1.0 Overview/Case Summary Example: 1. On today's date, John Doe contacted my office in regards to imaging a stolen laptop computer running Windows® XP Professional that had been recovered. Doe is requesting a forensic examination to see what company documents may have been stolen by the suspect(s) and is requesting a full forensic examination and report for possible criminal charges & civil litigation. This section will vary in length. You will include any relevant information regarding what led to you as the forensic examiner/analyst becoming involved with the digital evidence. You may be just receiving the forensic image and someone else conducted the forensic acquisition and this is a good place to document that as this will correlate with your chain of custody information that you immediately started once you came into contact with the digital evidence. Remember, this is an overview and a summary of how the case was initialized and where you as the examiner/analyst became involved. 2.0 Forensic Acquisition & Exam Preparation Example: 1. On today's date I began the forensic acquisition/imaging process of the stolen laptop. Prior to imaging the stolen laptop, I photographed the laptop, documenting any identifiers (e.g., make, model, serial #), unique markings, visible damage, etc. while maintaining chain of custody. 2. Using a sterile storage media (examination medium) that had been previously forensically wiped and verified by this examiner (MD5 hash value: ed6be165b631918f3cca01eccad378dd) using ABC tool version 1.0. The MD5 hash value for the examination medium yielded the same MD5 hash value as previous forensic wipes to sterilize this media. 3. At this point, I removed the hard drive from the stolen laptop and connected it to my hardware write-blocker, which is running the most recent firmware and has been verified by this examiner. After connecting the hardware write blocker to the suspect hard drive, I connected the hardware write blocker via USB 2.0 to my forensic examination machine to begin the forensic imaging process? 4. Etc, etc. This section is very important, as you must detail your interaction with the digital evidence and the steps taken to preserve and forensically acquire the evidence. Any additional steps that you take (e.g. forensically wiping storage/examination media, etc.) should be notated in this section of your report. Remember, this section of your report is usually where you as the examiner/analyst came into contact with the digital evidence and thoroughly documenting what you have done is very important to the integrity of the digital evidence and your chain of custody. Examiner's Tip: You should have a digital camera in your forensic toolkit. Take a picture of the evidence and document each step of the forensic acquisition and preparation process. Regardless, if you include the picture in your report or as an exhibit, this picture is a perfect field note fo ...

1. 1.0 Overview/Case Summary
Example:
1. On today's date, John Doe contacted my office in regards to
imaging a stolen
laptop computer running Windows® XP Professional that had
been recovered.
Doe is requesting a forensic examination to see what company
documents may
have been stolen by the suspect(s) and is requesting a full
forensic examination
and report for possible criminal charges & civil litigation.
This section will vary in length. You will include any relevant
information regarding what
led to you as the forensic examiner/analyst becoming involved
with the digital evidence.
You may be just receiving the forensic image and someone else
conducted the forensic
acquisition and this is a good place to document that as this will
correlate with your
chain of custody information that you immediately started once
you came into contact
with the digital evidence. Remember, this is an overview and a
summary of how the
case was initialized and where you as the examiner/analyst
became involved.
2.0 Forensic Acquisition & Exam Preparation
Example:

2. 1. On today's date I began the forensic acquisition/imaging
process of the stolen
laptop. Prior to imaging the stolen laptop, I photographed the
laptop,
documenting any identifiers (e.g., make, model, serial #),
unique markings,
visible damage, etc. while maintaining chain of custody.
2. Using a sterile storage media (examination medium) that had
been previously
forensically wiped and verified by this examiner (MD5 hash
value:
ed6be165b631918f3cca01eccad378dd) using ABC tool version
1.0. The MD5
hash value for the examination medium yielded the same MD5
hash value as
previous forensic wipes to sterilize this media.
3. At this point, I removed the hard drive from the stolen laptop
and connected it to
my hardware write-blocker, which is running the most recent
firmware and has
been verified by this examiner. After connecting the hardware
write blocker to the
suspect hard drive, I connected the hardware write blocker via
USB 2.0 to my
forensic examination machine to begin the forensic imaging
process?
4. Etc, etc.
This section is very important, as you must detail your
interaction with the digital
evidence and the steps taken to preserve and forensically
acquire the evidence. Any

3. additional steps that you take (e.g. forensically wiping
storage/examination media, etc.)
should be notated in this section of your report. Remember, this
section of your report is
usually where you as the examiner/analyst came into contact
with the digital evidence
and thoroughly documenting what you have done is very
important to the integrity of the
digital evidence and your chain of custody.
Examiner's Tip: You should have a digital camera in your
forensic toolkit. Take a picture
of the evidence and document each step of the forensic
acquisition and preparation
process. Regardless, if you include the picture in your report or
as an exhibit, this
picture is a perfect field note for you as the examiner to
reference when completing your
report.
• You will also need to include that you verified your forensic
image and notate the
hash values (e.g., MD5, SHA-1).
• You will also need to briefly describe the process you used
when making a
working copy from the forensic image of the original evidence.
3.0 Findings and Report (Forensic Analysis)
Example:
1. After completing the forensic acquisition of the stolen laptop
I began analyzing

4. the forensic image of the stolen laptop with Forensic Tool
2. I used the following tools for forensic analysis, which are
licensed to this
examiner:
o Guidance® Software's EnCase® 6.17
o SANS Investigative Forensic Toolkit (SIFT) Version 2.0
o Internet Evidence Finder v3.3
o RegRipper by Harlan Carvey
o Microsoft® Excel 2007
3. A review of the Internet history using Internet Evidence
Finder, the following data
was recovered from sector 117004, which shows a Facebook
email between
John Doe and Jane Doe. Further analysis shows that a John Doe
logged into his
Google Mail account. See screenshots below:
John Doe logging into Google Mail account.
John Doe logging into Google Mail account.
This is the most detailed section of your investigation. You will
include all artifacts that
you find during your analysis relating to the case.
Examiner's Tip: A very good practice when you are including
your evidence into your

5. report is to include hyperlinks within your report to link to
pictures, documents, etc.
Make sure you test and validate that the hyperlinks work
properly so when your report is
being reviewed, the reader can navigate easily to the evidence
that you are including in
your report.
4.0 Conclusion
In this section, you are basing your conclusion off the forensic
evidence. Remember,
the goal of the forensic examination is to report the facts,
regardless if the evidence is
inculpatory or exculpatory in nature.
Ref: https://www.sans.org/blog/intro-to-report-writing-for-
digital-forensics/
Basic SQL
Dr. Buleje
Slide 6- 1
Outline

6. SQL
Slide 6- 3
Basic SQL
ord “SEQUEL” which was
the
original term used in the paper: “SEQUEL TO SQUARE”
Slide 6- 4
SQL Data Definition, Data Types,
Standards

7. Slide 6- 5
SQL Standards
-86 or SQL 1.A.
-92 is referred to as SQL-2.
-1999) are divided into
core specification and specialized extensions.
-2006 added XML features
-3
Slide 6- 6
Schema and Catalog Concepts in
SQL

8. constructs
Slide 6- 6
Schema and Catalog Concepts in
SQL (cont’d.)
REATE SCHEMA COMPANY AUTHORIZATION
‘Jsmith’;
Slide 6- 8
The CREATE TABLE Command in
SQL
or

9. Slide 6- 9
The CREATE TABLE Command in
SQL (cont’d.)
Slide 6- 10
COMPANY relational database
schema
Slide 6- 11
One possible database state for the
COMPANY relational database schema
Slide 6- 12
One possible database state for the
COMPANY relational database schema –
continued
Slide 6- 13

10. SQL CREATE TABLE data definition statements
for defining the COMPANY schema from Figure
in Slide 10
continued on next slide
Slide 6- 14
SQL CREATE TABLE data definition
statements for defining the COMPANY
schema from Figure in Slide 10 -continued
Slide 6- 15
Attribute Data Types and Domains in
SQL
LINT
-point (real) numbers: FLOAT or REAL, and
DOUBLE PRECISION

11. -string data types
VARYING(n), CHARACTER VARYING(n)
Slide 6- 17
Attribute Data Types and Domains in
SQL (cont’d.)
-string data types
form YYYY-MM-DD

12. change date formats
Slide 6- 18
Attribute Data Types and Domains in
SQL (cont’d.)
Includes the DATE and TIME fields
imum of six positions for decimal
fractions of seconds
increment or decrement an absolute value of a date,
time, or timestamp
Slide 6- 19
Attribute Data Types and Domains in

13. SQL (cont’d.)
object-oriented applications.
Slide 6- 18
Specifying Constraints in SQL
Basic constraints:
are supported in SQL:
Slide 6- 19

14. Basic Retrieval Queries in SQL
that are identical
Slide 6- 20
The SELECT-FROM-WHERE
Structure of Basic SQL Queries
Slide 6- 21
Basic Retrieval Queries
Slide 6- 31
Basic Retrieval Queries (Contd.)
Slide 6- 32

15. Tables as Sets in SQL
query results
for
lause
Slide 6- 38
Tables as Sets in SQL (cont’d.)
EXCEPT ALL, INTERSECT ALL)
Slide 6- 39
Substring Pattern Matching and
Arithmetic Operators

16. characters
LIKE ‘%Houston,TX%’;
AND Dno = 5;
Slide 6- 40
Arithmetic Operations
–), multiplication (*), and
division (/) may be included as a part of SELECT
Slide 6- 27

17. Ordering of Query Results
ORDER BY D.Dname DESC, E.Lname ASC,
E.Fname ASC
Slide 6- 28
INSERT, DELETE, and UPDATE
Statements in SQL
Slide 6- 44
The INSERT Command (examples)

18. the tuple. All values including nulls are supplied.
a new table is loaded values from the result of a
query.
Slide 6- 46
The DELETE Command (examples)
ect the tuples to be
deleted. The number of tuples deleted will vary.
Slide 6- 49
UPDATE (example)
department number of project number 10 to
'Bellaire' and 5, respectively
U5: UPDATE PROJECT

19. SET PLOCATION = 'Bellaire',
DNUM = 5
WHERE PNUMBER=10
Slide 6- 51
Summary
management
specification, and view definition
definition commands for creating tables
Slide 6- 55