2. Tuberose
Scientific Name: Polianthes tuberosa L.
Family: Agavaceae
Description:
Popular summer flowers, hardy bulbs, perennial cut flower.
Cordyline ( white, pink, lavender),dracaena(white) and sensevieria belong to same family.
Polianthes contain 13 species(nine have white flower, one is white tinged with red, two are red).
Roots are adventitious and shallow.
3. Origin
Pre Columbian, Mexico, Indo-Pak and France
Sweet scented spikes used as a cut flower in garlands essential
oil extraction for fragrance.
Single or double tubular waxy flowers.
Basal whorl of leaves that are succulent and linear.
Spike are 90cm tall with 30 or more white flowers.
Plants are grown from a thickened bulb with basal roots.
Single flowered(single maxican) and double flowered
( the pearl excelsior double pearl)
6. Propagation
In spring axillary rhizomes are removed.
Allowed to callus for 24hr and replanted.
Offset are produced in large number 15 to 20 offset develop from a large bulb in single
season
3 year need to produced flowering from a bulblet offset
Plant can be propagated by bulbs or in vitro techniques.
Before planting treat corns in systematic fungicide and before storing also used
fungicide.
Dry in shade before planting or storing.
7.
8. Climatic requirements
Capacity of a bulb for flower opening depend the supply of carbohydrates
High temperature are required for initiation differentiation and development
24℃ to 29℃ is optimum for growth and flowering.
Plant thrive at high temperature from 21℃ to 29℃.
Optimum soil temperature should be above 20℃ for maximum root growth
Plants grow in full light, tuberose is a day neutral plant.
Vegetative growth and flowering were advanced by 10 days under 16hr photoperiods.
Soil requirements:
Good drainage is essential, light sandy soil 6.5pH-7.5pH
9. Cultural requirements
Nutrition:
FYM@ 5kg N: 30g, P:20g, K: 10g/m2
Irrigation:
After sprouting and 4-6 leaf stage
Irrigation once a week is ideal
Plant should not be water stressed.
Irrigation depend on plant growth soil type climate
Scheduling:
Bulb are planted after frost season (March, April)
Five month are required for annual planting to flowering
10. Planting density and spacing
Important factors are the purpose of cultivation weather for
cut flowers.
Planting material
Nutrients status of the soil
Cultivation in greenhouse or in the field
Bulbs size
20-20cm row to row
30-20 plant to plant
11. Planting depth and methods of planting
Planting depth:
8-10cm ideal for production of quality cut flowers and bulbs
Methods of planting:
Flat beds in low hill areas and on ridges in mid and high hill areas.
12. Staking or plant support
Earthling up to 10-15cm height is done when plants are 15-20cm high
Staking with bamboo or wooden sticks is done in beds and string or rope may
be tied in three rows along the plant rows to avoid loading of plant
13. Weeding
High manure and irrigation requirement creates congenial conditions for the
growth of various weeds
Three-four hand weeding are sufficient
Control by using spray
14. Disease
Bulb rot when the field are too wet or poorly drained.
Blue mold botryis problem when climate is cool.
Root
crown rot
Flower bud rot
16. Harvesting and handling
Spikes are harvested when 2 to 4 flower are opened.
For long distance shipping when only two florets are open.
For local market more flower cab be open on spikes.
All spikes are immediately placed in water.
Floret lives approximately 3days.
Average life of a spike is 10-14days.
Single flower last longer than double flowers.
A floral preservative or a 1.5% sugar vase solution is recommended.
Pulsing with 20% sugar solution for 12-24 hours increase vase life.
Ethylene reduced floret opening.
STS no effect on vase life.
0-5 temperature recommended for shipping and storage.
17. Grading and Packing
Grading:
Tuberose cut flower are graded according to spike length rachis length and
number of flowers per spike.
Loose flower are graded according to flower size
Packaging:
Cut flower are marketed in bunches of 25, 50 or 100 and these
bunches/bundle are packed in bamboo baskets
19. Bulb harvesting
Bulbs harvest after 40-50 days of flowering or foliage start turning yellow
Treat bulbs before storing
Bulbs are graded into two sizes as small less than 1.5cm in diameter and large
more than 1.5cm
20. Uses
• Sweet scented spikes used as a cut flower in garlands essential oil extraction
for fragrance.
• Garland making
• Birthday ceremony
• Table purpose due to its long spike length