LSD

1. BY:
TEJASVI

2. • INTRODUCTION
• HISTORY
• CHEMISTRY OF LSD
• FORMS OF LSD
• HOW IT IS CONSUMED?
• MECHANISM IN THE BODY
• EFFECTS OF LSD CONSUMPTION
• Forensic ANALYSIS
• REFERENCES

3.  Popularly known as D-lysergic acid
diethylamide.
 LSD is a potent hallucinogenic substance
derived from the ergot fungus.
 LSD is water soluble, colorless and
odorless drug.

4. LSD is known by hundreds of street
names, some of the most common street
names are:
Hits
Microdots
Acid
Tabs
Trips
Blotter

5.  First synthesized by a Swiss chemist,
Albert Hofmann in 1938.

6.  In 1943, Hofmann accidentally consumed
the drug and experienced the first
recorded ‘trip’.
 In 1970, LSD was placed in Schedule 1 of
the Controlled Substances Act.

7. NAME : Lysergide
CHEMICAL NAME :
9,10-Didehydro-N,N-diethyl-6-
methylergoline-8ß-carboxamide
ALTERNATE CHEMICAL NAMES :
D-lysergic acid diethylamide;
LSD; LSD-25; lysergsaure
diethylamide
CHEMICAL FORMULA C20H25N3O
MOLECULAR WEIGHT 323.44 (freebase)
MOLECULAR WEIGHT 398.485 (tartrate)
MELTING POINT 198-200° C (D- Tartrate)

9.  Only a small amount of ergotamine
tartrate is required to produce LSD in
large batches.
 For example,1Kg of pure, crystalline
LSD can be obtained from 5Kg of
ergotamine salt.

10.  LSD powder
 LSD capsules
 LSD tablets

11.  LSD gel tabs
 LSD liquid
 LSD blotter

12.  LSD is generally
taken orally, either
as a pill, a piece of
blotter paper or via
liquid dripped onto a
sugar cube.LSD can
also be absorbed
through the users
skin.

15.  LSD has a higher affinity for 5-HT receptors than
serotonin, thus the presence of LSD prevents
serotonin from sending neural messages in the
brain.
 Once the LSD molecule is bound to the receptor
proteins the message is not carried any
further. Instead impulse is redirected to the older
parts of the brain, where the bloodstream then takes
it to the sense interpretive centers and the motor
areas and cause psychedelic hallucinations and
visions.

16.  Dosages of LSD are measured in micrograms
(µg), or millionths of a gram.
 A single dose of LSD may be between 100-500
µg whereas threshold effects can be felt with
as little as 25 µg of LSD.

18. Threshold 25 µg
Light 25 - 75 µg
Common
50 - 150 µg
Strong 150 - 400 µg
Heavy 400 + µg
LD50 (Lethal Dose*) 12,000 µg

19.  Dilated Pupils
 Increased Body
Temperature
 Increased Heart Rate
 Increased Blood
Pressure
 Extreme Sweating
 Loss of Appetite
 Sleeplessness
 Dry Mouth
 Tremors
 Nausea
 Loss of Motor Skills
 Loss of Coordination

20.  Hallucinations
 Increased color
perception
 Altered mental state
 Thought disorders
 Temporary
psychosis
 Delusions
 Body image changes
 Impaired depth, time
and space
perceptions

21. The long-term effects of LSD are known as
“FLASHBACKS”.
Flashbacks are spontaneous, unpredictable
recurrences of the LSD experience without the
ingestion of more of the drug.
There are three types of flashbacks:
 Emotional
Somatic
Perceptual

22. Spot Tests for LSD
 p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde: violet
 Marquis: orange to brown to purple
 Mandelin’s: orange to green to grey
Microcrystal Test
 Potassium triiodide

23. Instrumental analysis
 HPLC
 GC-MS
 IR

24.  Clark’s Isolation and Identification of
Drugs,Moffat,A.C.(editor):1996;pharmaceutical
press; London.
 Handbook of analytical separations: (vol.
2)forensic science: edited by M.J. Bogusz:
Elsevier Publications.
 Saferstein R.; Handbook of forensic
science:(vol.2); by Prentice Hall,NJ.

25.  www.nida.nih.gov/infofax/lsd
 www.lsd.info/
 www.chm.bris.ac.uk/motm/lsd/lsd1
 www.erowid.org/chemicals/lsd/lsd
 http://alcoholism.about.com/cs/lsd/f/lsd
 www.sciencedirect.com/science