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CYB 610 All Project (Project 1-6)
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CYB 610 Project 1 Information Systems and Identity Management
CYB 610 Project 2 Operating Systems Vulnerabilities (Windows and
Linux)
CYB 610 Project 3 Assessing Information System Vulnerabilities and
Risk
CYB 610 Project 4 Threat Analysis and Exploitation
CYB 610 Project 5 Cryptography
CYB 610 Project 6 Digital Forensics Analysis
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CYB 610 Project 1 Information Systems and
Identity Management

Project 1 Information Systems and Identity Management
Video transcript
CYB 610 Project 1 You are a systems administrator in the IT
department of a major metropolitan hospital. Your
duties are to ensure the confidentiality, availability, and integrity of
patient records, as well as the other files and databases used
throughout the hospital. Your work affects several
departments, including Human Resources, Finance, Billing,
Accounting, and Scheduling. You also apply security controls on
passwords for user accounts. Just before clocking out for the day, you
notice something strange in the hospital's computer
system. Some person, or group, has accessed user accounts and
conducted unauthorized activities. Recently, the hospital experienced
intrusion into one of its patient's billing accounts.
After validating user profiles in Active Directory and matching them
with user credentials, you suspect several user's passwords have been
compromised to gain access to the hospital's
computer network. You schedule an emergency meeting with the
director of IT and the hospital board. In light of this security breach,
they ask you to examine the security posture of the hospital's
information systems infrastructure and implement defense techniques.
This must be done quickly, your director says. The hospital board
is less knowledgeable about information system
security. The board makes it clear that it has a limited
cybersecurity budget. However, if you can make a strong case to the
board, it is likely that they will increase your budget and implement
your recommended tool companywide.
You will share your findings on the hospital's security posture. Your
findings will be brought to the director of IT in a technical report.
You will also provide a nontechnical assessment of the

overall identity management system of the hospital and define
practices to restrict and permit access to information. You will share
this assessment with the hospital board in the form of a
narrated slide show presentation. You know that identity management
will increase the security of the overall information system's
infrastructure for the hospital. You also know that, with a good
identity management system, the
security and productivity benefits will outweigh costs incurred.
This is the argument you must make to those stakeholders.
Daily life requires us to have access to a lot of information, and
information systems help us access that information. Desktop
computers, laptops, and mobile devices keep us connected to the
information we need through processes that work via hardware and
software components. Information systems infrastructure makes this
possible. However, our easy access to communication and
information also creates security and privacy risks. Laws, regulations,
policies, and guidelines exist to protect information and information
owners. Cybersecurity ensures the confidentiality, integrity, and
availability of the information. Identity management is a fundamental
practice. Part of identity management is the governance of access,
authorization, and authentication of users to information systems,
Identity management is one part of a layered security defense strategy
within the information systems infrastructure. Your work in this
project will enable you to produce a technical report and nontechnical
presentation that addresses these requirements.
There are five steps that will help you create your final deliverables.
The deliverables for this project are as follows:
1. Nontechnical presentation: This is an 8-10 slide PowerPoint
presentation for business executives and board members.
2. Technical report: Your report should be a 6-7 page double-
spaced Word document with citations in APA format. The page
count does not include figures, diagrams, tables or citations.
3. Executive summary: This should be a 2-3 page double-spaced
Word document.
4. In a Word document, share your lab experience and provide
screen prints to demonstrate that you performed the lab.

When you submit your project, your work will be evaluated using the
competencies listed below. You can use the list below to self-check
your work before submission.
 1.1: Organize document or presentation clearly in a manner that
promotes understanding and meets the requirements of the
assignment.
 2.3: Evaluate the information in a logical and organized manner
to determine its value and relevance to the problem.
 6.2: Creating a roadmap for organizations to use in development
of an Identity Access Management program (to address gaps in
their current offerings).
 Step 1: Defining the Information System Infrastructure
Select a hospital or healthcare organization to research. You may
choose an organization you are familiar with or can readily obtain
information about. To maintain confidentiality, you do not need to
mention the name of the organization. You may also choose a
hypothetical/fictitious healthcare organization.
Others have researched several healthcare organizations, which have
suffered major security breaches, extensively.
1. Describe the organization and structure including the different
business units and their functions. You may use an
organizational chart to provide this information.
2. Choose one or more mission-critical systems of the healthcare
organization. Define the information protection needs for the
organization's mission-critical protected health information
(PHI). This information is stored in database medical records for
doctors, nurses, and insurance claims billing systems, which are
used to fulfill the organizational information needs.
3. Define the workflows and processes for the high-level
information systems that you have just identified that will store
PHI. Workflows and processes for healthcare organizations
define how the organization gets its work done. They describe
the movement of patient information to the business units that
have needs to process and manage that information, from billing
to physician care. All these organizations have hardware and
software implementations of their information systems, and it is
critical to understand these components, and how they are

connected (known as their topology), so the appropriate
protections can be applied. Your research may produce
instances and examples of how an information system is
connected, to include cybersecurity components like firewalls,
in the information system and network diagram. Be sure you
understand the benefits and weaknesses for the different
network topologies.
You may incorporate what you find in your research, in your
definition for workflows and processes for the high-level
information systems and provide explanation of how that
topology fulfills the mission for the health care organization.
Your definition should include a high-level description of
information systems hardware and software components and
their interactions. Take time to read the following resources.
They will help you construct your definition.
o Information systems hardware
o Information systems software
You may supply this information as a diagram with inputs, outputs,
and technologies identified. Consider how you might restrict access
and protect billing and PHI information.
4. The links shown below provide access to essential information
you’ll need to complete this part of the hospital’s information
system infrastructure definition. Click each link, review its
resources, and refer to them as you compose this part of the
definition.
o Open Systems Interconnections (OSI) Model
o TCP/IP protocols
o network protocols
You will include these definitions in your report.
Step 2: Threats
Now that you have defined the hospital's information system
infrastructure, you will have to understand what are the threats to
those systems and describe the types of measures that could address
those threats. In this section, you will learn about different types of

identity access management solutions and how they protect against
the threat of unauthorized access.
To complete this section of the report, you’ll brush up on your
knowledge of threats by reading the following resources: web security
issues, insider threats, intrusion motives/hacker psychology, and CIA
triad. Take what you learned from these resources to convey the
threats to the hospital's information systems infrastructure. Include a
brief summary of insider threats, intrusion motives, and hacker
psychology in your report as it relates to your hospital data processing
systems. Relate these threats to the vulnerabilities in the CIA triad.
This section of your report will also include a description of the
purpose and components of an identity management system to include
authentication, authorization, and access control. Include a discussion
of possible use of laptop devices by doctors who visit their patients at
the hospital, and need access to hospital PHI data. Review the content
of the following resources. As you’re reading, take any notes you
think will help you develop your description.
1. Authorization
2. Access control
3. Passwords
4. Multi-factor authentication
Next, expand upon your description. Define the types of access
control management to include access control lists in operating
systems, role-based access controls, files, and database access
controls. Define types of authorization and authentication and the use
of passwords, password management, and password protection in an
identity management system. Describe common factor authentication
mechanisms to include multi-factor authentication.
You will include this information in your report.
Step 3: Password Cracking Tools
You have successfully examined the threats to a healthcare
organization's information systems infrastructure. Now, you must
begin your research into password cracking software. Do some quick
independent research on password cracking as it applies to your
organization.

You can click on this link to find the instructions for Navigating the
Workspace and the Lab Setup.
Enter Workspace and complete the lab activities outlined in the
Project 1 Workspace Exercise Instructions. There are additional
password cracking tool resources, tutorials, and user guides to
continue your familiarity with the tools.
Click here to access the Project 1 Workspace Exercise Instructions.
After completing the lab, you will have successfully tested more than
one password cracking tool. Not all password cracking tools will
necessarily perform with the same speed, precision, and results,
making it important to test a few different products. Compare the
password cracking tools based on these characteristics, and include as
part of your assessment and recommendations on the use of such
tools. You will test the organization's systems for password strength
and complexity and complete validation testing. You will compare the
results obtained from your first and second tool.
You have tested and made comparisons of the performance of various
password cracking tools and you have the data to support your
recommendations for the use of such tools.
Not all password cracking tools will necessarily perform with the
same speed, precision, and results, making it important to test a few
different products. The comparison will be part of your assessment
and help you make recommendations on the use of such tools. You
will test the organization's systems for password strength and
complexity and complete validation testing. You will compare the
results comparing the various tools.
1. Read this article about cyberattacks, perform two different types
of cyberattacks in the first, and in the second tool, crack user
account passwords. Describe them in simple nontechnical terms
for the leadership. You can identify which tool is the most
effective and why for your organization's IT environment
2. Compare and contrast the results from the two methods used to
crack the accounts for the three passwords (each encrypted by
the two hash algorithms). Show their benefits. You can make
certain conclusions that help your company's cybersecurity
posture after using these methods.

3. Explain to the director of IT and the members of the board that
the healthcare organization’s anti-virus software will detect
password cracking tools as malware. Also explain how this
impacts the effectiveness of testing security controls like
password strength. Help the leadership understand the risks and
benefits of using password cracking tools, through persuasive
arguments in your report and presentation. If any of the tools
take longer than 4-5 minutes to guess a password, record the
estimated length of time the tool anticipates to guess it.
Include this information in your presentation.
Step 4: The Non-Technical Presentation
You now have the information you need to prepare your product for
stakeholders. Based on the research and work you've completed in
Workspace, you will develop two items: a technical report for the
director of IT, and a nontechnical slide show presentation for the
members of the board. You will tailor the language of your reports
appropriately to the different audiences.
The nontechnical presentation: Your upper-level management team
consists of technical and nontechnical leadership, and they are
interested in the bottom line. You must help these leaders understand
the identity management system vulnerabilities you discovered in
password cracking and access control. They need to clearly see what
actions they must either take or approve. The following are a few
questions to consider when creating your presentation:
1. How do you present your technical findings succinctly to a non-
technical audience? Your technical report for IT will span many
pages; but you will probably be afforded no more than 30
minutes or 8-10 slides for your presentation and the following
discussion with leadership.
2. How do you describe the most serious risks factually but
without sounding too temperamental? No one likes to hear that
their entire network has been hacked, data has been stolen, and
the attackers have won. You will need to describe the
seriousness of your findings while also assuring upper-level
management that these are not uncommon occurrences today.

3. How do your results affect business operations? Make sure you
are presenting these very technical password cracking results in
business terms upper-level management will understand.
4. What do you propose? Management will not only want to
understand what you have discovered; they will want to know
what you propose as a solution.
Step 5: The Technical Report and Executive Summary
The technical report and the nontechnical presentation will identify
compromises and vulnerabilities in the information systems
infrastructure of the healthcare organization, and identify risks to the
organization's data. You will propose a way to prioritize these risks
and include possible remediation actions.
The technical report: Provide recommendations for access control
and authentication mechanisms to increase the security within the
identity management system. Review the mission and organization
structure of this healthcare organization. Review the roles within the
organization, and recommend the accesses, restrictions, and
conditions for each role. Present these in a tabular format as part of
your list of recommendations.
Provide a comparison of risk scenarios to include the following:
1. What will happen if the CIO and the leadership do nothing, and
decide to accept the risks?
2. Are there possible ways the CIO can transfer the risks?
3. Are there possible ways to mitigate the risks?
4. Are there possible ways to eliminate the risks?
5. What are the projected costs to address these risks?
Provide an overall recommendation, with technical details to the
director of IT.
The executive summary: In addition to your technical report, also
create a nontechnical report as an executive summary.
1. Nontechnical presentation: This is a 8-10 slide PowerPoint
presentation for business executives and board members.
2. Technical report: Your report should be a 6-7 page double-
spaced Word document with citations in APA format. The page
count does not include figures, diagrams, tables or citations.

3. Executive summary: This should be a 2-3 page double-spaced
Word document.
Submit your deliverables to the assignment folder.
Before you submit your assignment, review the competencies below,
which your instructor will use to evaluate your work. A good practice
would be to use each competency as a self-check to confirm you have
incorporated all of them in your work.
assignment.
 6.2: Creating a roadmap for organizations to use in development
of an Identity Access Management program (to address gaps in
their current offerings).
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CYB 610 Project 2 Operating Systems
Vulnerabilities (Windows and Linux)

CYB 610 Project 2 Congratulations, you are the newly appointed lead
cybersecurity engineer with your company in
the oil and natural gas sector. This is a seniorlevel position. You were
hired two months ago based on your successful
cybersecurity experience with a previous employer.
Your technical knowledge of cybersecurity is solid. However, you
have a lot to learn about this company's culture, processes, and IT
funding decisions, which are made by higher management.
You have recently come across numerous anomalies and
incidents leading to security breaches. The incidents took place
separately, and it has not been determined if they were
caused by a single source or multiple related sources. First, a month
ago, a set of three corporate database servers crashed suddenly. Then,
a week ago, anomalies were found in the
configuration of certain server and router systems of your company.
You immediately recognized that something with your IT
resources was not right. You suspect that someone, or some group,
has been regularly accessing your user account and conducting
unauthorized configuration changes. You meet with your leadership
to discuss the vulnerabilities. They would like you to provide a
security assessment report, or SAR, on the state of the operating
systems within the organization. You're also tasked with creating a
nontechnical narrated presentation summarizing your thoughts.
The organization uses multiple operating systems that are Microsoft-
based and Linuxbased. You will have to understand these
technologies for vulnerability scanning using the tools that
work best for the systems in the corporate network.
You know that identity management will increase the security of the
overall information systems infrastructure for the company. You also
know that with a good identity management system,
the security and productivity benefits will outweigh costs incurred.
This is the argument you must make to the stakeholders
The operating system (OS) of an information system contains the
software that executes the critical functions of the information system.
The OS manages the computer's memory, processes, and all of its
software and hardware. It allows different programs to run
simultaneously and access the computer's memory, central processing

unit, and storage. The OS coordinates all these activities and ensures
that sufficient resources are applied. These are the fundamental
processes of the information system and if they are violated by a
security breach or exploited vulnerability it has the potential to have
the biggest impact on your organization.
Security for operating systems consists of protecting the OS
components from attacks that could cause deletion, modification, or
destruction of the operating system. Threats to an OS could consist of
a breach of confidential information, unauthorized modification of
data, or unauthorized destruction of data. It is the job of the
cybersecurity engineer to understand the operations and
vulnerabilities of the OS (whether it is a Microsoft, Linux, or another
type of OS), and to provide mitigation, remediation, and defense
against threats that would expose those vulnerabilities or attack the
OS.
There are six steps that will help you create your final deliverables.
1. Security Assessment Report (SAR): This report should be a 7-8
page double-spaced Word document with citations in APA
format. The page count does not include figures, diagrams,
tables, or citations.
2. Nontechnical presentation: This is a set of 8-10 PowerPoint
slides for upper management that summarizes your thoughts
regarding the findings in your SAR.
assignment.
 5.4: Identify potential threats to operating systems and the
security features necessary to guard against them.
Step 1: Defining the OS

The audience for your security assessment report (SAR) is the
leadership of your organization, which is made up of technical and
nontechnical staff. Some of your audience will be unfamiliar with
operating systems (OS). As such, you will begin your report with a
brief explanation of operating systems fundamentals and the types of
information systems.
Click on and read the following resources that provide essential
information you need to know before creating a thorough and
accurate OS explanation:
 operating systems fundamentals
 the applications of the OS
 The Embedded OS
 information system architecture
 cloud computing
 web architecture
After reviewing the resources, begin drafting the OS overview to
incorporate the following:
1. Explain the user's role in an OS.
2. Explain the differences between kernel applications of the OS
and the applications installed by an organization or user.
3. Describe the embedded OS.
4. Describe how the systems fit in the overall information system
architecture, of which cloud computing is an emerging,
distributed computing network architecture..
Include a brief definition of operating systems and information
systems in your SAR.
Step 2: OS Vulnerabilities
You just summarized operating systems and information systems for
leadership. In your mind, you can already hear leadership saying "So
what?" The organization's leaders are not well versed in operating
systems and the threats and vulnerabilities in operating systems, so in
your SAR, you decide to include an explanation of advantages and
disadvantages of the different operating systems and their known
vulnerabilities.
Prepare by first reviewing the different types of vulnerabilities and
intrusions explained in these resources:
 Windows vulnerabilities

 Linux vulnerabilities
 Mac OS vulnerabilities
 SQL PL/SQL, XML and other injections
Based on what you gathered from the resources, compose the OS
vulnerability section of the SAR. Be sure to:
1. Explain Windows vulnerabilities and Linux vulnerabilities.
2. Explain the Mac OS vulnerabilities, and vulnerabilities of
mobile devices.
3. Explain the motives and methods for intrusion of the MS and
Linux operating systems;
4. Explain the types of security awareness technologies such as
intrusion detection and intrusion prevention systems.
5. Describe how and why different corporate and government
systems are targets.
6. Describe different types of intrusions such as SQL PL/SQL,
XML, and other injections
You will provide leadership with a brief overview of vulnerabilities in
your SAR.
Step 3: Preparing for the Vulnerability Scan
You have just finished defining the vulnerabilities an OS can have.
Soon you will perform vulnerability scanning and vulnerability
assessments on the security posture of the organization's operating
systems. But first, consider your plan of action. Read these two
resources to be sure you fully grasp the purpose, goals, objectives,
and execution of vulnerability assessments and security updates:
 Vulnerability assessments
 Patches
Then provide the leadership with the following:
1. Include a description of the methodology you proposed to assess
the vulnerabilities of the operating systems. Provide an
explanation and reasoning of how the methodology you
propose, will determine the existence of those vulnerabilities in
the organization’s OS.
2. Include a description of the applicable tools to be used, and the
limitations of the tools and analyses, if any. Provide an
explanation and reasoning of how the applicable tools to be

used, you propose, will determine the existence of those
vulnerabilities in the organization’s OS.
3. Include the projected findings from using these vulnerability
assessment tools.
In your report, discuss the strength of passwords, any Internet
Information Services' administrative vulnerabilities, SQL server
administrative vulnerabilities, and other security updates and
management of patches, as they relate to OS vulnerabilities.
Step 4: Vulnerability Assessment Tools for OS and Applications
Note: You will use the tools in Workspace for this step. If you need
help outside the classroom, register for the CLAB 699 Cyber
Computing Lab Assistance (go to the Discussions List for registration
information). Primary lab assistance is available from a team of lab
assistants. Lab assistants are professionals and are trained to help you.
Click here to access the instructions for Navigating the Workspace
and the Lab Setup.
Enter Workspace and complete the lab activities related to operating
system vulnerabilities.
Explore the tutorials and user guides to learn more about the tools you
will use.
You've prepared for your assessment; now it's time to perform.
Security and vulnerability assessment analysis tools, such as
Microsoft Baseline Security Analyzer (MBSA) for Windows OS and
OpenVAS for Linux OS, are stand-alone tools designed to provide a
streamlined method for identifying common security
misconfigurations and missing security updates for the operating
systems and applications. These tools work on layers 5-7 of the Open
System Interconnection (OSI) model.
Your leadership will want to understand the differences and
commonalities in the capabilities of both tools and will want this
included in the SAR.
Use the tools' built-in checks to complete the following for Windows
OS (e.g., using Microsoft Baseline Security Analyzer, MBSA):
1. Determine if Windows administrative vulnerabilities are
present.

2. Determine if weak passwords are being used on Windows
accounts.
3. Report which security updates are required on each individual
system.
4. You noticed that the tool you used for Windows OS (i.e.,
MBSA) provides dynamic assessment of missing security
updates. MBSA provides dynamic assessment of missing
security updates. Scan one or more computers by domain, IP
address range, or other grouping.
5. Once complete, provide a detailed report and recommendations
on how to make your system a more secure working
environment. In this case, a tool such as MBSA will create and
store individual XML security reports for each computer
scanned and will display the reports in the graphical user
interface in HTML.
You will also complete a similar exercise for Linux OS (e.g., using
the OpenVAS tool). Select the following links to learn more about
OpenVAS and computer networks:
 OpenVAS
 Computer Networks
Utilize the OpenVAS tool to complete the following:
1. Determine if Linux vulnerabilities are present.
2. Determine if weak passwords are being used on Linux systems.
3. Determine which security updates are required for the Linux
systems.
4. You noticed that the tool you used for Linux OS (i.e.,
OpenVAS) provides dynamic assessment of missing security
updates. MBSA provides dynamic assessment of missing
security updates. Scan one or more computers by domain, IP
address range, or other grouping.
5. Once complete, provide a detailed report and recommendations
on how to make your system a more secure working
environment
Knowledge acquired from this Workspace exercise and capability of
this tool will help your company's client organizations secure the

computer networks’ resources and protect corporate data from being
stolen.
Validate and record the benefits of using these types of tools. You
will include this in the SAR.
Step 5: The Security Assessment Report
By utilizing security vulnerability assessment tools, such as MBSA
and OpenVAS, you now have a better understanding of your system's
security status. Based on the results provided by these tools, as well as
your learning from the previous steps, you will create the Security
Assessment Report (SAR).
In your report to the leadership, emphasize the benefits of using a free
security tool such as MBSA. Then make a recommendation for using
these types of tools (i.e., MBSA and OpenVAS), including the results
you found for both.
Remember to include these analyses and conclusions in the SAR
deliverable:
1. After you provide a description of the methodology you used to
make your security assessment, you will provide the actual data
from the tools, the status of security and patch updates, security
recommendations, and offer specific remediation guidance, to
your senior leadership.
2. You will include any risk assessments associated with the
security recommendations, and propose ways to address the risk
either by accepting the risk, transferring the risk, mitigating the
risk, or eliminating the risk.
Include your SAR in your final deliverable to leadership.
Step 6: The Presentation
Based on what you have learned in the previous steps and your SAR,
you will also develop a presentation for your company's leadership.
Your upper-level management team is not interested in the technical
report you generated from your Workspace exercise. They are more
interested in the bottom line. You must help these nontechnical
leaders understand the very technical vulnerabilities you have
discovered. They need to clearly see what actions they must either
take or approve. The following are a few questions to consider when
creating your nontechnical presentation:

1. How do you present your technical findings succinctly to a non-
technical audience? Your Workspace exercise report will span
many pages, but you will probably not have more than 30
minutes for your presentation and follow-up discussion.
2. How do you describe the most serious risks factually but
without sounding too temperamental? No one likes to hear that
their entire network has been hacked, data has been stolen, and
the attackers have won. You will need to describe the
seriousness of your findings while also assuring upper-level
management that these are not uncommon occurrences today.
3. How do your Workspace exercise results affect business
operations? Make sure you are presenting these very technical
results in business terms that upper-level management will
understand.
4. Be very clear on what you propose or recommend. Upper-level
management will want to not only understand what you
discovered; they will want to know what you propose as a
solution. They will want to know what decisions they need to
make based on your findings.
Your goal for the presentation is to convince the leadership that
adopting a security vulnerability assessment tool (such as MBSA) and
providing an extra security layer is a must for the company.
1. Security Assessment Report (SAR): This report should be a 7-8
2. Nontechnical presentation: This is a set of 8-10 PowerPoint
slides for upper management that summarizes your thoughts
regarding the findings in your SAR.

assignment.
5.4: Identify potential threats to operating systems and the security
features necessary to guard against them.
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
CYB 610 Project 3 Assessing Information
System Vulnerabilities and Risk
Project 3 Assessing Information System Vulnerabilities and Risk
CYB 610 Project 3 You are an Information Assurance Management
Officer, IAMO, at an organization of your
choosing. One morning, as you're getting ready for work, you see an
email from Karen, your manager. She asks you to come to her office
as soon as you get in. When you arrive to your work, you head
straight to Karen's office. “Sorry for the impromptu
meeting,” she says, “but we have a bit of an emergency. There's been
a security breach at the Office of Personnel Management.”
We don't know how this happened, but we need to make sure it

doesn't happen again, says Karen. You'll be receiving an email with
more information on the security breach. Use this info to
assess the information system vulnerabilities of the Office of
Personnel Management. At your desk, you open Karen's email.
She's given you an OPM report from the Office of the
Inspector General, or OIG. You have studied the OPM OIG report
and found that the hackers were able to gain access through
compromised credentials. The security breach could have
been prevented, if the Office of Personnel Management, or OPM, had
abided by previous auditing reports and security findings. In addition,
access to the databases could have been prevented by implementing
various encryption schemas and could have been identified after
running regularly scheduled scans of the systems.
Karen and the rest of the leadership team want you to compile your
findings into a Security Assessment Report or SAR. You will also
create a Risk Assessment Report, or RAR, in which
you identify threats, vulnerabilities, risks, and likelihood of
exploitation and suggested remediation
The security posture of the information systems infrastructure of an
organization should be regularly monitored and assessed (including
software, hardware, firmware components, governance policies, and
implementation of security controls). The monitoring and assessment
of the infrastructure and its components, policies, and processes
should also account for changes and new procurements that are sure
to follow in order to stay in step with ever-changing information
system technologies.
The data breach at the Office of Personnel Management (OPM) is one
of the largest in US government history. It provides a series of lessons
learned for other organizations in industry and the public sector. Some
critical security practices, such as lack of diligence to security
controls and management of changes to the information systems
infrastructure were cited as contributors to the massive data breach in
the OPM Office of the Inspector General's (OIG) Final Audit Report,
which can be found in open source searches. Some of the findings in
the report include: weak authentication mechanisms; lack of a plan for
life-cycle management of the information systems; lack of a
configuration management and change management plan; lack of

inventory of systems, servers, databases, and network devices; lack of
mature vulnerability scanning tools; lack of valid authorizations for
many systems, and lack of plans of action to remedy the findings of
previous audits.
The breach ultimately resulted in removal of OPM's top leadership.
The impact of the breach on the livelihoods of millions of people is
ongoing and may never be fully known. There is a critical need for
security programs that can assess vulnerabilities and provide
mitigations.
There are nine steps that will help you create your final deliverables.
1. Security Assessment Report (SAR): This should be an 8-10
2. Risk Assessment Report (RAR): This report should be a 5-6
assignment.
 1.2: Develop coherent paragraphs or points so that each is
internally unified and so that each functions as part of the whole
document or presentation.
 1.3: Provide sufficient, correctly cited support that substantiates
the writer’s ideas.
 1.4: Tailor communications to the audience.
 1.5: Use sentence structure appropriate to the task, message and
audience.
 1.6: Follow conventions of Standard Written English.

 5.2: Knowledge of architectural methodologies used in the
design and development of information systems and knowledge
of standards that either are compliant with or derived from
established standards or guidelines.
 5.6: Explore and address cybersecurity concerns, promote
awareness, best practice, and emerging technology.
 7.3: Knowledge of methods and tools used for risk management
and mitigation of risk.
 8.1: Demonstrate the abilities to detect, identify, and resolve
host and network intrusion incidents.
 8.2: Possess knowledge and skills to categorize, characterize,
and prioritize an incident as well as to handle relevant digital
evidence appropriately.
Step 1: Enterprise Network Diagram
During Project One, you researched a hypothetical or actual
organization of your choice. You had to understand the goals of the
organization and the types of systems that would fulfill those goals.
You will now research and learn about types of networks and their
secure constructs that may be used in organizations to accomplish the
functions of the organization’s mission. You will propose a local area
network (LAN) and a wide area network (WAN) for the organization,
define the systems environment, and incorporate this information in a
network diagram. Discuss the security benefits of your chosen
network design.
Read about the following computing platforms available for networks
and discuss how these platforms could be implemented in your
organization. Include the rationale for all platforms you choose to
include in your network design.
 common computing platforms
 cloud computing
 distributed computing
 centralized computing
 secure programming fundamentals
 Step 2: Enterprise Threats
 Review the OIG report on the OPM breach that you were asked
to research and read about at the beginning of the project. The

OIG report included numerous security deficiencies that likely
left OPM networks vulnerable to being breached. In addition to
those external threats, the report also describes the ways OPM
was vulnerable to insider threats. The information about the
breach could be classified as threat intelligence. Define threat
intelligence and explain what kind of threat intelligence is
known about the OPM breach.
 You just provided detailed background information on your
organization. Next, you’ll describe threats to your organization’s
system. Before you get started, select and explore the contents
of the following link: insider threats (also known as internal
threats). As you’re reading, take note of which insider threats
are a risk to your organization.
 Now, differentiate between the external threats to the system
and the insider threats. Identify where these threats can occur in
the previously created diagrams. Relate the OPM threat
intelligence to your organization. How likely is it that a similar
attack will occur at your organization?
Step 3: Scanning the Network
Note: You will use the tools in Workspace for this step. If you need
help outside the classroom to complete this project, register for CLAB
699 Cyber Computing Lab Assistance (go to the Discussions List for
registration information). Primary lab assistance is available from a
team of lab assistants. Lab assistants are professionals and are trained
to help you.
and the Lab Setup.
Select the following link to enter Workspace. and complete the lab
activities related to network vulnerabilities.
You will now investigate network traffic, and the security of the
network and information system infrastructure overall. Past network
data has been logged and stored, as collected by a network analyzer
tool such as Wireshark. Explore the tutorials and user guides to learn
more about the tools you will use. Click the following link to read
more about these network monitoring tools: Tools to Monitor and
Analyze Network Activities.

You will perform a network analysis on the Wireshark files provided
to you in Workspace and assess the network posture and any
vulnerability or suspicious information you are able to obtain. Include
this information in the SAR.
You will then return to the lab in order to identify any suspicious
activities on the network, through port scanning and other techniques.
You will revisit the lab and lab instructions in Step 7: Suspicious
Activity.
In order to validate the assets and devices on the organization's
network, run scans using security and vulnerability assessment
analysis tools such as MBSA, OpenVAS, Nmap, or Nessus depending
on the operating systems of your organization's networks. Live
network traffic can also be sampled and scanned using Wireshark on
either the Linux or Windows systems. Wireshark allows you to
inspect all OSI layers of traffic information. Further analyze the
packet capture for network performance, behavior, and any suspicious
source and destination addresses on the networks.
In the previously created Wireshark files, identify if any databases
had been accessed. What are the IP addresses associated with that
activity? Include this information in the SAR.
Step 4: Identifying Security Issues
You have a suite of security tools, techniques, and procedures that can
be used to assess the security posture of your organization's network
in a SAR.
Now it's time to identify the security issues in your organization's
networks. You have already used password cracking tools to crack
weak and vulnerable passwords. Provide an analysis of the strength of
passwords used by the employees in your organization. Are weak
passwords a security issue for your organization?
Step 5: Firewalls and Encryption
Next, examine these resources on firewalls and auditing–
RDBMS related to the use of the Relational Database Management
System (i.e., the database system and data) RDBMS. Also review
these resources related to access control.

Determine the role of firewalls and encryption, and auditing –
RDBMS that could assist in protecting information and monitoring
the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the information in the
information systems.
Reflect any weaknesses found in the network and information system
diagrams previously created, as well as in the developing SAR.
Step 6: Threat Identification
You know of the weaknesses in your organization's network and
information system. Now you will determine various known threats to
the organization's network architecture and IT assets.
Get acquainted with the following types of threats and attack
techniques. Which are a risk to your organization?
 IP address spoofing/cache poisoning attacks
 denial of service attacks (DoS)
 packet analysis/sniffing
 session hijacking attacks
 distributed denial of service attacks
In identifying the different threats, complete the following tasks:
1. Identify the potential hacking actors of these threat attacks on
vulnerabilities in networks and information systems and the
types of remediation and mitigation techniques available in your
industry, and for your organization.
2. Identify the purpose and function of firewalls for organization
network systems, and how they address the threats and
vulnerabilities you have identified.
3. Also discuss the value of using access control, database
transaction and firewall log files.
4. Identify the purpose and function of encryption, as it relates to
files and databases and other information assets on the
organization's networks.
Include these in the SAR.
Step 7: Suspicious Activity
Note: You will utilize the tools in Workspace for this step.
Hackers frequently scan the Internet for computers or networks to
exploit. An effective firewall can prevent hackers from detecting the
existence of networks. Hackers continue to scan ports, but if the

hacker finds there is no response from the port and no connection, the
hacker will move on. The firewall can block unwanted traffic and
NMap can be used to self-scan to test the responsiveness of the
organization's network to would-be hackers.
Select the following link to enter Workspace and conduct the port
scanning. Return to the lab instructions by clicking here to access
the Project 3 Workspace Exercise Instructions.
Step 8: Risk and Remediation
What is the risk and what is the remediation? What is the security
exploitation? You can use the OPM OIG Final Audit Report findings
and recommendations as a possible source for methods to remediate
vulnerabilities.
Read this risk assessment resource to get familiar with the process,
then prepare the risk assessment. Be sure to first list the threats, then
the vulnerabilities, and then pairwise comparisons for each threat and
vulnerability, and determine the likelihood of that event occurring,
and the level of impact it would have on the organization. Use the
OPM OIG Final Audit Report findings as a possible source for
potential mitigations. Include this in the risk assessment report
(RAR).
Step 9: Creating the SAR and RAR
Your research and Workspace exercise have led you to this moment:
creating your SAR and RAR. Consider what you have learned in the
previous steps as you create your reports for leadership.
Prepare a Security Assessment Report (SAR) with the following
sections:
1. Purpose
2. Organization
3. Scope
4. Methodology
5. Data
6. Results
7. Findings
The final SAR does not have to stay within this framework, and can
be designed to fulfill the goal of the security assessment.

Prepare a Risk Assessment Report (RAR) with information on the
threats, vulnerabilities, likelihood of exploitation of security
weaknesses, impact assessments for exploitation of security
weaknesses, remediation, and cost/benefit analyses of remediation.
Devise a high-level plan of action with interim milestones (POAM),
in a system methodology, to remedy your findings. Include this high-
level plan in the RAR. Summarize the results you obtained from the
vulnerability assessment tools (i.e., MBSA and OpenVas) in your
report.
1. Security Assessment Report (SAR): This should be an 8-10
2. Risk Assessment Report (RAR): This report should be a 5-6
assignment.
 1.2: Develop coherent paragraphs or points so that each is
internally unified and so that each functions as part of the whole
document or presentation.
 1.3: Provide sufficient, correctly cited support that substantiates
the writer’s ideas.
 1.4: Tailor communications to the audience.

audience.
 5.2: Knowledge of architectural methodologies used in the
design and development of information systems and knowledge
of standards that either are compliant with or derived from
established standards or guidelines.
 5.6: Explore and address cybersecurity concerns, promote
awareness, best practice, and emerging technology.
 7.3: Knowledge of methods and tools used for risk management
and mitigation of risk.
 8.1: Demonstrate the abilities to detect, identify, and resolve
host and network intrusion incidents.
 8.2: Possess knowledge and skills to categorize, characterize,
and prioritize an incident as well as to handle relevant digital
evidence appropriately.
***************************************************
CYB 610 Project 4 Threat Analysis and
Exploitation
Project 4 Threat Analysis and ExploitationBottom of Form

CYB610 Project 4 You are part of a collaborative team that
was created to address cyber threats and exploitation
of US financial systems critical infrastructure. Your team has been
assembled by the White House Cyber National security staff to
provide situational awareness about a current network
breach and cyber attack against several financial service institutions.
Your team consists of four roles, a representative from the financial
services sector who has discovered the network breach and the
cyber attacks. These attacks include distributed denial
of service attacks, DDOS, web defacements, sensitive data
exfiltration, and other attack vectors typical of this nation state actor.
A representative from law enforcement who has provided
additional evidence of network attacks found using network defense
tools. A representative from the intelligence agency who
has identified the nation state actor from
numerous public and government provided threat intelligence reports.
This representative will provide threat intelligence on the tools,
techniques, and procedures of this nation state actor. A
representative from the Department of Homeland Security who will
provide the risk, response, and recovery actions taken as a result of
this cyber threat. Your team will have to provide education and
security awareness to the financial services sector
about the threats, vulnerabilities, risks, and risk mitigation and
remediation procedures to be implemented to maintain a robust
security posture. Finally, your team will take the lessons learned
from this cyber incident and share that knowledge with the rest of the
cyber threat analysis community. At the end of the response to
this cyber incident, your team will provide two deliverables, a
situational analysis report, or SAR,
to the White House Cyber National security staff and an After Action
Report and lesson learned to the cyber threat analyst community.
US critical infrastructure-power—water, oil and natural gas, military
systems, financial systems—have become the target of cyber and
physical attacks as more critical infrastructure systems are integrated
with the Internet and other digital controls systems. The lesson
learned in defending and mitigating cyberattacks is that no entity can

prevent or resolve cyberattacks on its own. Collaboration and
information sharing is key for success and survival.
This is a group exercise, representing collaboration across all sectors,
to support and defend US critical infrastructure. In the working world,
a team like this would include some agencies, some industrial
partners, and some private sector corporations. Each organization has
different strengths and skills, different access to information, and
different authorities to report to. When the sectors work together and
leverage resources and skills, the result is that everyone benefits from
the defense and protection of US IT infrastructure. In your teams, you
can model the same collaboration, leveraging each other's expertise,
sharing each other's knowledge, teaching each other, and providing
contributions specific to your role in the scenario.
 Financial Services Representative: special task in Step 3
 Law Enforcement Representative: special task in Step 4
 Intelligence Agency Representative: special task in Step 5
 Homeland Security Representative: special task in Step 6
There are seven steps that will help you create your final deliverables.
1. Security Assessment Report (SAR): This report should be a 14-
15 page double-spaced Word document with citations in APA
2. After Action Report (AAR): This report should be a 10-15 page
double-spaced Word document with citations in APA format.
The page count does not include figures, diagrams, tables, or
citations.
3. This is a 5-8 slide PowerPoint presentation for executives along
with a narrated or In-Class Presentation summarizing your SAR
and AAR report.
assignment.

 4.1: Lead and/or participate in a diverse group to accomplish
projects and assignments.
 4.3: Contribute to team projects, assignments, or organizational
goals as an engaged member of a team.
 8.4: Possess knowledge of proper and effective communication
in case of an incident or crisis.
Step 1: Establishing Roles
As described in the scenario, you will be working in a small team
(usually five members). Your instructor has provided an area for your
group discussions, collaboration, and file sharing. Take some time to
learn about your teammates (introductions, LinkedIn profiles and
bios) to understand the experience and expertise of the team members.
Studies on teamwork outline the typical team stages of forming,
storming, norming, and performing (see Tuckman, Bruce W. (1965),
"Developmental sequence in small groups," Psychological Bulletin,
63, 384-399.) This guidance on teamwork may be helpful.
In order to do well, you and your team members must start
communicating or "forming" immediately and discuss how you will
divide the work. Review the project and if you have portions of the
work that play well to your strengths, make this known to your team
members. Then develop a project plan and schedule to get the work
done.
Finally, agree on a communications plan, which allows your team
members to know where the project stands. During this stage, you
may have disagreements or differences of opinion about roles and
division of work. This is a normal aspect of "storming."
Once you start agreeing on roles and tasks, you are well on your way
to "norming." You should settle on a collaboration space and share
drafts of your work in your classroom team locker so your team
members and the instructor can see the work progression. All team
members must contribute, but the deliverables need to be cohesive.
Therefore, each of you will need to review each other's work and help
each other.

While you may have to use collaborative tools outside the classroom,
maintain the key documents in the respective team project locker in
the classroom. Your team will use this area to establish ground rules
for communication and collaboration. Team members will gain an
overview of the entire project, establish roles, agree on the division of
work, and complete and sign the Team Project Charter.
If you decide to use Google Docs for your collaborative work, you
could also choose a Google drive with appropriate sharing with your
team members and your instructor, and provide information on this in
your team locker. Part of teamwork is looking at each other's work
and providing constructive feedback and improvements.
If you sense problems during your team communications sessions,
discuss risk management and project adjustments your team may need
to make. If you sense trouble, contact your instructor and request
intervention as soon as you recognize issues.
After the plan is completed, elect one person to attach or link the final
document to the team project locker. This step should have been
completed early in the term between Weeks 2 and 4.
Setting up the team roles and expectations is an important part of this
project and completing the charter is critical to the project's success.
When you have completed this important step, move to the next step.
Step 2: Assessing Suspicious Activity
Your team is assembled and you have a plan. It's time to get to work.
You have a suite of tools at your disposal from your work in Project
1, Project 2, and Project 3, which can be used together to create a full
common operating picture of the cyber threats and vulnerabilities that
are facing the US critical infrastructure. Begin by selecting the
following links to brush up on your knowledge:
1. network security
2. mission critical systems
3. penetration testing
To be completed by all team members: Leverage the network
security skills of using port scans, network scanning tools, and
analyzing Wireshark files, to assess any suspicious network activity
and network vulnerabilities.

Step 3: The Financial Sector
To be completed by the Financial Services Representative:
Provide a description of the impact the threat would have on the
financial services sector. These impact statements can include the loss
of control of the systems, the loss of data integrity or confidentiality,
exfiltration of data, or something else. Also provide impact
assessments as a result of this security incident to the financial
services sector.
To be completed by all team members: Provide submissions from
the Information Sharing Analysis Councils related to the financial
sector. You can also propose fictitious submissions. Also, review the
resources for Industrial Control Systems, and advise the importance
of them to the financial services sector. Explain the risks associated
with the Industrial Controls Systems.
Step 4: Law Enforcement
To be completed by the Law Enforcement
Representative: Provide a description of the impact the threat would
have on the law enforcement sector. These impact statements can
include the loss of control of systems, the loss of data integrity or
confidentiality, exfiltration of data, or something else. Also provide
impact assessments as a result of this security incident to the law
enforcement sector.
Step 5: The Intelligence Community
To be completed by all team members: Provide an overview of the
life cycle of a cyber threat. Explain the different threat vectors that
cyber actors use, and provide a possible list of nation-state actors that
have targeted the US financial services industry before.
Review this threat response and recovery resource and use what you
learned from the resource to provide or propose an analytical method
in which you are able to detect the threat, identify the threat, and
perform threat response and recovery. Identify the stage of the cyber
threat life cycle where you would observe different threat behaviors.
Include ways to defend against the threat, and protect against the
threat. Provide this information in the SAR and AAR.

To be completed by the Intelligence Community Representative:
Provide intelligence on the nation-state actor, their cyber tools,
techniques, and procedures. Leverage available threat reporting such
as from FireEye, Mandiant, and other companies and government
entities that provide intelligence reports. Also include the social
engineering methods used by the nation-state actor and their reasons
for attacking US critical infrastructure. Include this information in the
SAR and AAR.
Step 6: Homeland Security
To be completed by the Homeland Security Representative: Use
the US-CERT and other similar resources to discuss the
vulnerabilities and exploits that might have been used by the
attackers.
Explore the resources for risk mitigation and provide the risk,
response, and risk mitigation steps that should be taken if an entity
suffers the same type of attack.
To be completed by all team members: Provide a risk-threat matrix
and provide a current state snapshot of the risk profile of the financial
services sector. These reports will be part of an overall risk
assessment, which will be included in the SAR and AAR.
Review and refer to this risk assessment resource to aid you in
developing this section of the report.
Step 7: The SAR and AAR
All team members: After you compile your research, and your own
critical assessments and analysis, determine which information is
appropriate for a Security Assessment Report (SAR) that will be
submitted to the White House, and an After Action Report (AAR) that
will be submitted to the rest of the analyst community.
1. Prepare your SAR for the White House Cyber National Security
Staff, describing the threat, the motivations of the threat actor,
the vulnerabilities that are possible for the threat actor to exploit,
current and expected impact on US financial services critical
infrastructure, the path forward to eliminate or reduce the risks,
and the actions taken to defend and prevent against this threat in
the future.

2. Prepare the AAR. This knowledge management report will be
provided to the cyber threat analyst community, which includes
the intelligence community, the law enforcement community,
the defense and civilian community, the private sector, and
academia. The purpose of the AAR is to share the systems life
cycle methodology, rationale, and critical thinking used to
resolve this cyber incident.
1. Security Assessment Report (SAR): This report should be a 14-
15 page double-spaced Word document with citations in APA
2. After Action Report (AAR): This report should be a 10-15 page
The page count does not include figures, diagrams, tables, or
citations.
3. A 5-8 slide PowerPoint presentation for executives along with
narration or In-Class presentation by each team member
summarizing a portion of your SAR and AAR report.
assignment.
 4.1: Lead and/or participate in a diverse group to accomplish
projects and assignments.
 4.3: Contribute to team projects, assignments, or organizational
goals as an engaged member of a team.
8.4: Possess knowledge of proper and effective communication in
case of an incident or crisis.

***************************************************

CYB 610 Project 5 Cryptography
Project 5 Cryptography
CYB610 Project 5 You are an enterprise security architect for a
company in a semiconductor manufacturing
industry where maintaining competitive advantage and protecting
intellectual property is vital.
You're in charge of security operations and
strategic security planning. Your responsibilities
include devising the security protocols for identification, access, and
authorization management. You recently implemented
cryptography algorithms to protect the information organization.
Leadership is pleased with your efforts and would like you to take
protection methods even further. They've asked you to study cyber-
attacks against different cryptography mechanisms
and deploy access control programs to prevent those types of attacks.
We'd like you to create plans for future
security technology deployments, says one senior
manager. And provide documentation so that others can carry out the
deployments. A director chimes in, but you should also devise a
method for ensuring the identification, integrity, and non-
repudiation of information in transit at rest and in use within the

organization. As the enterprise security architect, you are responsible
for providing the following deliverables.
Create a network security vulnerability and threat table in which you
outline the security architecture of the organization, the
cryptographic means of protecting the assets of the
organizations, the types of known attacks against those protections,
and means to ward off the attacks. This document will help you
manage the current configuration of the security architecture.
Create a Common Access Card, CAC deployment strategy, in which
you describe the CAC implementation and deployment and
encryption methodology for information security
professionals. Create an email security strategy in which you provide
the public key, private key hashing methodology to determine the best
key management system for your organization.
These documents will provide a security overview for the leadership
in your company
Encryption uses cryptographic algorithms to obfuscate data. These
complex algorithms transform data from human readable plaintext
into encrypted cipher text. Encryption uses the principles of
substitution and permutation to ensure that data is transformed in a
non-deterministic manner by allowing the user to select the password
or a key to encrypt a message. The recipient must know the key in
order to decrypt the message, translating it back into the human
readable plaintext.
There are six steps that will lead you through this project. After
beginning with the workplace scenario, continue to Step 1: "IT
Systems Architecture."
1. Create a single report in Word document format. This report
should be about 10 pages long, double-spaced, with citations in
APA format. Page count does not include diagrams or tables.
The report must cover the following:
o network security and threat table
o Common Access Card deployment strategy
o e-mail security strategy
screenshots to demonstrate that you performed the lab.

audience.
 1.7: Create neat and professional looking documents appropriate
for the project or presentation.
 2.1: Identify and clearly explain the issue, question, or problem
under critical consideration.
 2.2: Locate and access sufficient information to investigate the
issue or problem.
 2.4: Consider and analyze information in context to the issue or
problem.
 3.2: Employ mathematical or statistical operations and data
analysis techniques to arrive at a correct or optimal solution.
 5.1: Knowledge of procedures, tools, and applications used to
keep data or information secure, including public key
infrastructure, point-to-point encryption, and smart cards.
Step 1: IT Systems Architecture
You are a senior-level employee and you must tailor your deliverables
to suit your audience: the leadership of the organization. You may
choose to use a fictitious organization, or model your organization on
an existing organization, including proper citations.
Leadership is not familiar with the architecture of the IT systems, nor
are they familiar with the types of threats that are likely or the security
mechanisms in place to ward off those threats. You will provide this
information in tabular format and call it the Network Security and
Vulnerability Threat Table. Refer to this threat table template for
guidance on creating this document.
Before you begin, select the links below to review some material on
information security. These resources will help you complete the
network security and vulnerability threat table.
 LAN security
 Availability

Now you’re ready to create your table. Include and define the
following components of security in the architecture of your
organization, and explain if threats to these components are likely, or
unlikely:
 LAN security
 identity management
 physical security
 personal security
 availability
 privacy
Next, review the different types of cyberattacks described in the
following resource: cyberattacks. As you’re reading take note of
which attacks are most likely to affect your organization. Then list the
security defenses you employ in your organization to mitigate these
types of attacks. Include this information in your Network Security
and Vulnerability Threat Table.
Step 2: Plan of Protection
Note: You will utilize the tools in Workspace for this step. If you
need help outside the classroom, you can register for the CLAB 699
Cyber Computing Lab Assistance (go to the Discussions List for
to help you.
and the Lab Setup.
Next, select the following link to enter Workspace and complete the
lab exercises.
Explore the tutorials and user guides to learn more about the tools you
will use.
In this lab exercise, you will learn more about the transmission of files
that do not seem suspicious but that actually have embedded
malicious payload, undetectable to human hearing or vision. This type
of threat can enter your organization’s networks and databases
undetected through the use of steganography or data hiding. You

should include this type of threat vector to an organization in your
report to leadership. Research how organizations can monitor,
identify and remedy those files with embedded files and data, and
provide these as recommendations for your leadership.
You will have to provide the leadership of your organization with
your plan for protecting identity, access, authorization and
nonrepudiation of information transmission, storage, and usage.
Research scholarly works on nonrepudiation measures and discuss
options for protecting the integrity of an organization's information
assets, which include files, networks, databases, and e-mail, and
include this in your lab report.
Step 3: Data Hiding Technologies
You will describe to your organization the various cryptographic
means of protecting its assets. Select the links below to review
encryption techniques and encryption technologies, then provide your
organization with a brief overview of each.
Encryption Technologies
1. Shift / Caesar cipher
2. Polyalphabetic cipher
3. One time pad cipher/Vernam cipher/perfect cipher
4. Block ciphers
5. triple DES
6. RSA
7. Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)
8. Symmetric encryption
9. Text block coding
Data Hiding Technologies
1. Information hiding and steganography
2. Digital watermarking
3. Masks and filtering
These descriptions will be included in the network security
vulnerability and threat table for leadership.
Step 4: Creating the Network Security Vulnerability and Threat Table

Using the information you've gathered from the previous steps,
prepare the network security vulnerability and threat table, in which
you outline the following:
 security architecture of the organization
 the cryptographic means of protecting the assets of the
organization
 the types of known attacks against those types of protections
 means to ward off the attacks
Create your Network Security Vulnerability and Threat Table, and
include it in your submission to the organization. Please refer to
this threat table template for guidance on creating this document.
Step 5: Access Control Based on Smart Card Strategies
Smart cards use encryption chips to identify the user, their identity,
role, and sometimes use their personal identifiable information (PII).
Two examples of smart cards are the federal government’s use of
common access cards (CACs), and the financial sector’s use of
encryption chips in credit cards.
You have completed your threat table, and you've decided that you
want to modernize the access control methods for your organization.
To that end, you read the following resources to gather some
background information on access control and the various encryption
schemas associated with the Common Access Card (CAC):
 Access control
 Common access Card (CAC)
You plan to deploy CAC to the company and you are tasked with
devising that CAC deployment strategy, which includes the
cryptographic solutions used with the CAC.
In the Common Access Card Deployment Strategy final deliverable,
describe how identity management would be a part of your overall
security program and your CAC deployment plan:
Create your Common Access Card Deployment Strategy and include
it in your submission to the organization.
Step 6: The Email Security Strategy
After completing the CAC, your next step is to build the Secure Email
Strategy for the organization. You will present this tool to your
leadership.

Provide an overview of the types of public-private key pairing, and
show how this provides authentication and nonrepudiation. You will
also add hashing, and describe how this added security benefit ensures
the integrity of messaging.
Begin preparing your strategy by reviewing the following resources
that will aid you in becoming well informed on encryption
technologies for e-mail:
 Public Key Infrastructure (PKI)
 iOS encryption
 Blackberry encryption
Then start developing your strategy. Define these strong encryption
technologies as general principles in secure email:
Pretty Good Policy (PGP algorithm)
 GNU Privacy Guard (GPG)
 Public Key Infrastructure (PKI)
 Digital signature
 Mobile device encryption (e.g., iOS encryption and Blackberry
encryption)
In your report, also consider how the use of smart card readers tied to
computer systems might be beneficial in the future enhancements to
system and data access protection. This may help you define long-
term solutions for your leadership.
Leadership does not know the costs and technical complexity of these
email encryption strategies. To further their understanding, compare
the complexities of each in relation to the security benefits, and then
make a recommendation and a deployment plan.
1. Create a single report in Word document format. This report
should be about 10 pages long, double-spaced, with citations in
APA format. Page count does not include diagrams or tables.
The report must cover the following:
o network security and threat table
o Common Access Card deployment strategy
o e-mail security strategy
screenshots to demonstrate that you performed the lab.

audience.
 1.7: Create neat and professional looking documents appropriate
for the project or presentation.
 2.1: Identify and clearly explain the issue, question, or problem
under critical consideration.
 2.2: Locate and access sufficient information to investigate the
issue or problem.
 2.4: Consider and analyze information in context to the issue or
problem.
 3.2: Employ mathematical or statistical operations and data
analysis techniques to arrive at a correct or optimal solution.
5.1: Knowledge of procedures, tools, and applications used to keep
data or information secure, including public key infrastructure, point-
to-point encryption, and smart cards.
***************************************************

CYB 610 Project 6 Digital Forensics Analysis

 Project 6 Digital Forensics Analysis
Project 6 Start Here
This project will provide an introduction to digital forensic analysis.
Digital forensic analysis is used to review and investigate data
collected through digital communications and computer networks.
The National Institute for Standards and Technology (NIST) has
defined four fundamental phases for forensic analysis: collection,
examination, analysis, and reporting. You will learn more about these
concepts as you navigate throughout the steps of this project and read
the literature and links found in each step.
There are four steps that will lead you through this project. Begin with
Step 1: “Methodology. The deliverables for this project are as
follows:
1. Digital Forensic Research Paper: This should be a five-page
The page count does not include diagrams or tables.
screenshots to demonstrate that you completed the lab.
 5.3: Uses defensive measures and information collected from a
variety of sources to identify, analyze, and report events that
occur or might occur within the network in order to protect
information, information systems, and networks from threats.
 8.6: Provides professional preparation for computer digital
forensics, investigation of crime, and preservation of digital
evidence in criminal and civil investigations and information
security incident response.
 8.7: Provide theoretical basis and practical assistance for all
aspects of digital investigation and the use of computer evidence
in forensics and law enforcement.
Step 1: Methodology
The methodology includes following a systems process. Identify the
requirements, purpose, and objectives of the investigation. Click the

links below to review information that will aid in conducting and
documenting an investigation:
 secure programming fundamentals
 forensics fundamentals
Learn about the investigation methodology. Consider secure
programming fundamentals. Define the digital forensics analysis
methodology, and the phases of the digital forensics fundamentals and
methodology, including the following:
1. preparation
2. extraction
3. identification
4. analysis
This information will help you understand the process you will use
during an investigation.
Step 2: Tools and Techniques
Select the following links to learn about forensics analysis tools,
methods, and techniques:
1. forensics analysis tools
2. web log and session analysis
3. hash analysis
Step 3: Exploring Forensic Tools
Note: You will utilize the tools in Workspace for this step. If you
need help outside the classroom, you can register for the CLAB 699
Cyber Computing Lab Assistance (go to the Discussions List for
to help you.
and the Lab Setup.
Select the following link to enter Workspace. Complete the forensic
tools exercise provided in this lab. Explore the tutorials and user
guides to learn more about various types of digital forensic tools.
You will learn about the different types of tools, techniques, and
analyses.

Step 4: Digital Forensics Research Paper
Now that you have learned basics of digital forensics analyses and
methodology, and have experienced one of the common forensic
tools, use the material presented in this project as well as research
you've conducted outside of the course materials to write a research
paper that addresses the following:
1. digital forensic methodology
2. the importance of using forensic tools to collect and analyze
evidence (e.g., FTK Imager and EnCase)
3. hashing in the context of digital forensics
4. How do you ensure that the evidence collected has not been
tampered with (i.e., after collection)? Why and how is this
important to prove in a court of law?
1. Digital Forensic Research Paper: This should be a five-page
The page count does not include diagrams or tables.
screenshots to demonstrate that you completed the lab.
 5.3: Uses defensive measures and information collected from a
variety of sources to identify, analyze, and report events that
occur or might occur within the network in order to protect
information, information systems, and networks from threats.
 8.6: Provides professional preparation for computer digital
forensics, investigation of crime, and preservation of digital
evidence in criminal and civil investigations and information
security incident response.

 8.7: Provide theoretical basis and practical assistance for all
aspects of digital investigation and the use of computer evidence
in forensics and law enforcement.
***************************************************

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