3. efinitionD
Household poisons are poisoning that occurby exposure to home
products,especial happened by children(because they don't know
it is,or mimickers to adults),and by adult (accidental, mistakes)
Over 90% of toxic exposure to household product occure in
children under 5 year &usually at time when product is in use
rather than storage.
ute of poisoningoR
May be poisoning occur by one of this way:
-ingestion- inhalation -skin contact
lassificationC
The most common household poisonsare :
If not kept out of the reachof children, or if nottaken
asprescribed,common medications inhomecan be
poisonous.Coldand flu medicines, and analgesicsaccount for
a large number of poisonings.
Among children under
the age of 6, who account for more than half the cases of
unintentional poisonings , these products are most commonly
involved. Perfumes, nail polish remover, mouthwash, even
toothpaste are poison risks for children.
4. . e.g– Bleach, ammonia, furniture
polish;drain cleanersoven cleaners,
lye&detergents,dishwasher powders, oven cleaners,drain
cleaners, methylated spirits and turpentine.all needto be
store.
. When treating the home for pests, it is
important to take care in what areas are treated and to
observe the label instructions veryclosely. Rodent poisons
should never be placed within reach of children or pets,
or in food storage areas.
– Whether via fume inhalation,
ingestion, or lead poisoning, paints and thinners are
potentially hazardous products. Care should be taken to use
proper ventilation when using these products.
Some household plants can be toxic when ingested
by pets or small children. Hazards includesuch common
decorative plants as mistletoe
, poinsettias and holly.
– The combination of theirsize
andchemical composition makes these miniature batteries,
like those used in watches and hearing aids, a serious choke
and poisoning risk.
– Can be fatal if swallowed,This common
household item is particularly dangerous because it has an
attractive smell and taste to pets, and is readily accessible
tothem if spills are not cleaned thoroughly.
–These products include gasoline, kerosene, motor
oil, lighter fluid, and lamp oils. They are not only a choke hazard,
but pose a risk to the lungs when ingested.
5. general)on(gns or symptomsiS
nausea,vomiting. -seizure, confusion.-
-pain, trouble breathing.–abnormal skin color.
N.B.
If the person has no symptoms but has taken apotentially dangerous
poison, should also call a poison control center or go to the nearest
emergency department for an evaluation.
General treatment( first aid)
Firstly decontamination outfrom patient.
If poison act on skin (must be wash by water)
If poison is gas (must be go to fresh air for breath)
If ingestion corrosive poison (must drink water for dilution )
If ingestion the medication orplant ( must be emesis)
Household Poison Prevention
Store potentially poisonous household products and medications
locked out ofyour child’s sight and reach.
Read labels to find out what is poisonous. Unsafe household
products include toilet cleaners, bleach, oven cleaners and
dishwasher products. Other potential hazards include
medicines, makeup, plants, toys, pesticides, art supplies and
alcohol.
Never leave poisonous products unattended while in use.
Many incidents happen when adults are distracted for a
momenton the phone or at the door .
6. Do not mix cleaning products.
Buy child-resistant packages when available
Keep products in their original packages to avoid
confusion.
Use child safety locks on cabinets where you have stored
poisonous items.
Be aware of poisons that may be in handbag. Store
handbags out of the reach of young children
Must wearing gloves when work with cleans and
chemicals.
poisonsxamples for common householdE
ettolPhenalic compounds) D(The substance
cleaning products(disinfectant agent)Class
Has double actionM.O.A
mild anesthesia , coagulate necrosis (clotting in superficial-:Local
B.V lead to gangrene.
, kidney (acute tubulardepressianCNS(stimulation then-:Systemic
necrosis).
ssymptoms&Sign
coagulate necrosis which gangrene in tip finger and thickLocal
the wall of esophagus, stomachnecrosis of skinare white become
brown(due to oxidation).
CNS (stimulation headache convulsion, then depression),Systemic
kidney(albumin urea , haematurea, oligurea, an urea),
CVS(depression in myocardium ,increase in B.P ,rapid pulse)
Gastric lavage is allowed because it cause ulcer on.Treatment
mucous membrane it use 10%alcohol or
•glycerin to dissolve phenol or Mgso4 to precipitate phenol
7. (Na hypochlorite10%) ChloroxThe substance
Cleaning product (bleach agent)Class
Mode of poisoning
The chloroxis liquid used as cleaning product and have toxicity
when ingestion or contact with skin or inhalation large amount .
has corrosive effect when ingestionM.O.A
(hypochlorite +gastric acid Hypochlorous acid +chlorine
( response on RT symptom)
,symptomSign
Accidental exposure by ingestion small amount little symptom
(nausea ,vomiting).
Large amount cause GIT bleeding ,ulceration ,perforation ,cough
, laryngeal edema.
And in whitening of teeth will cause ulceration of the buccal mucosa,
gingive ,blackening of roots.
Treatment
In small dose -----dilution with milk or anth acid and water
gargling
In large dose-----sodium thiosulfate
In complication ------corticostrtiods.
8. )troleumGasoline,kerosene,pe(The substance
hydrocarbonsClass
houseianin our Yementhismeterials are found,poisoningMode of
so our childern are too dangerous to exposure.andingestion.
.Sign ,symptom
ModerateFever(38 -39 c),Pulmonary symptoms
(gasping,cough,aspiration),CNS(lethargy,fits,coma)
CVS(dysrhythmias),GIT(diarrhea,heamatemesis,melena)
,Treatment
clothies must removed -support respiratory functions-
GIT decontaminations not required because risk of aspiration-
AcetoneThe substance
)gluepolish removers&nailsmetics(CoClass
ingetionaccidentalMode of poisoning
acetone odor of breath&ketone inThecharactristc.Sign ,symptom
urine are sensitive indicators of
Lethargy,ataxia, headache,nausea(intoxicationMildexposure.
)stupor&comaingetions (Serious),vomiting,incoherent speech
Treatment
-Emesis is not advised
-Charcoal a dsorb 40%or more acetone &encouraged if used
within few hours.
9. ),volatile oils,potassiumbromate(ethanolThe substance
smetics / Personal Care Product)CoClass
(Perfumes, nail polish , mouthwash ,make up Product
hair colorations, hair relaxers.
by ingestionMode of poisoning
Sign ,symptom
most accidental cosmotics exposure results in no symptoms or
minor
gastrointestinal upset(nausea ,vomiting ,diarrhea ,abdominal pain)
Systemicsymptoms are unusaual. Perfumes, nail polish ,
mouthwash may contain substantial amount of ethanol produce
intoxications
&hypoglycemia.potassium bromate also deaf ness,hypotention,
acute renal failure
Treatment
-mostcosmoticsingetions not require gutdecontaminations
-potassium bromate,exposure are quite serious
lavage is helpful with 2% sodium bicarbonate ,dialysis to
prevention of nepherotoxicity&ototoxicity
ethanol exposure with hypoglycemia should be corrected.
10. organophosphatesThe substance
PesticidesClass
ctskin containhalation orMode of poisoning
Sign ,symptom
headache,(generalCNS
tremer,apacthy,ataxia,convulsiondrowsiness.weakness,coma)
intestinal,bronchial,bladder smoothmuscle(effectuscarinicM
contraction
,vomting,abdominal pain)(diarrheaCholinergic
Pulmonary(dyspnea,reoiratory distress)
Cvs(bradycardia,hypotention)
Treatment
-Frequent suction.endotrachealintubation & or ventilation in
pulmonary lifethreating condition
-gut decontaminations required when patient present withen 4
hour stomach wash by NAHCO3.
Atropine is antidote is antagonize both muscarinic&CNS effect of
ORP
Pralidoxime-
Dose is 1 to 2g in adult or 25 to 50 mg in child given over 3 to 5
mintue
-Diazepam in the case of convulsion.
11. Mushrooms. Amanita muscaria, A. pantherina and A. phalloides(substanceThe
plantslassC
ingetion,poisoningMode of
, breathing problems andsalivation, lacrimationsSign ,symptom
severe abdominal pain with diarrhoea,.Cardiovascular
decompensation, vertigo and progressive mental symptoms
confusion, delirium, convulsions coma& death
Treatment
Emesis then transfer to hospital to take antidote and
Symptomstreatment by give atropine
soaps and shampoosThe substance
)Cleaning product (DeterogentClass
Mode of poisoning
the soaps may be solid and liquid and shampoos is liquid used as
Cleaning product for body so have low toxicity, when ingestion
can cause harmless.
Sign ,symptom
Soap cause gastrointestinal and mucous membrane irritants
,which produce (nausea ,vomiting ,diarrhea ,abdominal pain)
Shampoos only produce gastrointestinal and mucous membrane
irritants. Rug Shampoos may cause respiratory illness (cough,
headache, sore throat , dyspnea )
Emesis , lavage , andcharcoal are unnecessary.Treatment
Symptomaticstreatment , including milk or water dilution.
12. N.B. the other classes such as medicine or plants and cleaning are
have widely examples so must be doing first aid and transfer to
hospital immediately, to give him the special care or other
household products must be transfer to hospital immediately.
enceeferR
-Internet
Toxicology(A Textbook of Modern Toxicology (John Wiley & Sons)
The Toxiology-
The end
)(sulforonic acid, mercury, and leadThe substance
.or suck itsmall typestionsinge,Mode of poisoning
Sign ,symptom
The presence of GIT sign &symptoms suggests necrosis
&perforation,since free floating disc batteries pass spontaneously
GIT symptoms includes abdominal
pain,vomiting,abdominaltenderness,perotinitis.
In suckessymptom metal as irritant poison(Vomiting, diarrhoea,
abdominal discomfort )
And H2SO4symptom (corrosioneffect)
Treatment
If ingestion transfer to hospital to diagnosis and surgery .
If suckes treatment the symptoms and according metal give chemical
substance e.g (dimercaprol ),and for H2SO4 must be dilution (water,milk)
