39. 感想・苦情はtaikibeersci@gmail.comまで
主な参考文献
• においと味わいの不思議 東原和成・佐々木佳津子・伏木亨・鹿取みゆき 虹有
社 2013年
• ビール世界史紀行 ビール通のための15章 村上満 筑摩書房 2010年
• ビール醸造技術 宮地秀夫 食品産業新聞社 1999年
• 新しいワインの科学 Jamie Goode 河出書房 2014年
• Brewing Yeasts and Fermentation. Chris Boulton & David Quain, Blackwell
Publishing
• Beer in Health and Disease Prevention. Victor R. Preedy, Academic Press
• A History of Beer and Brewing. Ian S. Hornsey, RSC
• Domestication and Divergence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Beer Yeasts. Brigida
Gallone et al., Cell, 2016
• Dry hopping – The history and its current importance., Christina Schönberger and
Andreas Gahr, World Brewing Congress, 2012
• The Beer Hunter -- http://www.beerhunter.com/index.html
• ドイツ大使館・総領事館HP 2017年5月
http://www.japan.diplo.de/Vertretung/japan/ja/08-kultur-und-bildung/essen-
trinken/Bier/Bier1-Geschichte.html
• ビールのオフフレーバーに関する近年の知見 岸本徹 におい・かおり環境学会
誌 44(1), 13-20, 2013-01
• サッポロビール(株) による一連の報告 蛸井潔 日本醸造協会誌
• 107, 306-316 (2012)、108, 88-97, (2013)、109, 874-881, (2014)
https://carlsberggroup.com/who-we-are/about-the-carlsberg-group/our-rich-heritage/
パスツールとコッホの偉大さにも触れる
ケルダール法にも
1884にPractical studies in fermentation -> 1896に英訳;これがエールの遅れの原因?
By 1883, professor Emil Christian Hansen develops the key to a perfectly consistent beer production. He discovers that organisms are composed of different fungi and that yeast culture can be cultivated. He isolates a pure yeast culture and changes the concept of brewing forever. The method of cultivating pure yeast is worth a fortune and will revolutionise the quality of beer worldwide. But instead of keeping it secret, J.C. Jacobsen decides to give it away sharing his breakthrough with brewmasters around the world. Maybe J.C. Jacobsen new the original could never be beaten or maybe he knew in doing so, there would be a little bit of Carlsberg in a multitude of beers. Regardless of his reasons, original Carlsberg yeast is used on most of the single lagers that are crafted today.
Later in 1909, the Danish chemist doctor Søren P.L. Sørensen, head of Carlsberg Laboratory's Chemical Department, develops the pH scale at the Carlsberg Laboratory. His pioneering research has had a profound effect on beer and science. The pH scale has become the standard by which we determine how a liquid will react and interact with living organisms. Throughout the 20th century, the Carlsberg Laboratory contributed to the important study of enzymes and continue to do so today.
BDAS Diacetyl
Takashi Inoue Diacetyl
BEER: 0.1-0.2 ppm. (100-200 ppb.) in lager. 0.1-0.4 ppm. in ales. Acceptable in some Bohemian Pilsners and English ales.
WINE: reported to have a detection range from 0.2-2.8 ppm. (200-2800 ppb.)* At ca. 1-4 ppm. contributes desirable buttery or butterscotch avor. *Sensory detection threshold 0.2 ppm. in white wine and red wines from 0.9-2.8 ppm.
ピルビン酸からアセト乳酸、アセトアルデヒド経由もある