The document defines different types of errors that can occur when taking measurements in an experiment: personal errors due to mistakes by the observer, systematic errors caused by defects in measurement instruments, and random errors from sudden changes in experimental conditions. It explains that the difference between the measured value and the actual value is called error, and discusses how to classify errors into personal, systematic, and random categories. Accuracy is defined as how close a measurement is to the true or standard value.

2. The difference between the measured
value and the actual value is called
Error.
Error

3. In an experiment certain errors may arise due
to experimenter, or to the instrument used or
due to both.
we divide these errors into three categories,
named:
1. Personal Errors
2. Systematic Errors
3. Random Errors
Errors and Accuracy

4. 1. Personal Error:
An error comes into play because of faulty
procedure adopted by the observer is called
"PERSONAL ERROR".
Personal error comes into existence due to
making an error in reading a scale. It is due to faulty
procedure adopted by the person making
measurement.
Errors and Accuracy

5. 1. Systematic Error:
The type of error arises due to defect in the
measuring device is known as "SYSTEMATIC
ERROR"
Generally it is called "ZERO ERROR". it
may be positive or negative error. Systematic error
can be removed by correcting measurement device.
Errors and Accuracy

6. 1. Random Error
The error produced due to sudden
change in experimental conditions is called
"RANDOM ERROR".
Errors and Accuracy

7. The degree to which the result of a
measurement, calculation, or
specification conforms to the correct
value or a standard is accuracy.
Accuracy