Selfie: The New Age Media Trend

Selfie: The New Age Media Trend: A PU Campus Survey
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Masters degree in
Journalism and Mass Communication
April 2015
School of communication studies
Panjab University, Chandigarh
Supervisor: Submittedby:
Dr. Mohanmeet Khosla Tanya Gill

DECELERATION
I hereby certify that the dissertation entitled “Selfie, The New Age Narcissism: A Panjab
University Case Study” is a bonafide result of independent research work done by Tanya
Gill, under the supervision of Dr. Mohanmeet Khosla, Associate Professor and submitted to
School of Communication Studies in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of
Masters of Arts in Journalism and Mass Communication.
Tanya Gill
University Roll no. 23
This is to certify that the above mentioned statement made by the candidate is correct to the
best of my knowledge.
Dr. Mohanmeet Khosla
Associate Professor
School of Communication Studies
Panjab University

ACKNOWLEDGMENT
I would like to express my gratitude towards everyone who helped me in the completion of
this dissertation, all the Professors of School of Communication Studies and in particular Dr.
Mohanmeet Khosla for giving me invaluable guidance at every step.
My special thanks to the respondents for talking out time to fill the questionnaire and for
giving inputs to enrich my work, it helped me to better understand the premise of my
research and to build my on my analysis.
(Tanya Gill)

CONTENTS
Chapters
Contents Page number
Abstract
Chapter I
Introduction
Chapter II
Review of Literature
Chapter III
Rationale
Chapter IV
Objectives
Chapter VI
Methodology
Chapter VII
Data Analysis and Presentations
Chapter VIII
Conclusion
Chapter IX
Limitations and Suggestions
Annexure
Anti Plagiarism Certificate

ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study is to understand the impact of selfies on Panjab University
students. The idea was to find out and understand the term selfie and to further elaborate on
the good, bad and the ugly about it.
For this purpose a sample size of 100 students of Panjab University were chosen from
various disciplines (Humanities, Social Sciences, Natural Sciences and Formal Sciences).
On the basis of this research, the aim was to find out why do youngsters click so many
selfies, how do selfies impact them and are selfies another name for self love.

CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
From ‘no one wants to take your picture’ to selfies.
Selfie is a recent phenomenon and was named the
Oxford Dictionary Word for the year 2013. According
to the oxford dictionary, “a photograph that one has
taken of oneself, typically one taken with a smartphone
or webcam and uploaded to a social media website.” It
was also brought to notice by the Oxford Dictionary
that the term ‘selfie’ increased by 17,000 percent in the
year 2013. However the selfie dates back to 1839,
where Robert Cornelius clicked a picture of himself,
using a different method. But the word selfie came to
being in 2002, with Nathan Hope (oxford dictionary), (the public domain review)
Over the years selfies have made quite a
strong ground. About 1 Million selfies
are clicked each day, in the 18-24 year
old demographic. About 75 % of the
population clicking selfies belong to the
age group of 18-24 years, the rest are
aged 65 and above. There are sites
sharing information on ‘how to have a
perfect selfie’, ‘the anatomy of a great
selfie’, ‘different poses for your selfie’.
New terms like koolfie, dentisfie,
rasturantfie, musclefie, cellfie, doublefie
and many more are doing the rounds.
Selfies have just become a culture, a ritual for many.
Robert Cornelius

Narcissism is defined as, “excessive interest in or admiration of oneself and one’s physical
appearance” by the oxford dictionary. According to Greek mythology, this term originated
after the name of a young man, Narcissus, who fell in love with his own image, reflected in
water. (oxford dictionary)
And just as Narcissus admired his beauty in the water, we the everyday selfie clickers gaze
into our devises, which have become our pool of water. Selfies are intrinsically narcissistic.
Flashing light on a new term, narcissistic selfies. Coping up in an age where your followers
and likes matter the most and help some stand out, narcissistic selfies have become a form of
acceptance. (trend hunter)
Some of the examples of selfies include Chris Cassidy’s space selfie, Ellen DeGeneres’ 2014
Academy Awards selfie, the selfie taken atthe memorial service of Nelson Mandela. (abc net)
With everybody having a camera phone it became really easy to click oneself, but this was
not enough later a selfie stick was introduced that helped click slefies without making you
look like a loner. (petapixel)
The next recent thing to hit the markets is the selfie shoe, this has taken the selfie obsession
to an all together new level. Now selfie lover can click selfies without carrying any extra
baggage like selfie sticks. (googleimages)
The study consists of a very recent phenomenon selfies. Selfie is a word that is known to all
and mostly everybody has experienced it but off recent it has been called an instrument of
narcissism. To elaborate on this various studies have been take up which include Oxford
English Dictionary’s Research, Selfie City (from City University of New York) Research, Pew
Research Centre, Time Magazine Research, Research of psychiatrist Dr David Veal, articles
that appeared in Forbes, Researches undertaken in University of North Florida, Jacksonville,
USA and Ohio State University.
The study aims at finding out the basic reasons as to why so many selfies are clicked and by
which age group and gender. The purpose is to determine certain characteristics of selfies.

The word selfie and the act of clicking a selfie have also taken a new turn as recently a
Panjab University fest names Agaaz 2015 had a competition named selfie competition which
invited participants to click slefies and submit them, the best selfie was to be announced a
winner. Mobile phones these day are inspired by t he selfie culture, Micromax introducexd its
new phone called the Selfie.
Selfies then and now…

CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
1. In November 2013, the Oxford English Dictionary confirmed that compared to previous
years, the usage of the word ‘selfie’ had increased by an eye catching percentage of 17,000.
To conclude this, the OED diligently went through all the stored structured set of texts. On an
average every month a total of 150 million words are collected and statistically analysed each
day to give out the new rising word of the year. And the word ‘selfie’ won and was declared
the word for that year. (abc net)
2. 656,000 selfies posted on instagram were collected by Selfie City (from City University of
New York) last December between 4th and 12th, which they further scrutinised to 1,000 from
5 different cities: Bangkok, Berlin, Moscow, New York and Sao Paulo. The team further
raked through the data to draw conclusions. While the research was on to understand the
patterns of how different people take selfies, different methods were put to use which also
included custom made software tools.
The findings were:
 Mood analysis reveals Bangkok (0.68) had more happier faces as compared to Moscow
(0.53)
 Women take more selfies as compared to men
 Average amount of head tilt for female respondents is 16.9°
 The median selfie age is 23.7 years
The result was different for the world selfie was never explored like this ever before, an
ambitious selfie-mapping project. (gigaom), (academia education ), (fast co design)
3. In March the Pew Research Centre stated that more than a Million Americans aging
between 18-34 years have shared their selfies. These rates decline for the older generation.
The study suggested that the younger generation was the one being involved in clicking more

selfies and the number of selfie clickers reduced as the age of the people increased. (blogs
lse)
4. The Time Magazine off recent released a ranking of the selfiest cities in the world.
The methodology used to rank the cities included downloading pictures tagged as selfies
from the instagram API in 2 sets dating from 28th February to 2nd of March 2014 and 3rd
March to 7th March 2014.
The findings were:
 Of the total sample, 28% of the selfies came from America.
 The majority of clicks were individual selfies.
 The top ranked city, Makati City and Pasig, Philippines had 258 selfie-takers per
100,000 people and the 10th city was George Town, Malaysia with 95 selfie takers per
100,000 people. (time magazine)
5. Scientists have linked Selfies to narcissism, addiction & mental illness, psychiatrist Dr
David Veal reveals, “Two out of three of all the patients who come to see me with Body
Dysmorphic Disorder since the rise of camera phones have a compulsion to repeatedly take
and post selfies on social media sites.” Danny Bowman a British student tried to commit
suicide after he failed to click a desired selfie. (true activists)

6. An article appeared in Forbes, ‘The 'Selfie': Mental Disorder Or Insight To Getting Better
Results?’ which stated that no credible number of people were turned off by the word selfie.
The PEW Research Center reported that 91 % of teenagers have taken a selfie so far.
(forbes)
7. University of North Florida, Jacksonville, USA framed a series of tests like a standard
narcissist questionnaire and rating of the profile pictures on facebook. The profile picture
being a very tangible aspect as every narcissist attracts attention and loves getting it. The
findings stated that men were more narcissists while women rated their pictures as more
attractive, glamorous and cool. (psychology today), (scrip )
8. Researchers at The Ohio State University, they put forward a question, to what extent do
you agree with this statement: “I am a narcissist.” (Note: The word “narcissist” means
egotistical, self-focused, and vain), to help recognise the narcissist around us. They believe
narcissists are proud of the fact that they are one, so they won’t deny.
9. “People who are willing to admit they are more narcissistic than others probably actually
are more narcissistic,” said Brad Bushman, co-author of the study and a professor of
communication and psychology at Ohio State University. The study reveals that men
taking a lot of selfies are prone to psychopathic tendencies. The study also concluded that
men taking and posting too many selfies are high scrorers on the scales of narcissism and
psychopathy. (ohio state university), (psych central)
10. The American Psychiatric Association (APA) has confirmed officially that taking
‘selfies’ is a mental disturbance. This disorder is known as “Selfitis” which means the a
compulsive obsessive desire to keep taking photos of one’s self and to keep posting the
same on social networking sites. And this is done to overcome the lack of self esteem and
to gain intimacy. Three levels of APA were determined, borderline selfitis, acute selfitis
and chronic selfitis. (apaorg)

CHAPTER III
RATIONALE
Selfie like another term has its positives and negatives. The very purpose to undertake this
topic is to understand why selfies are clicked and what are its impacts on the society.
28-year old David Strohm died on February 24 while trying to click himself with the sunset.
Similarly a teenage boy died of excessive bleeding when he slipped and injured his head. He
was clicking a selfie to participate in the “Selfie Game 2014”, which needed him to receive
likes on his picture. A teenager girl fell 30 feet to her death as she climbed on top of a
railway bridge to take a selfie. Such are the repercussions of selfies if it becomes an
obsession. To understand the effect of selfies on the students of Panjab University this study
was undertaken.

CHAPTER IV
OBJECTIVES
Aims:
1. To determine the demographics and psychographics of the respondents
2. To determine the frequency and nature of selfies taken
3. To determine association between demographics and frequency and the nature of taking
selfies
4. To determine association between psychographics and frequency of taking selfies
5. To study the rationale and process
6. To study the impact of taking selfies
Hypothesis:
H1.1. Gender affects the frequency of selfies one clicks
H1.2. Gender affects the number of selfies one clicks
H1.3. Gender affects the nature of selfies one clicks
H1.4.Age affects the frequency of selfies one clicks
H1.5. Age the number of selfies one clicks
H1.6. Age affects the nature of selfies one clicks
H2. Psychographics affect the number of selfies one clicks
H3. Selfie takers exhibit narcissist characteristics
H4. The impact of taking selfies is negative
Operational Definitions:

1. Nature of selfies: this includes the type of shot, here four types have been determined
namely head/face shot, body shot, shot with friends and shot with surroundings. Nature
also includes the type of selfie, whether the selfie is an individual selfie or a grop selfie.
2. Positive impact of selfies: this includes subsections like confidence and self esteem.
3. Negative impact of selfies: this includes subsections like conflicts, withdwral and relapse
and obsession.
4. Narcissistic characteristics: this includes questions to do with self love for instance do
you only upload selfies that are perfect, do you untag yourself from grop selfies where
you don’t look your best and do you edit your selfies.

CHAPTER V
METHODOLOGY
Research method: A cross sectional sample survey was conducted on the students of Panjab
University, Chandigarh. It covered students from various disciplines, Humanities, Social
Sciences, Natural Sciences, and Formal Sciences, perusing their courses varying from Under-
Graduate, Post-Graduate and Doctorate.
Sample size: the sample size taken for the study is 100 students of Panjab University.
Sampling procedure: non-probability sampling
Sample method: purposive sampling
Data collection: the data collection tool used for the study is a semi-structured questionnaire
consisting of both open ended and closed ended questions. Research techniques such as
rating scale and likert scales were also incorporated in the questionnaire itself.
Data presentation: tabular and graphical using Excel
Data analysis: descriptive statistics

CHAPTER VI
DATA ANALYSIS AND PRESENTATION
The population consisted of the students of Panjab University. The sample size taken was
100 students from various disciplines.
To determine the demographics and psychographics of the respondents
Table1 below talks about the sample size chosen.
Table 1 Age and Gender of the Respondents
16 to 18 19 to 21 22 to 24 25 to 27 28 and above Total
Male
respondents 10 8 15 10 3 46
Female
respondents 13 9 21 9 2 54
Total 23 17 37 19 5 100
The diagram represents the age of the respondents. The age of the respondents varied from
16 to 29 hence classes were formed (16-18, 19-21, 22-24, 25-27 and 28 and above). Out of
46 male respondents , 10 belonged to the category of 16 -18, 8 to the category of 19-21, 15 to
the category of 22-24 and 3 to the category of 28 and above respectively. Similarly out of 56
female respondents , 13 belonged to the category of 16-18, 9 to the category of 19-21, 21 to
the category of 22-24and 2 to the category of 28 and above.
Out of the total respondents, 29 belonged to the rural background, 53 to the urban
background and 18 to the rurban background.
44 respondents belonged to the joint family type and 56 belonged to the nuclear family type.
Out of the total population 98 respondents were single and 2 respondents were married.

86 respondents were full time students whereas 14 respondents were part time students. 31
respondents belonged to Humanities, 29 to Social Sciences, 21 to Natural Sciences and 19 to
Formal Sciences. Further 28 students belonged to the Under Graduate course, 63 belonged to
the Post Graduation course and were Doctorates.
On a scale of narcissistic traits ranging from 1 to 10, 8 rated themselves between 0 to 2, 19
rated themselves between 3 to 5, 36 rated themselves between 6 to 8 and 27 rated themselves
between 9 to 10.
On a scale of self esteem ranging from 1 to 10, 11 rated themselves between 0 to 2, 21 rated
themselves between 3 to 5, 51 rated themselves between 6 to 8 and 17 rated themselves
between 9 to 10.
On a scale of shyness ranging from 1 to 10, 29 rated themselves between 0 to 2, 48 rated
between 9 to 10.
On a scale of introvert ranging from 1 to 10, 31 rated themselves between 0 to 2, 36 rated
between 9 to 10.

To determine the frequency and nature of selfies taken
On account of how often the respondents click a selfie, 24 agreed to clicking selfies always,
58 agreed to clicking selfies frequently, 18 agreed to clicking selfies occasionally and none
agreed to never clicking a selfie.
On being asked the number of selfies clicked on an average in a day by a respondent, 27
agreed to clicking 0 to 2 selfies on an average in a day, 46 agreed to clicking 3 to 5 selfies on
an average in a day, 18 agreed to clicking 6 to 8 selfies on an average in a day and 9 agreed
to clicking more than 8 selfies on an average in a day.
Regarding the type of shot, 27 preferred clicking head/face shot, 9 preferred clicking body
shot, 29 preferred clicking shots with their surroundings and 35 preferred clicking shots with
their friends.
Regarding the type of selfie, 59 preferred clicking individual selfies and 41 preferred clicking
group selfies.
Regarding the type of emotion used in slefies, 6 preferred being angry, 8 preferred being in a
joyous mood, 2 preferred being sad, 22 preferred being disgusted, 45 preferred being
surprised and 17 preferred other emotions.

To determine association between demographics and frequency and the nature of
taking selfies
The data below specifies which gender clicks how many selfies on an average in a day.
Table 2 Gender and Frequency of Selfies
Always Frequently Occasionally Never Total
Male respondents 3 10 10 0 23
Female respondents 21 48 8 0 77
Total 24 58 18 0 100
Table2 states that out of the 100 respondents questioned, 24 respondents always clicked
selfies, out of which 3 were male respondents and 21 were female respondents , 58
respondents clicked selfies frequently, out of which 10 were male respondents and 48 were
female respondents , 18 respondents clicked selfies occasionally, out of which 10 were male
respondents and 8 were female respondents , and none of the respondents agreed to never
clicking a selfie.
It was found that female respondents clicked more selfies compared to male respondents.
Hence gender affects the frequency of selfies one clicks

The next statement dealt with was which gender clicks how many selfies on an average in a
day.
Table 3 Gender Affects the Number of Selfies One Clicks
0 to 2 3 to 5 6 to 8
more than
8 Total
Male
respondents 13 14 4 1 32
Female
Total 27 46 18 9 100
Table3 stated which gender clicks how many selfies on an average in a day. To simplify the
selfie count classes were formed (0-2, 3-5, 6-8 and more than 8). It was found that 27
respondents clicked 0 to 2 selfies in a day, out of which 13 were male respondents and 14
were female respondents , 46 respondents clicked 3 to 5 selfies in a day, out of which 4 were
male respondents and 14 were female respondents and 9 respondents clicked more than 8
selfies in a day, out of which 1 was a male and 8 were female respondents .
It was found that female respondents clicked more selfies in a day compared to male
respondents. Hence gender affects the number of selfies one clicks

Further to determine which type of shot is preferred by which gender, shots were classifies
into four types, head shot, body shot, shot with surroundings and a shot with friends.
Table 4 Gender Affects the Nature of Selfies One Clicks
Head/face
shot
Body
shot
You with your
surroundings
You with
your
friends Total
Male
Female
Total 27 9 29 35 100
Table 4 states that 27 respondents prefer head/face shots, out of which 15 were male
respondents and 12 were female respondents , 9 respondents prefer body shots, out of which
5 were male respondents and 4 were female respondents , 29 respondents prefer getting
clicked with their surroundings, out of which 11 were male respondents and 18 were female
respondents and 35 respondents prefer getting clicked with their friends, out of which 13
were male respondents and 22 were female respondents .
It was found that male respondents prefer head/face shots and body shots whereas female
respondents prefer shots with their surroundings and friends.

The next question dealt with was what kind of selfie is preferred by which gender. For this
two kinds of selfies were determined, individual selfies and group selfies.
Chart 1 Gender Affects the Nature of Selfies One Clicks
Chart 1 stated that 19 male respondents preferred individual selfies and 27 preferred group
selfies on the other hand 40 female respondents preferred individual selfies and 14 preferred
group selfies.
On the whole male respondents prefer group selfies and female respondents prefer individual
selfies. Hence gender affects the nature of selfies one clicks.
19
40
27
14
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Males Respondents Females Respondents
Individual selfie Group selfie

Emotions are quite evident in everybody’s pictures. The next question that arose was which
gender uses which emotion the most while clicking their selfies.
Chart 2 Gender Affects the Nature of Selfies One Clicks
Chart 2 states that 6 respondents preferred the emotion of anger while they clicked their
selfies, out of which 4 were male respondents and 2 were female respondents , 8 respondents
clicked a selfie with joyous expressions, out of which 3 were male respondents and 5 were
female respondents , 2 respondents prefer being sad, both the respondents were female
respondents , 22 respondents prefer the emotion of disgust, out of which 19 were male
respondents and 3 were female respondents , 45 respondents prefer being surprised while
clicking selfies, out of which 14 were male respondents and 31 were female respondents
and the other 17 respondents choose the option of other which included emo, pout, etc., out
of which 6 were male respondents and 11 were female respondents .
It was found out that male respondents choose to click selfies with the emotion of disgust
whereas female respondents chose to be surprised while clicking their selfies. Hence gender
affects the nature of selfies one clicks
4
2
3
5
0
2
19
3
14
31
6
11
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Male Respondents Female Respondents
Anger Joy Sadness Disgust Surprise Other

The data below specifies which age group clicks how many selfies on an average in a day.
Table 5 Age Affects the Number of Selfies One Clicks
0 to 2 3 to 5 6 to 8 more than 8 Total
16 to 18 6 4 9 5 24
19 to 21 1 12 2 3 18
22 to 24 10 24 2 1 37
25 to 27 10 6 5 0 21
Total 27 46 18 9 100
Table 5 states that the age category from 16 to 18 clicked 24 selfies on an average in a day,
out of which 6 clicked 0 to 2 selfies a day, 4 clicked 3 to 5selfies a day, 9 clciked 6 to 8
selfies a day and 5 clicked more than 8 selfies a day. The next age category 19 to 21 clicked
18 selfies a day, out of which 1clicked 0 to 2 selfies a day, 12 clicked 3 to 5selfies a day, 2
clciked 6 to 8 selfies a day and 3 clicked more than 8 selfies a day. The next age category 22
to 24 clciked 37 selfies on an average in a day, out of which 10 clicked 0 to 2 selfies a day,
24 clicked 3 to 5selfies a day, 1 clciked 6 to 8 selfies a day and 5 clicked more than 8 selfies
a day. The next age category from 25 to 27 clicked 21 selfies on an average in a day, out of
which 10 clicked 0 to 2 selfies a day, 6 clicked 3 to 5selfies a day, 5 clciked 6 to 8 selfies a
day and none clicked more than 8 selfies a day.
Respondents falling in the age category of 16 to 18 clicked more than 8 selfies on an average
in a day, respondents falling in the age category of 19 to 24 clicked 3 to 5 selfies on an
average in a day and respondents falling in the age category of 25 to 27 clicked 0 to 2 selfies
on an average in a day. Hence this stated that the maximum number of respondents clicked 3
to 5 selfies on an average in a day, falling in the age category of 22 to 24.
Hence age affects the number of selfies one clicks.

Age affects the nature of selfies one clicks, here the nature includes types of selfies,
individual selfies and group selfies.
Table 6 Age Affects the Nature of Selfies One Clicks
Individual selfie Group selfie Total
16 to 18 14 9 23
19 to 21 9 8 17
22 to 24 27 9 36
25 to 27 8 11 19
28 and above 1 4 5
Total 59 41 100
Table 6 specified that 59 respondents prefer clicking individual selfies, out of which 18
belonged to the age category of 16 to 18, 9 belonged to the category of 19 to 21, 17 belonged
to the category of 22 to 24, 13 belonged to the category of 25 to 27 and 2 belonged to the
catergory of 28 and above. The rest 41 respondents prefer clicking group selfies, out of
which 5 belonged to the age category of 16 to 18, 8 belonged to the category of 19 to 21, 19
belonged to the category of 22 to 24, 6 belonged to the category of 25 to 27 and 3 belonged
to the category of 28 and above.
Respondents falling in the age category of 16 to 24 preferred individual selfies where as the
respondents falling in the age category of 25and above preferred group selfies.
It was found out that respondents preferred individual selfies more. The maximum
respondents clicking individual selfies belonged to the age category of 22 to 24.
Hence age affects the nature of selfies one clicks.

The next question dealt with the emotion that is widely used by different age groups and
which age category uses which emotion the most.
Table 7 Age Affects the Nature of Selfies One Clicks
Anger Joy Sadness Disgust Surprise Other Total
16 to 18 4 2 1 4 4 8 23
19 to 21 0 2 0 6 5 4 17
22 to 24 1 1 1 9 19 5 36
25 to 27 1 2 0 2 14 0 19
28 and above 0 1 0 1 3 0 5
Total 6 8 2 22 45 17 100
Table 7 states that a total of 6 respondents preferred the emotion of anger while clicking their
selfies, out of which 4 fell in the age category of 16 to 18, 1 fell in the category of 22 to 24
and 1 fell in the category of 25 to 27. 8 respondents preferred a joyous emotion while
clicking their selfies, out of which 2 fell in the age category of 16 to 18, 2 fell in the age
category of 19 to 21, 1 fell in the age category of 22 to 24, 2 fell in the age category of 25 to
27 and 1 fell into the age category of 28 and above. 2 respondents preferred being clicked
sad, out of which 1 fell in the age category of 16 to 18 and 1 fell in the age category of 22 to
24. 22 respondents preferred being clicked with the emotion of disgust, out of which 4 fell in
the age category of 16 to 18, 6 fell in the age category of 19 to 21, 9 fell in the age category
of 22 to 24, 2 fell in the age category of 25 to 27 and 1 fell into the age category of 28 and
above. 45 respondents preferred a the emotion of surprise while clicking their selfies, out of
which 4 fell in the age category of 16 to 18, 5 fell in the age category of 19 to 21, 19 fell in
the age category of 22 to 24, 14 fell in the age category of 25 to 27 and 3 fell into the age
category of 28 and above. The rest 17 respondents fell in the category of others. The emotion
that is used mostly by the respondents to get their selfies clicked is that of surprise, the
maximum falling under the category of 22 to 24. Hence age affects the number of selfies one
clicks.

To determine association between psychographics and frequency of taking selfies
The table tells how many selfies do respondents with different psychographic traits click on an
average in a day.
Table 8 Psychographics and the Number of Selfies One Clicks
0 to 2 3 to 5 6 to 8 9 to 10
M F M F M F M F
Narcissism 5 3 11 8 13 33 17 10
Self
esteem
5 6 2 19 28 23 11 6
Shyness 13 11 22 26 10 13 1 4
Introvert 12 19 21 15 11 14 2 6
In table 8, on a scale of 1 to 10 the respondents were asked to rate themselves on
psychographics such as narcissism, self esteem, shyness, introvert. For this the scale was
grouped into categories such as 0 to 2, 3 to 5, 6 to 8 and 9 to 10.
On the scale of narcissism, 8 respondents marked themselves between 0 to 2, out of which 5
were male respondents and 3 were female respondents , 19 respondents marked themselves
between 3 to 5, out of which 11 were male respondents and 8 were female respondents , 46
respondents marked themselves between 6 to 8, out of which 13 were male respondents and
33 were female respondents and 27 respondents marked themselves between 9 to 10, out of
which 17 were male respondents and 10 were female respondents . More women have
marked themselves between the scale 6 to 8 and more men have marked themselves between
the scale 9 to 10. On the whole female respondents are more narcissists.
On the scale of self esteem, 11 respondents marked themselves between 0 to 2, out of which
5 were male respondents and 6 were female respondents , 21 respondents marked
themselves between 3 to 5, out of which 2 were male respondents and 19 were female

respondents , 51 respondents marked themselves between 6 to 8, out of which 28 were male
respondents and 23 were female respondents and 17 respondents marked themselves
between 9 to 10, out of which 11 were male respondents and 6 were female respondents .
Both male respondents and female respondents have marked themselves between the scale of
6 to 8. On the whole male respondents have more self esteem.
On the scale of shyness, 24 respondents marked themselves between 0 to 2, out of which 13
were male respondents and 11 were female respondents, 48 respondents marked themselves
which 1 was male and 4 were female respondents . Both male respondents and female
respondents have marked themselves between the scale of 3 to 5. On the whole female
respondents are more shy.
On the scale of introvert, 31 respondents marked themselves between 0 to 2, out of which 12
were male respondents and 19 were female respondents , 36 respondents marked themselves
which 2 were male respondents and 6 were female respondents . Male respondents have
marked themselves between the scale of 3 to 5 whereas female respondents have marked
themselves between the scale of 0 to 2. On the whole female respondents are introvert
compared to the male respondents .

To study the rationale and process
The table here specifies as to why people click selfies.
Table 9 Why Do People Click Selfies
Boredom Peer
pressure
To attract
attention
I love
clicking
myself
To
message/
upload
To boost
confidence
Band
wagon
effect
Others
Male
respondents
4 3 2 17 9 9 1 1
Female
respondents
13 0 3 21 12 2 0 2
Total 17 3 5 39 21 11 1 3
Table 9 states that 17 respondents clicked selfies due to boredom, out of which 4 were male
respondents and 13 were female respondents , 3 respondents clicked selfies due to peer
pressure, out of which all were male respondents , 5 respondents clicked selfies to attract
attention, out of which 2were male respondents and 3 were female respondents , 39
respondents clicked selfies due to self love, out of which 17 were male respondents and 21
were female respondents , 21 respondents clicked selfies to message or upload them, out of
which 9 were male respondents and 12 were female respondents , 11 respondents clicked
selfies to boost their confidence, out of which 9 were male respondents and 2 were female
respondents , 1 male respondent clicked selfies due to the band wagon effect, and 3
respondents clicked selfies due to other reasons, out of which 1 was male and 2 were female
respondents . On the whole both male respondents and female respondents clicked selfies
due to self love, they love clicking themselves. Hence selfie takers exhibit narcissist
characteristics.

This chart specifies as to what do people do with the selfies they click
Table 10 What Do You Do With Selfies That You Click
Post them on social
networking sites
Message
them
Keep them in your
personal collection Others
Male respondents 11 22 6 0
Female respondents 15 31 13 2
Total 26 53 19 2
Table 10 states what people usually do with the selfies they click, do they post them on social
networking sites (facebook, twitter, instagram, etc.), them through instant messaging aps
(viber, whatsapp, etc.) or do they keep them in your personal collection.
26 respondents believe in posting their selfies on social networking sites, out of which 11 are
male respondents and 15 are female respondents , 53 respondents believe in sharing their
selfies through instant messaging, out of which 22 are male respondents and 31 are female
respondents , 19 respondents believe in keeping their selfies in their personal collection, out
of which 6 were male respondents and 13 were female respondents and the rest 2 female
respondents believed in others.
On the whole both male respondents and female respondents mostly share their selfies
through instant messaging sites.
Hence selfie takers exhibit narcissist characteristics.

This chart talks about the basic reactions of people to their selfies. This has three questions to
it, do you occasionally upload the selfies which are perfect, do you edit your selfies before
uploading them and do you untag yourself from a group selfie if you are not looking your
best.
Table 11 Peoples Reaction to Their Selfies
Yes Sometimes No
Male
responden
ts
Female
respondents
Male
respondent
Female
responde
nts
Male
respond
ents
Female
responde
nts
You upload selfies that
are perfect 25 36 0 0 21 18
You edit your selfies
before uploading 12 23 26 27 8 4
You untag yourself from
a group selfie where you
don’t look your best 2 20 36 33 8 1
In table 11, the statement “Do you occasionally upload the selfies which are perfect”, 61
respondents answered yes, out of which 25 were male respondents and 36 were female
respondents , 39 respondents answered no, out of which 21 were male respondents and a8
were female respondents . Both male respondents and female respondents occasionally
upload selfies which are perfect. Female respondents are more involved in the act as
compare to men.
The statement “Do you edit your selfies before uploading them”, 35 respondents answered
yes, out of which 12 were male respondents and 23 were female respondents , 53
respondents answered sometimes, out of which 26 were male respondents and 27 were
female respondents , 12 respondents answered no, out of which 8 were male respondents and
4 were female respondents . Both male respondents and female respondents agree to edit

their selfies sometimes before uploading them. Female respondents edit their selfies more as
compared to men.
The statement “Do you untag yourself from a group selfie if you are not looking your best”,
22 respondents answered yes, out of which 2 were male respondents and 20 were female
respondents , 69 respondents answered sometimes, out of which 36 were male respondents
and 33 were female respondents , 9 respondents answered no, out of which 8 were male
respondents and 1 were female respondents . Both male respondents and female
respondents agree to untag their selfies sometimes if they don’t look their best.
Hence selfie takers exhibit narcissist characteristics.

To study the impact of taking selfies
To understand the good and bad impacts of selfies on people, various categories of impacts
were formulated, selfie as an obsession, selfie helping gain confidence, the withdrawal and
relapse of selfies and selfies and conflicts.
Some questions were framed keeping in mind the key words selfie and obsession. These
questions helped analyse whether which gender was selfie obsessive.
Table 12 Selfies and Obsession
Strongly
agree
Agree Uncertain Disagree Strongly
disagree
M F M F M F M F M F
I create occasions to take more
selfies 0 6 12 39 6 2 26 6 2 1
Everything I do I imagine it as a
selfie 4 5 13 33 8 1 18 13 3 2
I spend some time before a mirror
before I click a selfie 8 4 23 31 0 0 12 10 3 9
Clicking selfies are a ritual
everytime I go out 9 12 14 35 0 0 13 5 10 2
My mood is altered by the no. of
likes and comments my selfie
receives 2 29 13 15 5 1 11 8 15 1
Table 12 dealt with five questions, I create occasions to take more selfies, everything I do I
imagine it as a selfie, I spend some time before a mirror before I click a selfie, alicking
selfies are a ritual everytime I go out and my mood is altered by the no. of likes and
comments my selfie receives.

To the statement “I create occasions to take more selfies”, 6 respondents strongly agreed, 52
respondents agreed, out of which 12 were male respondents and 39 were female respondents,
8 respondents were uncertain, out of which 6 were male respondents and 2 were female
respondents , 32 respondents disagreed, out of which 26 were male respondents and 6 were
female respondents and 3 respondents strongly disagreed, out of which 2 were male
respondents and 1 was a female. More female respondents agreed to the above statement
whereas the male respondents disagreed.
To the statement “Everything I do I imagine it as a selfie”, 9 respondents strongly agreed, out
of which 4 were male respondents and 5 were female respondents , 46 respondents agreed,
out of which 13 were male respondents and 33 were female respondents , 9 respondents
were uncertain, out of which 8 were male respondents and 1 were female respondents , 31
respondents disagreed, out of which 18 were male respondents and 13 were female
respondents and 5 respondents strongly disagreed, out of which 3 were male respondents
and 2 was a female. More female respondents agreed to the above statement whereas the
male respondents disagreed.
To the statement “I spend some time before a mirror before I click a selfie” 12 respondents
strongly agreed, out of which 8 were male respondents and 4 were female respondents , 54
respondents agreed, out of which 23 were male respondents and 31 were female respondents
, none of respondents were uncertain, 22 respondents disagreed, out of which 12 were male
respondents and 10 were female respondents and 9 respondents strongly disagreed, out of
which 3 were male respondents and 9 was a female. More female respondents agreed to the
above statement whereas the male respondents disagreed.
To the statement “Clicking selfies are a ritual every time I go out” 21 respondents strongly
agreed, out of which 9 were male respondents and 12 were female respondents, 49
respondents agreed, out of which 14 were male respondents and 35 were female respondents,
none of respondents were uncertain, 18 respondents disagreed, out of which 13 were male
respondents and 5 were female respondents and 12 respondents strongly disagreed, out of
which 10 were male respondents and 2 was a female. More female respondents agreed to the
above statement whereas the male respondents disagreed.

To the statement “My mood is altered by the number of likes and comments my selfie
receives” 31 respondents strongly agreed, out of which 2 were male respondents and 29
were female respondents , 28 respondents agreed, out of which 13 were male respondents
and 15 were female respondents , 6 respondents were uncertain, out of which 5 were male
respondents and 1 were female respondents , 19 respondents disagreed, out of which 11
were male respondents and 8 were female respondents and 16 respondents strongly
disagreed, out of which 15 were male respondents and 1 was a female. More female
respondents strongly agreed to the above statement whereas the male respondents strongly
disagreed.
Hence selfies are obsessive, which is a negative trait.

Some questions were framed keeping in mind the key words selfie and confidence.
Table 13 Selfies and Confidence
Strongly
agree
disagree
M F M F M F M F M F
Selfies empower me 3 11 28 40 2 0 10 2 3 2
Selfies help create a narrative 14 15 13 33 1 1 10 2 8 3
Selfies have increased my admirers 2 6 24 39 0 1 15 4 5 4
Initially I thought I would be judged
but selfies are normal accepted
behaviour now 2 0 23 40 6 2 6 6 3 6
I take selfies only when I look good 9 13 13 36 1 0 15 4 8 1
I read online about how to take the
perfect selfie 0 2 11 18 14 1 18 13 3 20
Table 12 above dealt with six questions, selfies empower me, selfies help create a narrative,
selfies have increased my admirers, initially I thought I would be judged but selfies are
normal accepted behaviour now, I take selfies only when I look good, I take selfies only
when I look good, I read online about how to take the perfect selfie.
To the statement “I Selfies empower me”, 14 respondents strongly agreed, out of which 3
were male respondents and 11 were female respondents , 68 respondents agreed, out of
which 28 were male respondents and 40 were female respondents , 2 respondents were
uncertain, out of which both were male respondents , 12 respondents disagreed, out of which
10 were male respondents and 2 were female respondents and 5 respondents strongly
disagreed, out of which 3 were male respondents and 2 was a female. Majority of the male
respondents and female respondents agreed to the above statement.

To the statement “Selfies help create a narrative”, 29 respondents strongly agreed, out of
which 14 were male respondents and 15 were female respondents , 46 respondents agreed,
out of which 13 were male respondents and 33 were female respondents , 2 respondents
were uncertain, out of which 1 was a male and 1 was a female, 12 respondents disagreed, out
of which 10 were male respondents and 2 were female respondents and 11 respondents
strongly disagreed, out of which 8 were male respondents and 3 was a female. Majority of
the male respondents and female respondents agreed to the above statement.
To the statement “Selfies have increased my admirers”, 8 respondents strongly agreed, out of
which 2 were male respondents and 6 were female respondents , 63 respondents agreed, out
of which 24 were male respondents and 39 were female respondents , 1 male respondent was
uncertain, 19 respondents disagreed, out of which 15 were male respondents and 4 were
respondents and 4 was a female. Majority of the male respondents and female respondents
agreed to the above statement.
To the statement “Initially I thought I would be judged but selfies are normal accepted
behaviour now”, 2 respondents strongly agreed, both were male respondents , 69 respondents
agreed, out of which 29 were male respondents and 40 were female respondents , 8
respondents was uncertain, out of which 6 were male respondents and 2 were female
respondents 12 respondents disagreed, out of which 6 were male respondents and 6 were
respondents and 6 were female respondents . Majority of the male respondents and female
respondents agreed to the above statement.
To the statement “I take selfies only when I look good”, 22 respondents strongly agreed, 9
were male respondents and 13 were female respondents , 49 respondents agreed, out of
which 13 were male respondents and 36 were female respondents , 1 male respondent was
uncertain, 19 respondents disagreed, out of which 15 were male respondents and 4 were
respondents and 1 were female respondents . More female respondents agreed to the above
statement whereas the male respondents disagreed.

To the statement “I read online about how to take the perfect selfie”, 2 respondents strongly
agreed, both were female respondents , 29 respondents agreed, out of which 11 were male
respondents and 18 were female respondents , 15 male respondent was uncertain, out of
which 14 were male respondents and 1 was a female, 31 respondents disagreed, out of which
18 were male respondents and 13 were female respondents and 23 respondents strongly
disagreed, out of which 3 were male respondents and 20 were female respondents . More
female respondents agreed to the above statement whereas the male respondents disagreed.
Hence selfies help gain confidence, which is a positive trait.

Withdrawal from and relapse of selfies conveyed that people tried to get rid of their selfie
habit, many succeeded but many retrieved back to clicking selfies. The table above dealt with
two questions, I have tried to reduce my tendency to always think in terms of a selfie and I
am unable to overcome clicking a lot of selfies.
Table 14 Withdrawal From and Relapse of Selfies
Strongly
agree
disagree
M F M F M F M F M F
Tried to reduce thinking in terms
of a selfie
2 10 12 19 10 8 16 12 6 5
Unable to overcome clicking
selfies
3 15 15 24 9 3 18 10 1 2
In the table 14 to the statement “I have tried to reduce my tendency to always think in terms
of a selfie”, 12 respondents strongly agreed, out of which 2 were male respondents and 10
were female respondents , 31 respondents agreed, out of which 12 were male respondents
and 19 were female respondents , 18 respondents were uncertain, out of which 10 was a male
and 8 was a female, 28 respondents disagreed, out of which 16 were male respondents and
12 were female respondents and 11 respondents strongly disagreed, out of which 6 were
male respondents and 5 was a female. More female respondents agreed to the above
statement whereas the male respondents disagreed.
To the statement “I am unable to overcome clicking a lot of selfies”, 18 respondents strongly
agreed, out of which 3 were male respondents and 15 were female respondents , 39
respondents agreed, out of which 15 were male respondents and 24 were female
respondents, 12 respondents were uncertain, out of which 9 was a male and 3 were female
respondents, 28 respondents disagreed, out of which 18 were male respondents and 10 were
female respondents and 3 respondents strongly disagreed, out of which 1 was a male and2
was a female. More female respondents agreed to the above statement whereas the male
respondents disagreed. Hence selfies are addictive, which is a negative trait.

In a group selfie if one person might look good and the other night not leading to forceful
deletion of selfies, causing conflicts. These statements help analyse whether selfies create
conflicts or not.
Table 15 Selfies and Conflicts
Strongly
agree
disagree
M F M F M F M F M F
I pester friends to delete group
slefies where I don’t look good
0 12 4 32 0 2 23 5 19 3
My group avoids me because of
my selfie habit
0 5 9 14 1 11 17 22 19 2
Table 15 dealt with two questions, I pester my friends to delete group selfies where I don’t
look my best and my group avoids me because of my selfie habit. To the statement “I pester
my friends to delete group selfies where I don’t look my best”, 12 respondents strongly
agreed, out of which all were female respondents , 36 respondents agreed, out of which 4
were male respondents and 32 were female respondents , 2 respondents were uncertain, out
of which both were female respondents , 28 respondents disagreed, out of which 23 were
male respondents and 5 were female respondents and 22 respondents strongly disagreed, out
of which 19 were male respondents and 3 was a female. More female respondents agreed to
the above statement whereas the male respondents disagreed.
To the statement “My group avoids me because of my selfie habit”, 5 respondents strongly
agreed, out of which all were female respondents, 23 respondents agreed, out of which 9
were male respondents and 14 were female respondents , 12 respondents were uncertain, out
of which 1 was a male and 11 were female respondents , 39 respondents disagreed, out of
which 17 were male respondents and 22 were female respondents and 21 respondents
strongly disagreed, out of which 19 were male respondents and 2 was a female. More female
respondents agreed to the above statement whereas the male respondents disagreed. Hence
selfies raise conflicts, which is a negative trait.

CHAPTER VII
CONCLUSION
Based on the study it can be conclusively said that demographics like age and gender affects
the number of selfies one clicks. Be it a behavioral change, peer pressure or the the band
wagon effect, everybody has experienced selfies. They are the new in and gender and age do
play a vital role in it. This is evident from the data collected that more female respondents
are involved in clicking selfies anytime, anywhere.
In the study, none of the respondents claimed to have never clicked a selfie and this is
leading to a behavioral change which can be positive or negative.
In the study more than half of the female respondents claimed to click selfies frequently that
is 3 to 5 selfies on an average in a day and the type of shot they prefer is they getting clicked
with their friends. The most common emotions used by female respondents is surprise
whereas maled preferred the emotion of disgust.
The maximum number of selfies that is 3 to 5 clicked on an average in a day is by the age
category of 22 to 24. More respondents falling in the age category of 22 to 24 prefer clicking
more individual selfies compared to group selfies. The most common emotion used by all the
age categories was surprise.
Female respondents agree to being more obsessed with selfies as compared to the male
respondents . Majority of the male respondents and female respondents agreed that selfies
have boosted their confidence. More female respondents agreed to have given a try to
overcome their selfie habits but eventually failed. More female respondents agreed to selfies
leadings to conflicts and confussions in relationships.
On the whole female respondents are more narcissists. Male respondents are high on self
esteem as compared to female respondents . On the scale of shyness and introvert, female
respondents took the lead.

People click selfies due to self love, they love clicking themselves and the selfies that they
click, and they usually share them on instant messaging. More female respondents upload
the selfie that
are perfect. Female respondents edit their selfies more as compared to male respondents.
Both male respondents and female respondents untag themselves from group selfies if they
don’t look their best.
Over all it was found that gender affects the frequency, number and nature of selfies one
cklicks. Age affects the number and nature of selfies one clicks. Psychographics affect the
number of selfies one clicks. Selfie takers exhibit narcissist characteristics. The impact of
taking selfies is negative

CHAPTER VIII
LIMITATIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
 The topic of my study is of great interest to everybody in today’s times but the number of
male respondents to female respondents were 46:54.
 The study does not take into account the economic factors into consideration which might
have yield interesting observations.
 Due to shortage of time the sample chosen for this study comprised 100 respondents of
the Panjab University.
 Sample size may not be true representation of the universe.
 There is a possibility of false information being supplied by the respondents which is
beyond the researcher’s control.

REFERENCES AND BIBLIOGRAPHY
Bibliography
(n.d.).Retrievedfrom forbes:http://www.forbes.com/sites/davidsturt/2014/04/29/the-selfie-mental-
disorder-or-insight-to-getting-better-results/
abc net.(n.d.).Retrievedfromhttp://www.abc.net.au/science/articles/2014/08/12/4065062.htm
academia education.(n.d.).Retrievedfrom
https://www.academia.edu/6842204/CREATIVE_SELFIE_THE_CONCEPT_OF_SELF_AND_BODY
academia education .(n.d.).Retrievedfrom
https://www.academia.edu/6626658/SOCIAL_RESEARCH_AND_PROJECTS_ON_SELFIE
apaorg.(n.d.).Retrievedfromhttp://www.apa.org/
blogslse. (n.d.).Retrievedfromhttp://blogs.lse.ac.uk/library/2014/07/03/research-resources-on-the-
selfie-a-global-phenomenon/
fastco design.(n.d.).Retrievedfromhttp://www.fastcodesign.com/3026620/russians-are-miserable-
and-brazilians-love-to-smile-what-selfies-reveal-about-cultural-stere#3
gigaom.(n.d.).Retrievedfromhttps://gigaom.com/2014/02/19/everything-you-ever-wanted-to-know-
about-the-selfie-visualized/
googleimages.(n.d.).Retrievedfrom
https://www.google.co.in/search?q=selfie+shoe&es_sm=93&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ei=
rmRAVY_AGNSWuATMg4HoDw&ved=0CAcQ_AUoAQ&biw=1366&bih=667
ohio state university.(n.d.).Retrievedfromhttp://www.elevenwarriors.com/the-ohio-state-
university/2014/08/38323/find-out-if-youre-a-narcissist-by-answering-this-one-question
oxford dictionary.(n.d.).Retrievedfromoxforddictionaryblog:
http://blog.oxforddictionaries.com/press-releases/oxford-dictionaries-word-of-the-year-2013/
petapixel.(n.d.).Retrievedfromhttp://petapixel.com/2015/04/28/this-selfie-stick-is-arm-shaped-to-
make-you-look-less-like-a-loner/
psych central.(n.d.).Retrievedfromhttp://psychcentral.com/news/2014/08/06/it-takes-just-one-
question-to-identify-narcissism/73260.html
psychology today.(n.d.).Retrievedfromhttp://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/keep-it-in-
mind/201405/selfies-facebook-and-narcissism-whats-the-link

scrip . (n.d.).Retrievedfrom
http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=45214#.VEeCFCKUdv_
the public domain review.(n.d.).Retrievedfromhttp://publicdomainreview.org/collections/robert-
cornelius-self-portrait-the-first-ever-selfie-1839/
time magazine.(n.d.).Retrievedfromhttp://time.com/selfies-cities-world-rankings/
trend hunter.(n.d.).Retrievedfrom http://www.trendhunter.com/slideshow/examples-of-narcissistic-
selfies
true activists.(n.d.).Retrievedfromhttp://www.trueactivist.com/scientists-link-selfies-to-narcissism-
addiction-mental-illness/
Works Cited
(n.d.).Retrieved fromforbes:http://www.forbes.com/sites/davidsturt/2014/04/29/the-selfie-mental-
disorder-or-insight-to-getting-better-results/
abc net.(n.d.).Retrievedfromhttp://www.abc.net.au/science/articles/2014/08/12/4065062.htm
academia education.(n.d.).Retrievedfrom
https://www.academia.edu/6842204/CREATIVE_SELFIE_THE_CONCEPT_OF_SELF_AND_BODY
academia education .(n.d.).Retrievedfrom
https://www.academia.edu/6626658/SOCIAL_RESEARCH_AND_PROJECTS_ON_SELFIE
apaorg.(n.d.).Retrievedfromhttp://www.apa.org/
blogslse. (n.d.).Retrievedfromhttp://blogs.lse.ac.uk/library/2014/07/03/research-resources-on-the-
selfie-a-global-phenomenon/
fastco design.(n.d.).Retrievedfromhttp://www.fastcodesign.com/3026620/russians-are-miserable-
and-brazilians-love-to-smile-what-selfies-reveal-about-cultural-stere#3
gigaom.(n.d.).Retrievedfromhttps://gigaom.com/2014/02/19/everything-you-ever-wanted-to-know-
about-the-selfie-visualized/
googleimages.(n.d.).Retrievedfrom
https://www.google.co.in/search?q=selfie+shoe&es_sm=93&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ei=
rmRAVY_AGNSWuATMg4HoDw&ved=0CAcQ_AUoAQ&biw=1366&bih=667
ohio state university.(n.d.).Retrievedfromhttp://www.elevenwarriors.com/the-ohio-state-
university/2014/08/38323/find-out-if-youre-a-narcissist-by-answering-this-one-question

oxford dictionary.(n.d.).Retrievedfromoxforddictionaryblog:
http://blog.oxforddictionaries.com/press-releases/oxford-dictionaries-word-of-the-year-2013/
petapixel.(n.d.).Retrievedfromhttp://petapixel.com/2015/04/28/this-selfie-stick-is-arm-shaped-to-
make-you-look-less-like-a-loner/
psych central.(n.d.).Retrievedfromhttp://psychcentral.com/news/2014/08/06/it-takes-just-one-
question-to-identify-narcissism/73260.html
psychology today.(n.d.).Retrievedfromhttp://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/keep-it-in-
mind/201405/selfies-facebook-and-narcissism-whats-the-link
scrip . (n.d.).Retrievedfrom
http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=45214#.VEeCFCKUdv_
the public domain review.(n.d.).Retrievedfromhttp://publicdomainreview.org/collections/robert-
cornelius-self-portrait-the-first-ever-selfie-1839/
time magazine.(n.d.).Retrievedfromhttp://time.com/selfies-cities-world-rankings/
trend hunter.(n.d.).Retrievedfromhttp://www.trendhunter.com/slideshow/examples-of-narcissistic-
selfies
true activists.(n.d.).Retrievedfromhttp://www.trueactivist.com/scientists-link-selfies-to-narcissism-
addiction-mental-illness/

QUESTIONNAIRE
A. Demographics
A1. Age _____________________________ (in years)
A2. Gender Female Male
A3. Background Urban Rurban Rural
A4. Family type Nuclear Joint
A4. Marital status Married Single
A5. Family income _____________________________ (monthly INR)
A6. Occupation Full time student Part time student
A7. Discipline Humanities Social Natural Formal
Sciences Sciences Sciences
A8. Programme Under Graduate Post Graduate Doctorate
B. Psychographics
On a scale of 01 to 10, rate the following psychological characteristics in you (01 being lowest
measure of it)
B1. Narcissism _____________
B2. Self esteem _____________
B3. Shyness _____________
B4. Introvert _____________
C. Frequency and Nature
C1. How often do you click selfies?
Always Frequently Occasionally Never
C2. How many selfies do you click on an average in a day?
0-2 3-5 6-8 more than 8

C3. Which type of shot do you mostly prefer while taking your selfies?
Head/face shot You with your surroundings
Body shot You with your friends
C4. What do you prefer
Group selfies Individual selfies
C5. Which emotion is constant in all your selfies?
Anger Joy
Sadness Disgust
Surprise Others (please mention) __________________________
D. Rationale and Process
D1. Why do you click a selfie?
Due to boredom To message or upload it
Peer pressure To boost my confidence
To attract attention the brand wagon effect
I love clicking myself Others (please mention) __________________________
D2. Do you occasionally upload the selfies which are perfect?
Yes No
D3. What do you prefer doing with your selfies?
Post them on social networking sites (facebook, twitter, instagram, etc.)
Send them through instant messaging aps (viber, whatsapp, etc.)
Keep them in your personal collection
Others (please mention) _________________________________________
D4. Do you edit your selfies before uploading them?
Yes Sometimes No
D5. Do you untag yourself from a group selfie if you are not looking your best?
Yes Sometimes No

E. Impact
Express you agreement/disagreement with the following statements. Answer keeping in mind the
effect of selfes on you.
Strongly Agree Uncertain Disagree Strongly
Agree Disagree
E1. Selfies empower me
E2. I create occasions to take more selfies
E3. I usually spend more time taking
selfies than I intend to
E4. Everything I do I imagine it as a selfie
E5. Initially I thought I would be judged
for taking selfies but now it is an
accepted normal behavior.
E6. I pester my friends to delete a group
selfie where I am not looking good
E7. I read online about how to take
the perfect selfies
E8. I take selfies only when I look good
E9. Selfies help me control the way others
think of me
E10. Selfies have helped me create a
narrative through images
E11. Selfies mold the way I perceive
things
E12. I spend some time before a mirror
before I click a selfie
E13. Clicking selfies has increased my
admirers
E14. It is a ritual for me to click a selfie
every time I go out somewhere

E15. My mood is altered depending on the
number of likes and comments my
selfie receives
E16. My group avoids me because of my
selfie habit
E17. I have tried to reduce my tendency to
always think in terms of a selfie
E18. I am unable to overcome clicking a
lot of selfies
E19. I am ridiculed for my selfie habit
F1. What is your take on selfies? _________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

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