Asexual reproduction in animals

1. Asexual
Reproduction
in AnimalsBy: Gillian Araya

2. ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION
• Asexual reproduction is a mode of
reproduction in which the new
offspring arise from a single parent.
• The offsprings are identical to each
other, both physically as well as
genetically. They are the exact copies
of their parent cell.

3. FISSION
• Fission means division.
• During asexual reproduction, the
parent cell divides into two or more
cells. Unicellular organisms show
different patterns of cell division
according to their cell structure.

5. BUDDING
• It is a type of asexual
reproduction in which a new
organism develops from an outgrowth
or bud due to cell division at one
particular site.

7. FRAGMENTATION
• Fragmentation is another mode of
asexual reproduction The parent body
divides into two or more fragments.
Later, each fragment develops into a
new individual.
• Multi-cellular organisms like planaria,
spirogyra, etc. reproduce by
fragmentation.

9. PARTHENOGENESIS
• is a type of asexual reproduction in
which a female gamete or egg cell
develops into an individual without
fertilization.
• Animals including most kinds of
wasps, bees, and ants that have no
sex chromosomes reproduce by this
process.

11. SEXUAL REPRODUCTION
• It is a form of reproduction where two
gametes fuse together.
• Specifically one male and one female

12. 3 FUNDAMENTAL STEPS
• Gametogenesis: production of
gametes
• Spawning or Mating: bringing
gametes together
• Fertilization: fusion of gametes

13. SEQUENTIAL
HERMAPHRODITISM
• Occurs when individuals can change
their sex in response to social or
environmental pressures
• Usually occurs in many fishes,
gastropods, and plants.

14. Genicanthus Semifasciatus

15. GONADS
• an organ that produces gametes; a
testis or ovary.

16. TYPES OF
FERTILIZATION

17. INFORMAL FERTILIZATION
• Particularly happens in aquatic
animals, sexual reproduction occurs
outside of the body.

18. EXTERNAL FERTILIZATION
• occurs mostly in wet environment and
requires both the male and the female
to release or broadcast their gametes
into their surroundings (usually water).

20. INTERNAL FERTILIZATION
• is the union of an egg cell with a
sperm during sexual
reproduction inside the body of a
parent. For this to happen there needs
to be a method for the male to
introduce the sperm into the female's
reproductive tract.

22. OVIPAROUS ANIMALS
• Animals that reproduce by laying
eggs. This is how most fish,
amphibians, reptiles, insects, and
arachnids reproduce.

23. VIVIPAROUS ANIMALS
• The young develops inside the
mother’s body until they are mature
enough to be born and live
independently

24. LESSON 7.3
Producing
Genetically
Modified
Organisms

25. • Organisms produce offspring, which
resemble their parents due to
transmission of their genetic makeup.
• The genetic material present in sex
cellls is used as a carrier of genetic
information passed in from parent to
offspring through a genetic material
called deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
• DNA carries the instructions for
assembling a variety of proteins
responsible for forming a variety of
structures

26. DNA
• Every human body cell contains 23
pairs of chromosomes
• Chromosomes ontains many genes
joined together, which could be
attached on a string.
• Each cell in a human body contains
about 35000 genes
• Gene is a distinct portion of the DNA
responsible for inherited trait.

27. • Genotype- genetic material found
inside the nucleus
• Phenotype- observable traits
• The central dogma of molecular
biology describes the two-step
process, transcription and
translation, by which the
information in genes flows into
proteins: DNA → RNA → protein.