Asthma is chronic(long term) inflammatory disease of airways. Airways (passage of air) get narrow due to excessice secretion of muscus, due to activation of inflamatory mediators(mast cell, IL, TNF, Leukotriens)

1. ASTHMA
Presented by Tamanna Kumari (2116599)
M. Pharmacy (Pharmacology)
G.H.G. Khalsa college of Pharmacy Gurusar Sadhar Ludhiana

2. Introduction of Asthma
 The word "asthma" originates from the Greek meaning short of breath, meaning that any
patient with breathlessness was asthmatic.
 Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of airways. The chronic inflammation cause an
increase in the airway hyper-responsiveness that leads to recurrent episodes of wheezing,
breathlessness, chest tightness and cough particularly at nigh or early in the morning.
 It is a condition in which person's airways become inflamed, narrow and swell, produce
extra mucus which makes it difficult to breath.
 Asthma is differs from the other obstructive lungs disease that it is largely reversible, either
spontaneously or with treatment
 Asthma is thought to be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors.

5. History
The first case of asthma was occur in China. Hippocrates’ discoveries of links between asthma and
environmental triggers, people have been attempting to soothe the condition for thousands of years.
Before ninth year, asthma was treated with extract of ephedra, owl's blood with wine, resins( found in
carrot family), tobacco (expectorant).
In the 1900s asthma begun to be treated with selective beta2 adrenoreceptor agonist. Belladonna
alkaloid from plant extract begun to be utilized in 1905.
Francis rackemann discovered that asthma could be results from reason other than allergy.
Kustner and parusnitz identify IgE and correlation with allergic reaction in asthmatics in 1921.
Physicians started to prescribe aminophylline suppositories and tablet and adrenaline injection for
asthma in 1940.

6. Triggering factors
 Allergen inhalation : Animal, house dust, cockroaches, pollens
Air pollutants: Cigarette smoke, oxidants, perfumes, exhaust
fumes
Virus
Sinusitis
Excercise and cold
Stress
Occupational exposure: Metal salts, wood and
vegetables dusts, idystrial chemical and plastics
Drugs: Aspirin, Nsaids, beta adrenergic blocker

8. Types of Asthma
Extrinsic asthma
Intrinsic asthma

9. Extrinsic Asthma
It is also known as allergic asthma. When the
symptoms are induced by a hyperimmune
response to the inhalation of specific allergen.
It is mostly episodic.

10. Intrinsic asthma
It is also known as anon allergic asthma. It is
triggered by the presence of irritants in the air that
are not related to allergies.
This irritants stimulate parasympathetic nerve fibres
in the airways causing broncho constriction.
It tends to be perennial (long term).

11. Symptoms of
Asthma
Cough
Dyspnoea
Excessive secretion of mucus
Chest tightness
Wheezing

12. Pathophysiology:
Exposure to allergens & irritants
IGE Stimulation
Mast cell degradation
Histamine Prostaglandins leukotrienes Bradykinins
Airway inflammation
Airway muscle constriction
Asthma (Wheezing, cough,
shortness of breath)

13. Diagnostic studies
Chest X-ray
Allergy skin test
Blood test to check the level of eosinophils and IgE
PFT
ABG Or oximetry
Peak expiatory flow rate

14. Drugs used for
treatment of Asthma
 Bronchodilators:
1. Beta2 sympathomimetic: Salbutamol, Terbutaline, Bambuterol, Salmeterol
2. Methyl xanthine: Theophylline, Aminophylline, Choline theophylline
3. Anticholinergic: Ipratropium bromide, Tiotropium bromide
 Mast cell stabilizer: Sodium cromoglicate, ketotifen
 Leukotrienes antagonists: Montelukast, Zafirlukast
 Corticosteroids:
1. Systemic corticosteroids: Hydrocortisone, Prednisolone
2. Inhalation corticosteroid: Beclomethasone, Fluticasone, Flunisolide
 Anti-IgE antibody: Omalizumab

15. Mechanism of action:
Inhibit
Inhibit Inhibit
Inhibit _
Exposure to
antigen(dust)
Antigen and IgE
on mast cell
Mediators(leukotri
enes, histamine
etc)
Bronchoconstricti
on
Avoidance
Steroids
Bronchodilators
Leukotrienes
antagonist

16.  Asthma medications are habit forming, dangerous and lose their
effectiveness over time.
 People with asthma should not exercise, play sports or
participate in gym class.
Asthma is only a childhood disease and is usually outgrown.
 Asthma is not a big deal and it's easily controlled.
Myths:

17. References
https://www.slideshare.net › asthma-
...Asthma – SlideShare
https://www.slideshare.net › asthma-
…Asthma – SlideShare
https://www.slideshare.net ›
pharma…Asthma ppt – SlideShare

18. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.govSection 2, Definition,
Pathophysiology and Pathogenesis of Asthma,
and ...
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov ›
booksPathophysiology Of Asthma - StatPearls
- NCBI Bookshelf
https://emedicine.medscape.com › 2...Asthma:
Practice Essentials, Background, Anatomy

19. Thank you