Radioimmunoassay Antigen A molecule capable of stimulating an immune response. Antibody An immunoglobulin, is a large, Y-shaped protein used by the immune system to identify and neutralize foreign objects such as pathogenic bacteria and viruses. Immunogen A molecule capable of eliciting an immune response when injected into an animal. Analyte A substance whose chemical constituents are being identified and measured Biological Standardization Bioassay Antigen A molecule capable of stimulating an immune response. Antibody An immunoglobulin, is a large, Y-shaped protein used by the immune system to identify and neutralize foreign objects such as pathogenic bacteria and viruses. Immunogen A molecule capable of eliciting an immune response when injected into an animal. Analyte A substance whose chemical constituents are being identified and measured. References

1. Radio Immumo Assay
Presented by
Swapnil G. Ugle
M. Pharm. 1st Year
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur
University, Nagpur.

2. Contents:
• Radioimmunoassay
• Biological Standardization
• Bioassay
• References

3. Immunoassay:
A test of antigen-antibody complexe (Immunocomplex).
Immuno - Immune response
Assay - test
Immunoassay - Test of Immunocomplex

4. Radioimmunoassay
• Gravimetric and colorimetric methods can't used for low
quantity substance detection.
• RIA found use to detect trace ammount in blood.
• Radioimmunoassay is done with the help of radioactivity
detection.
• This method is first carried out by Rosolyn Yalow and
Solomon Berson in 1959.

5. Antigen
A molecule capable of stimulating an immune response.
Antibody
An immunoglobulin, is a large, Y-shaped protein used by the
immune system to identify and neutralize foreign objects such as
pathogenic bacteria and viruses.
Immunogen
A molecule capable of eliciting an immune response when injected
into an animal.
Analyte
A substance whose chemical constituents are being identified and
measured.

6. Principle
• RIA is a competetive binding of radiolabelled and
unlabelled antigen with antibody.
• Labelled antigen is mixed with antibody untill reach to the
saturation point.
• As concentration of unlabelled antigen increases, labelled
antigen is replaced.
• Decreased in the rediolabelled bound antigen is masured
to determine the presence of antibody in the sample.
• Bound labelled antigen decreases as unlabelled antigen
concentration increases.

8. Biological Standardization
• Biological standards means a uniform and stable reference
biological substance.
• Allowing measurements of relative potency.
• Described in a common currency of international and
national units of activity.

9. • Standardization of drug means confirmation of its
identity and determination of its quality and purity
and detection of nature of adulterant by various
parameters like morphological, microscopical,
physical, chemical and biological observations.
• Standardization of a drug substance by using
biological system and comparing action with
primary standard drug is called biological
Standardization.

10. Bioassay
• Bio - living material
• Assay - Laboratory tests
Bioassay is estimation of concentration or potency of
chemical and biological agent by using suitable biological
system.

11. • A bioassay is a biochemical test to estimate the potency of
a sample compound.
• Usually this potency can only be measured relative to a
standard compound.
• Bioassay is defined as the estimation of the potency of an
active principle in a unit quantity of preparation.
• Detection and measurement of the concentration of the
substance in a preparation using biological methods.

12. Applications
• Estimate potency of natural drug.
• Standardization of drugs of natural origin (plant and
animal origin).
• Screening of new compound for biological activity.
• Estimation of biologically active substance like
histamine, acetylcholine, adrenaline.

13. References:
• Goldsmith SJ. Radioimmunoassay: review of basic principles.
Semin Nucl Med. 1975 Apr;5(2):125-52.
• Goldsby R.A., Kindt T.J., Osborne B.A., (1999) Kuby
Immunology, 4th edition, W.H.Freeman & Co Ltd., pg. 147-
148.
• Parija S.C., Textbook of Microbiology and Immunology,
2nd edition, Elsevier, a division of Reed Elsevier India Private
Limited; 2009: 113-114.
• Howell-Moroney, Madeleine, “Radioimmunoassay”. Embryo
Project Encyclopedia (2022-01-24). ISSN: 1940-
5030 http://embryo.asu.edu/handle/10776/13324

14. Thank You