduct)
Liquid
Pasteurized
Packaging
and
distribution
Soy sauce

12. Results
12
Retrieved from Harun, Nor-Anuar, Ujang, Othman, & Rosman, (2014)
76%
removal
efficiency
b
58%
removal
efficiency
c
87%
removal
efficiency
a

13. Discussions
13
Characteristics of waste water
Parameters
pH
Chemical oxygen demand
Biological oxygen demand
Color
Suspended solid (SS)
Turbidity
Total dissolved solid
Inorganic composition
Ammoniacal nitrogen (AN)
Total nitrogen (TN)
Total phosphorus (TP)
Units
pH/units
mg/L
mg/L
ADMI
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
Fermented soy sauce wastewater
6
5400
2620
> 600
480
304
4050
21
70
55

14. 14
Retrieved from (Harun et al.,
2014)
Add activated sludge
from municipal sewage
water treatment to
Sequencing batch reactor
(SBR) –the formation of
initial mixed liquor
suspended solid (MLSS).
1
Control and monitor the
continuation of the system
using Timer box that
attach to the influent,
circulation, aeration and
effluent pump.
2
Operation system
8 hours/cycle (480 minutes)
 5 minutes
(Feeding period)
 460 minutes
(Reaction time)
• 120 minutes
(Aerobic conditions)
• 340 minutes
(Anaerobic conditions)
 5 minutes
(Settling)
 5 minutes
(Effluent withdrawal)
 5 minutes
(Idle)
3
SBR setup
Process
of
wastewater
treatment
using
AGS

15. 15
Supply aeration
through an air bubble
diffuser by an air pump at
the reactor bottom. Flow
rate: 0.18 m3/h
4
Operation temperature:
25-30°C
5
Monitor pH and DO
throughout the operation
system
6
Process
of
wastewater
treatment
using
AGS

16. Issues on the waste treatment
16
1. Energy consumption
Consume around 3% to 15% of the country electrical power
every year.
2. Expertise
Operators of the treatment facilities must be trained and
certified.
3. Sludge production
Disposal of excess sludge produced during the treatment
process.
4. Environmental footprint
Treatment also leaves impacts to the environment.

17. Benefits of waste treatment to the following stake
holders
17
Local
community
Industrial
players
Country Fauna
Flora
Government
Family units
Ummah
Ecosystems
Individual
well-being
Embark job
opportunities
Reduce health
risks
Reduce
waste production
Increase tourism
values
Give rise to a
sustainable industry
Cost efficient
Decrease
the risk of
infectious diseases
among animals
Maintain habitat
Provide a more
clean
environment for
family to live
Improve the
fertility of the
soil
Enhance the
economic
stability Create a
sustainable
ecosystem
Form an ummah
that concern
towards the
environment
Improve
individual
health

18. Conclusions
18
▪ Soy sauce is one of the fermentation products that plays a major role in
maintaining the economy in Malaysia.
▪ The waste produced during the production process must be treated
accordingly to ensure the sustainability of the environment.
▪ Aerobic Granular Sludge (AGS) biological treatment is efficient in treating
the waste water from the production of soy sauce.
▪ Waste treatment from the food industry serves a lot of benefits to the
stakeholders and it must be improved from time to time in order to sustain
the efficiency of the process.

19. References
19
.: MIDA | Malaysian Investment Development Authority :. (n.d.). Retrieved August 15, 2020, from
https://www.mida.gov.my/home/33/pages/
4 Major Operational Challenges Facing Wastewater Treatment Plants. (n.d.). Retrieved August 16, 2020, from
https://www.oxymem.com/blog/4-major-operational-challenges-facing-wastewater-treatment-plants
Devanthi, P. V. P., & Gkatzionis, K. (2019). Soy sauce fermentation: Microorganisms, aroma formation, and
process modification. Food Research International, 120(January), 364–374.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2019.03.010
Four human benefits of using waste management to stop ocean plastic | Plastics For Change. (n.d.). Retrieved
August 16, 2020, from https://www.plasticsforchange.org/blog/category/four-human-benefits-of-using-
waste-management-to-stop-ocean-plastic
Harun, H., Nor-Anuar, A., Ujang, Z., Othman, I., & Rosman, N. H. (2014). Efficiency of aerobic granulation
technology in treating high strength soy sauce wastewater. Sains Malaysiana, 43(10), 1485–1490.

20. References
20
Luh, B. S. (1995). Industrial production of soy sauce. Journal of Industrial Microbiology, 14(6), 467–471.
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01573959
Nancharaiah, Y. V., & Kiran Kumar Reddy, G. (2018). Aerobic granular sludge technology: Mechanisms of
granulation and biotechnological applications. Bioresource Technology, 247, 1128–1143.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2017.09.131
The Benefits of a Wastewater Treatment System | Carlow Tanks. (n.d.). Retrieved August 16, 2020, from
https://www.carlowtanks.ie/the-benefits-of-a-modern-wastewater-treatment-system/
The Biggest Problems in Wastewater Treatment Plants? | P.E.W.E. (n.d.). Retrieved August 16, 2020, from
https://www.pewe-llc.com/blog/biggest-problems-wastewater-treatment/

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Thank you
For your time and attention