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1. Philosophy of Management
Fall 2023
Presentation
Week-2
Title: The Research Design Maze: Understanding Paradigms, Cases,
Methods and Methodologies
Presented by: Tayyab Ali Baig

2. Outline
• Introduction
• Understanding the Maze
• Philosophical Dimensions
• Research Paradigsms
• Reseach Methodolgies
• Research Designs & Data Collection
• Data Analysis

3. Introduction
• Logical choices in research methodologies.
• Overview of Research Paradigms
• Elements of Study Design
• A reference point for qualitative multimethod case study

4. Philosophical Dimensions
• Ontology (One’s perception of Reality)
(Objectivist or Subjectivist)
• Epistemology
(One’s belief of generating,understanding and using the valid knowledge)
• Axiology
(Encompases the role of ethics and values)
• Methodology
(Research process as per the context)
Distinguishes Resarch Paradigms
Affects the process of knowing reality

5. Resarch Paradigms
Paradigm/PD Ontology Epistemology Axiology Method
Positivism Reality is external
and Objective
(Absolute truth)
Use numeric measures
to generate knowledge
Etic Approach (Outsider
Approach) Researcher and
researched remains sperate
Theory Testing iwth
statistical tests -
Quantitative
Postpositivism
(Critical Realist)
Objective,
Interpreted though
social conditioning
(Critical Realist)
Observabale Data is
reliable,
bounded by context
Etic and Researcher is
biased by world views
Quantitaive or Qualitative
Interpretivisim Socially Constructed,
Subjective, May
Change
Subjective meaning and
social phenomena
Emic, Researcher is part of
what being researched
Qualitative
Pragmatism External, Multiple
view that best
answers a question
Observation and
subjective meaning can
provide knowledge
Etic-Emic
Objective and Subjective
point of view
Mixed or multi method

6. Research Methodologies and Research Method
Are They Same?

7. Data Collection
• Primary Data (For Case Oranizations)
(Semi-Structured Interviews)
• Secondary Data
(Internal Publications, Public Data)
• Triangulation Method

8. Data Analysis
• Data Preperation
- Data Storage
- Transcribing Recorded Interview
- Cleaning Data

9. Qualitative Data Analysis
• Content Analysis
• Thematic Analysis (Coding method)
• Constant Comparative Method

10. Qualitative VS Quantitative Research
In View of Research Quality
Are they Both Generalizable?