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Phylum-Echinodermata1.ppt
- 2. Phylum Echinodermata 2 Phylum Echinodermata Defining Characteristics – A complex series of fluid filled canals with numerous flexible feeding and locomotory appendages – 5 pointed radial symmetry in adult
- 3. Phylum Echinodermata 3 Echinoderms Skeleton Have an internal skeleton of calcium carbonate – Ossicles vary in size and structure and are manufactured by specialized cells Feeding biology?
- 4. Phylum Echinodermata 4 Water vascular system A separate coelom is used with interconnecting fluid filled tubes and canals A ring canal circles the mouth and gives off 5 radial canals The radial canal is exposed and runs along the ambulacral groove
- 5. Phylum Echinodermata 5 Water Vascular System
- 6. Phylum Echinodermata 6 Tube Feet The ampullae is a small ball that sits above the tube foot Contraction and expansion of the ampulla accomplishes movement
- 7. Phylum Echinodermata 7 Mutable Connective Tissue Another unique Echinodermata characteristic is the presence of mutable connective tissue
- 8. Phylum Echinodermata 8 Taxonomic Summary Phylum Echinodermata – Class Crinoidea – Class Concentricycloidea – Class Stelleroidea Subclass Asteroidea Subclass Ophiuroidea – Class Echinoidea – Class Holothuroidea
- 10. Phylum Echinodermata 10 Sea Stars The oral surface of each arm has a single ambulacral groove Have a large coelom where all the main organs occur
- 11. Phylum Echinodermata 11 Sea Star Feeding Feed mainly on slow moving, sedentary, or sessile invertebrates Some species evert the stomach onto prey and digest externally, others swallow whole
- 12. Phylum Echinodermata 12 Pedicellariae Specialized pinchers found on the aboral surface.
- 13. Phylum Echinodermata 13 Reproduction Can reproduce asexually by disk division Sexual Reproduction – Dioecious with sperm or eggs produced in 2 or more gonads in each arm – Larval stage = bipinnaria
- 14. Phylum Echinodermata 14 Regeneration Many species autotomize, leaving predators with a nutritious souvenir while they escape Most spp. can regenerate from fragments that include the disk
- 15. Phylum Echinodermata 15 Subclass Ophiuroidea Defining Characteristics – Well-developed ossicles in the arms forming a system of articulating vertebrae – The oral surface bears 5 pair of bursal sacs
- 16. Phylum Echinodermata 16 Brittle Star Structure
- 17. Phylum Echinodermata 17 Reproduction Similar to Asteroids; yet a pluteus larva is formed Regenerate well, and one spp., in our area reproduces asexually by disk division
- 18. Phylum Echinodermata 18 Class Echinoidea Defining characteristics – Ossicles are joined to form a rigid test – Adults possess a feeding structure called Aristotle’s lantern Two attributes: mobile spines, and hollow skeleton or test
- 19. Phylum Echinodermata 19 Sea Urchin Structure
- 20. Phylum Echinodermata 20 Pedicellariae Pedicellariae prevent fouling of test and are used in defense More complex than sea stars and are located on tall moveable stalks
- 21. Phylum Echinodermata 21 Ingestion and Digestion Feed on alga material, encrusting bryozoans or scavenge – Food is chopped by 5 sharp pointed teeth – The digestive system is long to deal with vegetable manner – The anus is located aborally
- 22. Phylum Echinodermata 22 Reproduction Most conspicuous organs are those responsible for reproduction At spawning the entire coelom will fill with sperm or eggs Pluteus larva is formed
- 23. Phylum Echinodermata 23 Sand Dollars Irregular: non- spherical variously depressed – Anus is shifted to the oral surface posterior to the mouth creating bilateral symmetry
- 24. Phylum Echinodermata 24 Class Holothuroidea Defining characteristics – Worm shaped body, greatly elongated along the aboral and oral axis – The calcareous ossicles are reduced in size and embedded individually in the body wall – Highly branched muscular respiratory structures
- 25. Phylum Echinodermata 25 Holothuroidea Feeding Possess retractile feeding tentacle that surrounds the mouth While suspension or deposit feeding each tentacle is cleaned in the mouth
- 27. Phylum Echinodermata 27 Ossicles Although somewhat soft they do have an internal skeleton – The skeletal elements (ossicles) are microscopic with complex shapes – May compose up to 80% of the dry body weight
- 29. Phylum Echinodermata 29 Defense Many spp. have powerful toxins in the body wall Cuverian tubules – Sticky and toxic tentacles which are shot out the anus Also eviscerates to avoid predation – Internal organs regenerate after a period of time