IN THIS FILE I EXPLAINED ALL BASIC RULES OF VOICE

1. ACTIVE & PASSIVE VOICE
BY MUKESHSIR
[P.V]

2. Voice describes the relationship
between a verb and the subject and
object associated with it.
What is a voice ?????
Raju kills a snake.

3. VOICE
ACTIVE VOICE [ A.V ]
PASSIVE VOICE [ P.V ]

4. ACTIVE VOICE [ A.V ]
When in a sentence subject [doer] performs the
action of the verb and object receives the action
then we can say that the sentence is in active voice .
In active voice we give importance to the subject
Raju play cricket.
Iate an apple.

5. PASSIVE VOICE [ P.V ]
When the subject is acted on by the verb. The
subject receives the action.
In other words when we don’t give importance or
less importance to the subject and object is spoken
first . We call this structure passive voice .
Ravi was beaten by Raju.
All students are informed.
I will be given first prize.

6. Basic rules for changing the voice
from active to passive-
In Active voice we may use any form of the main
verb but in Passive voice we use only past participle
form [3rd form]
Active = go , went , gone , going , goes
Passive = gone [3rd form]
A.V – Ravi eats an apple.
P.V - An apple is eaten by Ravi.
RULE-1

7. RULE-2
The object of active voice becomes the
subject in passive voice .
Remember :- In PV the subject does
not perform the action.
A.V - Ravi sends a message.
P.V - A message is sent by Ravi.
A.V - The police caught the thief.
P.V- The thief was caught [ by the police.]

8. RULE-3
The SUBJECT of active voice becomes
the OBJECT in passive voice .
note:- we use [by] preposition before the
object in passive voice.
A.V – She can make coffee.
P.V – Coffee can be made by her.
A.V – Mukesh sir taught us tenses.
P.V – We were taught tenses by Mukesh sir

9. Changes in personal pronouns
A.V [ SUBJECTIVE CASE ] P.V [ OBJECTIVE CASE ]
I ME
WE US
YOU YOU
HE HIM
SHE HER
THEY THEM
IT IT
A.V – She can make coffee.
P.V – Coffee can be made by her.
A.V – We don’t write this lesson in notebooks.
P.V – This lesson isn’t written in notebooks by us.
A.V – She pays the bills.
P.V – The bills are paid by her.

10. A.V [ OBJECTIVE CASE ] P.V [ SUBJECTIVE CASE ]
ME I
US WE
YOU YOU
HIM HE
HER SHE
THEM THEY
IT IT
A.V – I touch him.
P.V – He is touched by me.
A.V – You can help her.
P.V – She can be helped by you.
A.V – She pays the bills.
P.V – The bills are paid by her.

11. When we can clear our message without doer/agent we can
drop the agent in P.V . Also [by]
Some subjects = WE , PEOPLE , JUDGE , POLICE , SOMEONE ,
ROBBERS
Ignore unimportant subjects
A.V – We ought to obey our parents.
P.V – Our parents ought to be obeyed.
A.V – People read take tea in the morning.
P.V – Tea is taken in the morning.
A.V – Judge sentenced them for 10 years.
P.V – They were sentenced for 10 years.
A.V – Police took the rapist into the court.
P.V – The rapist was taken into the court.
A.V – Someone stole my book.
P.V – My book was stolen.
A.V – Robbers looted the bank. P.V – The bank was looted.

12. RULE - 4
Changes in the tenses verbs
In passive voice we only use [TO BE] forms.
TO BE forms Main verb
Is
Past participle
[3rd form]
Am
Are
Was
Were
Been
be
You are welcomed.
You can be selected.
You were selected.
You have been selected.
You will be selected.
Let the sentence be written.
I am remembered.

13. CHANGES IN TENSES
ACTIVE VOICE PASSIVE VOIVE
PRESENT SIMPLE IS / AM / ARE
PAST SIMPLE WAS / WERE
FUTURE SIMPLE WILL / SHALL + BE
PRESENT CONTINUEUS NO CHANGE + BEING
PAST CONTINUEUS NO CHANGE + BEING
FUTURE CONTINUEUS XXXXXXXXXX
PRESENT PERFECT HAS / HAVE + BEEN
PAST PERFECT HAD + BEEN
FUTURE PERFECT WILL / SHALL HAVE + BEEN
PRESENT PERFECT CONT. XXXXXXXXXX
PAST PERFECT CONT. XXXXXXXXXX
FUTURE PERFECT CONT. XXXXXXXXXX

14. ACTIVE VOICE PASSIVE VOIVE
M.V1
IS / AM / ARE
M.V1 + S/ES
DO / DOES
M.V2
WAS / WERE
DID
IS / AM / ARE / WAS / WERE SAME TENSE + BEING
HAS / HAVE / HAD / WILL HAVE + BEEN
MODAL VERBS + BE
IMPERATIVE SENTECES + BE
CHANGES IN AUXILIARY VERBS

15. EXAMPLES FOR RULE -4
ACTIVE VOICE PASSIVE VOIVE
He makes coffee. Coffeeis made by him
I make coffee. Coffeeis made by me
Does he make coffee? Is coffeemade by him?
I don’t make chapaties. Chapatiesare not made by me.
He is making coffee. Coffeeis beingmade by him.
He is givingme coffee. I am beinggiven coffee by him.
I havemade coffee. Coffeehas been made by me.
I made coffee. Coffeewas made by me.
DidI make coffee? Was coffee made by me?
I wasmaking chapaties. Chapatieswere being made by me
I shall make coffee. coffee will be made by me.
You will have made coffee. Coffeewill have beenmade by you.

16. FORMATION OF AFFIRMATIVES
A.V – SUB.+ AUX. VERB + M.V1/2/3/4/5 + OBJ.
P.V – OBJ.+ [BE] VERB + M.V3 + BY + SUB.
FORMATION OF NEGATIVES
A.V – SUB.+ AUX. VERB + NOT + M.V1/3/4 + OBJ.
P.V – OBJ.+ [BE] VERB + NOT + M.V3 + BY + SUB.
FORMATION OF INTERROGATIVES
A.V – WH + AUX. VERB + SUB. + M.V1/3/4 + OBJ. + ?
P.V – WH + [BE] VERB + OBJ. + M.V3 + BY + SUB. + ?

17. EXAMPLES
A.V – He has driven the car.
P.V – The car has been driven by him.
A.V – I cannot solve this sentence.
P.V – This sentence cannot be solved by me.
A.V – What did yougive him?
P.V – What washe given by you?
A.V – AmI writing a letter?
A.V – Is a letter beingwritten by me?

18. RULE - 5
QUESTION WITH ‘‘WHO’’
A.V = WHO
P.V = WHOM
A.V – Who helps you?
P.V – By whomare you helped?
or
Whomare you helped by?
A.V – Who ate this apple?
P.V – By whomwas this apple eaten?
or Whomwas this apple eaten by?

19. PASSIVE STRUCTURE
OF
IMPERATIVE SENTENCES
IMPERATIVE – This type of sentence show a
desire like command , request , advice or wish
[Command ]
A.V – M.V1 + object.
P.V – Let + object + be + M.V3
[Examples]
A.V - Make a sentence.
P.V – Let a sentence be made.

20. [Examples]
A.V- Open the gate.
P.V – Let the gate be opened.
A.V – Post the letter.
P.V – Let the letter be posted.
A.V – Write it in capital letters.
P.V – Let it be written in capital letters.

21. IMPERATIVES of Advice , Order and Request
A.V – any advice .
P.V – object + should be + M.V3
A.V – Any order.
P.V – You are ordered to + M.V1
A.V – Any request .
P.V – You are requested to + M.V1

22. [ EXAMPLES]
[[ ADVICE]]
A.V – Help the needy.
P.V – The needy should be helped.
A.V – Respect your teacher.
P.V – Your teacher should be respected.
A.V – Love your country.
P.V – Your country should be loved.

23. [ EXAMPLES]
[[ OREDER]]
A.V – Get out from here.
P.V – You are ordered to get out of my class.
A.V – Get lost.
P.V – You are ordered to get lost.
A.V – Stand up.
P.V – You are ordered to stand up.

24. [ EXAMPLES]
[[ Request]]
A.V – Please help the needy .
P.V – You are requested to help the needy .
A.V – please look at the screen .
P.V – You are requested to look at the screen.
A.V – kindly issue 3 days leave.
P.V – You are requested to issue 3 days leave.

25. PASSIVE STRUCTURE
If sentence begins with ‘‘Let’’
The structure is same like affirmative sentence has.
Only ‘’be’’ is added next to the object in P.V
A.V- Let himplay cricket.
P.V – Let cricket be played by him.
A.V – Let her call Ragni.
P.V – Let Ragni be called by her.

26. PASSIVE STRUCTURE
[Helping verbs + to ]
A.V – H.V + to
P.V – H.V + to be
A.V – I have to play cricket
P.V – Cricket has to be playedby me.
A.V – I am to do it.
P.V – It is to be done by me.
A.V – I was to take tea.
P.V – Tea was to be taken by me.

27. These verbs don’t take ‘by’ preposition
“to’’
Know listen addicted
“with’’
please married satisfied disgusted
“at’’
amazed annoyed knocked
Shocked surprised

28. EXAMPLES
A.V – His behavior shocked me.
P.V – I was shocked at his behavior.
A.V – I know you.
P.V – You are known to me.
A.V – Ram married Sita.
P.V – Sita was married with Ram