Energy Show 2022 - Irish public sector targets to 2030 and progress to date
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The public sector is 34% more energy efficient than in 2009. It exceeded its 33% energy efficiency target set out for 2020. The public sector focus now shifts to the next decade and the challenging targets set out for 2030. The Climate Action Plan 2021 (CAP 21) outlines an energy related Green House Gas (GHG) target of 51% CO2 reduction by 2030. Achieving the GHG target is one of, if not the primary, target that public bodies and sectors must achieve. It also requires large public bodies to develop Climate Action roadmaps. This is to achieve their 2030 targets. It includes 51% of renewable space heating, and to develop wider Climate Mandates. The first part of the session will cover progress to date on the energy efficiency target. It will look at actions taken and a detailed overview of the 2030 GHG reduction target methodology. It will cover an overview of potential pathways to 2030. Public bodies will then present on their pathway to 2030 analysis. They will cover actions being undertaken now and planned. And finally, how SEAI's supports are being utilised to mobilise for 2030.
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Energy Show 2022 - Irish public sector targets to 2030 and progress to date
- 2. www.seai.ie Public sector energy targets SEAIs monitoring and reporting system Alan Ryan Public sector programme manager
- 3. Public sector programmes 3 www.seai.ie Policy and targets Monitoring and Reporting system 2021 results M&R 2030 project Agenda
- 4. Public Sector Programmes • Public sector programme • Energy management & Leadership engagement • Strategic planning & project pipelines • Monitoring Performance • Pathfinder programme • €33m in 2022, Similar 2023, More in 2024 • Accelerate building retrofits – High BER, decarbonised heating solutions • Prime / mobilise large scale approaches
- 5. 5 EU and public sector targets –2020/2050 2020 2030 2050 - 20% GHG Emissions +20% renewable energy +20% energy efficiency - 55% GHG Emissions +32% renewable energy +32.5% energy efficiency Recast EED – 1.7% kWh, 3% area to nearly zero annually Recast EPBD – minimum BER ratings (to be rescaled) Recast RED – what is renewable Climate neutral 2020 2030 2050 + 33 %energy efficiency performance improvement + 50% energy efficiency - 51% GHG Emissions (absolute) + 50% space heating to be renewable ‘B’ Rating ambition Net zero emissions
- 6. Monitoring & Reporting system to 2020
- 7. • Organisation level – 350 organisations – 3800 schools • 50,086 meters on the system • SEAI source usage data from the meter operators for electricity and gas • Not currently linked to a particular building / usage area * https://www.seai.ie/business-and-public-sector/public-sector/monitoring-and-reporting/
- 8. 8
- 9. Source – Public sector energy efficiency report 2021
- 10. Largest energy user Final energy [GWh] Energy-related CO2 [ktCO2] Public sector total 6,834 1,633 Public sector buildings (estimate) 3,438 889 Public sector buildings as % of PS total 50% 54% 10
- 11. 11
- 12. 12 Building Registry Plan - 2022 Pilot Building Register System - 2023 Building Register mandatory - 2023 - 2025 Building Register enhancements 469-21P1180
- 13. Data to enter – Mandatory 13
- 14. Dashboard 1 – Building Energy Overview
- 15. 15 www.seai.ie Main Buildings Only Electricity Use Profile 2020 259554 143600 103564 98647 80401 47200 37589 34306 29870 28844 28535 28341 27450 25665 25361 18332 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 0 50000 100000 150000 200000 250000 300000 Cumulative % 80% line (80/20 Rule) Buildings Total MPRN Electricity kWh (2020) Leisure Centre
- 17. Potential future enhancements (after initial development) 17 Meter data Granular consumption data Smart meters Data from PB’s own meters Non-energy meters (e.g. H2O) Assets Compare asset EnPI with peers Compare asset EnPI with benchmarks DEC-lite DEC GHGs Wider Carbon footprint (optional reporting) Further alignment with international protocols Carbon budgets Energy projects M&V Link projects to assets Link projects to other SEAI databases Vehicle register Additional vehicle data (e.g. km pa) Link to other PS vehicle registers Advanced analysis What-if analysis for changes to historical data Model future years Regression analysis (energy - activities) Analysis to support energy procurement 3rd party access to data Advanced reports Flexible data visualisation tools (meters) Flexible data visualisation tools (assets) Flexible data visualisation tools (organisation) New reports to meet user needs Other Evolving EE & GHG target landscape Green public procurement REAP SEAI admin Extend to private sector www.seai.ie 469-22P0264
- 18. Potential future enhancements (after initial development) 18 Meter data Granular consumption data Smart meters Data from PB’s own meters Non-energy meters (e.g. H2O) Assets Compare asset EnPI with peers Compare asset EnPI with benchmarks DEC-lite DEC GHGs Wider Carbon footprint (optional reporting) Further alignment with international protocols Carbon budgets Energy projects M&V Link projects to assets Link projects to other SEAI databases Vehicle register Additional vehicle data (e.g. km pa) Link to other PS vehicle registers Advanced analysis What-if analysis for changes to historical data Model future years Regression analysis (energy - activities) Analysis to support energy procurement 3rd party access to data Advanced reports Flexible data visualisation tools (meters) Flexible data visualisation tools (assets) Flexible data visualisation tools (organisation) New reports to meet user needs Other Evolving EE & GHG target landscape Green public procurement REAP SEAI admin Extend to private sector www.seai.ie 469-22P0264
- 19. www.seai.ie 1. Public sector programmes 2. Policy and targets 3. Monitoring and Reporting System 4. 2021 results 5. M&R 2030 Thank you alan.ryan@seai.ie
- 20. 2030 emissions target | scope 20 Energy-related GHG emissions Non-energy-related GHG emissions Scope 1 direct emissions Fuel used in buildings, vehicles & equipment (owned & leased1) Scope 2 indirect emissions Electricity2 used by buildings, vehicles, equipment & lighting (owned & leased1) Scope 3 Fuel & electricity used in buildings, vehicles & equipment (leased & outsourced1) Staff business travel All other energy-related scope 3 emissions Direct non-energy emissions All other non-energy emissions • Included in target • Must be reported • Already reported for 2020 target • Must be reported via M&R-2030 • Optional reporting Notes: 1 Carbon footprinting standards such as the Greenhouse Gas Protocol allow organisations some flexibility with respect to how they categorise some of their emissions. Depending on the consolidation approach applied by a public body, the public body could categorise certain emissions from leased buildings (public body = lessee) as being either scope 1 or scope 3. 2. Also includes purchased heat and purchased steam, as well as purchased electricity.
- 21. Building Hierarchy • Create a hierarchy • Link meters • Individual buildings / groups • Not just buildings 21
- 22. Data to enter – Mandatory 22
- 23. Some field choices – see documentation 23
- 24. Data to enter – non Mandatory • Will help SEAI and public body in Pathfinder Planning • Will be added to over time 24
- 26. www.seai.ie Public sector 2030 GHG emissions target Liam Ó Cléirigh Managing Partner, Byrne Ó Cléirigh
- 27. 2030 emissions target 27 Energy-related emissions Absolute emissions target, expressed in tonnes Target calculated as reduction from 2016-2018 (average) 51% reduction in emissions from thermal & transport fuels 51% Reduction in electricity emissions in line with supply-side decarbonisation Emissions from fuel & electricity used in buildings, vehicles, equipment & lighting 469-22P0291
- 28. Public sector GHGs | 2009-2020 28 469-22P0291 Transport Thermal (heat)
- 29. Public sector GHGs | 2009-2020 29 469-22P0291 Electricity Transport Thermal (heat)
- 30. Public sector GHGs | 2030 target 30 Supply-side gains 469-22P0291 Electricity Transport Thermal (heat) Baseline = ~2,000 ktCO2 ~700 ktCO2
- 31. Public sector GHGs | 2030 target 31 Electricity Transport Thermal (heat) Reduction from own action 469-22P0291 Supply-side gains Targets Baseline = ~2,000 kt ~700 kt ~500 kt ~800 kt ~500 kt
- 32. Thermal = 124 kt Baseline Transport = 100 t Basis for 2030 target calculation Energy-related GHGs [ktCO2] Thermal = 100 t Electricity = 100 t Baseline = 300 t 49 t -51% thermal 49 t -51% transport Electricity supply-side reduction* ~33t 49 t 49 t ~33t 49 t 49 t ~33t 2030 target Target-setting methodology Public body ‘A’ 2. A PB’s absolute targets depend on its baseline emissions & its baseline fuel split. 469-22P0291 98 t 131 t 25 t 60 t 46 t 60 t 22 t 49 t 3. A PB has some flexibility in how it achieves targets. 1. 51% reduction in emissions from thermal & transport fuels & reduction in electricity emissions in line with supply-side decarbonisation.
- 33. 33 Pathways to decarbonisation 469-22P0291 Use less Design for net-zero Use renewable Buildings Heat Transport Heat pumps Bioenergy District heat Hydrogen (green) H2 Electric vehicles Electricity Design new facilities for zero or very low emissions Public lighting ICT Transport Water services Other Onsite renewable generation Biofuels
- 34. 34 Additional information on accessing Gap-to-target model is available at https://energylink.seai.ie/thread/view/1654 469-22P0291 Pathways to decarbonisation | small local authority
- 35. 35 Additional information on accessing Gap-to-target model is available at https://energylink.seai.ie/thread/view/1654 469-22P0291 Pathways to decarbonisation | small local authority
- 36. 36 Additional information on accessing Gap-to-target model is available at https://energylink.seai.ie/thread/view/1654 469-22P0291 Pathways to decarbonisation | third-level institution
- 37. 37 Additional information on accessing Gap-to-target model is available at https://energylink.seai.ie/thread/view/1654 469-22P0291 Pathways to decarbonisation | high transport user
- 38. 1. Heat & transport emissions are flat. 2030 target = 51% absolute reduction. 2. Decarbonisation pathway 3. Act for 2030…plan for 2050 Key takeaways 38 Use less Design for net-zero Use renewable 469-22P0291
- 39. www.seai.ie 1. Heat & transport emissions are flat. 2030 target = 51% absolute reduction. 2. Decarbonisation pathway 3. Act for 2030…plan for 2050 Thank you
- 41. www.seai.ie SEAI Public Sector Retrofit Pathfinder Project Support Unit Orla Coyle: Programme Manager Louise Campion: Programme Executive David Power: Programme Executive Gerry Woods: Programme Executive
- 42. 42 Policy for Decarbonisation - GHG Emissions reduction by 51% in 2030 Baseline in 2016-2018 51% Reduction in Direct Energy Related Emissions (thermal & transport) - Increase improvement in energy efficiency to 50% by 2030 - Climate Action Roadmap by end of 2022 - Display Energy Certificate in every public building - Prohibit new fossil fuel heating systems after 2023 (limited exceptions)
- 43. European Policy - Retrofit EPBD Draft • Zero Emission Buildings and link to Deep Renovation • Minimum Energy Performance Standards EED Draft • Public Sector Retrofit - 3% of floor area now includes schools, hospitals etc to NZEB
- 44. Project Support Unit Identify Buildings Technical Support / Solutions Capital / EPC Support Learnings/ Monitor Performance Capability / Develop Supply Chain 44 www.seai.ie
- 45. Pathfinder Programme • Schools • 2017 • Higher Education • 2020 • Local Authorities • New 45 www.seai.ie • Health Sector • 2018 • Central Government • 2017 • Defence Forces • New
- 46. Process of Engagement 46 www.seai.ie
- 47. Principles of the Pathfinder 47 www.seai.ie 2017/2018 2019 2020 2021 Capacity Development / Shallow Retrofit Capacity Development / Shallow Retrofit/ Procurement Capacity Development / Shallow Retrofit/ Procurement Cost Optimal Retrofit Capacity Development / Procurement / Deep Retrofit & Renewable Heating
- 48. • Increased Budget • Focus on supporting Decarbonisation & path to Net Zero Programme for 2022 48 Technical Support • Energy Bureau • Design Teams • Technical Expertise • Project Management Capital Support • Priority to Deep Retrofit and Renewable Heat • Shallow measures on pathway to Zero Carbon
- 50. HSE – Target Building Architype 50 www.seai.ie Our Lady of Lourdes, Drogheda Lusk CNU Mullingar General Hospital Baltinglass CNU Wexford General Hospital Clonakilty CNU Cork HQ Sligo University Hospital Plunket Home CNU Nenagh Health Centre
- 51. Higher Education Support for 2021… 51 www.seai.ie 6 pathways Deep Retrofit with low temperature Air Source Heat Pump Deep Retrofit with Geothermal Water Source Heat Pump with Borehole Deep fabric retrofit ONLY Medium Retrofit with High Temperature Air Source Heat Pump Biomass and Medium Fabric Upgrade Medium Retrofit with M&E Upgrades (Mechanically Ventilated/AC Buildings ONLY)
- 52. DFHRIS/ HEA – Testing the Pathways 52 www.seai.ie ICT Pathway 4: Medium Retrofit with High Temp ASHP LYIT Pathway 5: Biomass and Medium Fabric Upgrade UCC Pathway 2: Deep Retrofit with Geothermal Heat Pump UCD, Pathway 6: Medium Fabric & M&E Upgrade UL Pathway 1: Deep Retrofit with Low Temp ASHP WIT, Pathway 3: Deep Fabric Retrofit GMIT Pathway 4: Medium Retrofit with High Temp ASHP MTU Pathway 3: Deep Fabric Retrofit
- 53. DoE - Field Testing the Solutions 53 www.seai.ie Maryfield, Biomass Occupied School Phased 2021/22 St Columba’s Biomass Occupied School St Marys Special School Heat Pump Decant School St Marys NS, Heat Pump Occupied School Colaiste Iosaef, Heat Pump Occupied School Phased 2021/22 St Lasarians, Heat Pump Occupied School Phased 2021/22 Cornafulla Heat Pump Occupied School Tramore, Heat Pump Decant School St Gabriel’s SS Heat Pump Decant School
- 54. Critical Success Factors and Lessons 54 www.seai.ie • Every sector IS different • Scaling up of Supply Chain is critical • Building up dedicated, resourced teams • Carbon targets has changed approach - Large scale deployment of renewable heating • Financing & Role of EPC models • Mind the Gap - savings need to be real
- 56. HSE Decarbonisation Strategy & Action Plan 56 Overview Climate Action Plan Targets 3 Pillars of HSE Infrastructure Decarbonisation Strategy Technology Working Group
- 57. 4 Geographic Regions with 10 Regional Offices Capital Projects Property Management Maintenance Energy & Sustainability Health & Safety (Infrastructural Risk) Fire Safety Manage Capital Plan (approx. €1.00Bn / annum) Procure & deliver all Major & Minor capital Projects Manage Property Portfolio Approx. 4,500 properties Nationally Over 3mill Metres Sq Manage Fire Safety advisory and control service Manage & advise on Energy and Sustainability. Climate Action and Sustainability Office. Energy Unit and Energy Officers – 25 Staff Provide maintenance services (directly in Dublin and Cork/Kerry Areas) Provide guidance on best practice, design standards & regulatory guidelines Overview HSE Capital & Estates
- 58. Climate Action Plan Targets 58 Carbon is King Indicative Figures
- 59. Climate Action Plan Targets 59 Developing a Decarbonisation Tool Indicative Figures Decarbonisation Strategy & Action Plan* – Due to be published Qtr 2
- 60. Pillars of HSE Infrastructure Decarbonisation Strategy 60 Climate Action Targets HSE Energy Bureaus Behavioural Change Green Teams ROO / Shallow Retrofit Existing Building Stock Deep Retrofit Pilot Pathfinder Programme New Facilities / Capital Plan Net Zero Carbon Ready
- 61. Pillars 1 – Existing Building Stock 61 Pilot Pathfinder Programme 10 No. Pilot Sites Stage 1 Feasibility Study Technical Solution R&D Infection Control Financial Mechanism Capital Energy Performance Contracting Climate Action Fund Technical Advisor Team Design Teams EPC Specialist Advisor Funding Approved
- 62. Pillars 1 – Existing Building Stock 62 Pilot Pathfinder Programme 10 No. Pilot Sites Learnings Technology Financial Mechanism HSE Organisation Compliance SEU’s - Top 150 HSE Facilities Strategic Assessment Report Public Spending Code Role for Performance Contracting Projected Budget €3Billion - €5Billion DPER / Public Spending Code Phase out of Fossil Fuels Asset & Property Strategy
- 63. Pillar 2 – HSE Capital Plan – New Healthcare Facilities 63 SlainteCare Programme 2,600 New Beds 104,000 m2 Older Persons Programme 54 No. New Facilities 270,000 m2 Primary Care Programme 105 No. New Facilities 340,000 m2 Enhanced Community Care 20 No. New Facilities 75,000 m2 Additional Programmes (TBC – COVID etc) 16 kTonn es CO2 6.4 kTonn es CO2 8.1 kTonn es CO2 1.8 kTonn es CO2 ??? kTonne s CO2
- 64. Pillar 2 – HSE Capital Plan – New Healthcare Facilities 64 Net Carbon Zero Ready Climate Action Plan Targets Best Practice Sustainable Design Energy Efficient Design (IS399) Dynamic Simulation Modelling HSE Scope of Services Nzeb Compliance Behavioural Change Additional 0.8 Million m2 CAP = Absolute Targets HSE Capital Plan No Fossil Fuels Budget - €1Billion p.a
- 65. Pillar 3 – Energy Bureau - Existing Healthcare Facilities 65 HSE Energy Bureaus 11 No. Energy Officers (Regional Based) Behavioural Change Green Teams 90 No. Green Teams ROO / Shallow Retrofit Lights/Pumps/Heat Pumps/Renewable Budget 2022 – 2023 €120million Pathway to Zero Carbon SEAI/HSE Co- Funding
- 66. R&D Technology Working Group 66 Proposed Supplier ‘Open Day’ by Association of Energy Engineers Ireland (AEE) – (Hosted by SEAI October 2022) Discussion on Existing Technologies and Solutions in the Marketplace that are sufficiently mature and proven for use in Healthcare settings Open to establish a trial program of selected potential solutions to establish suitability for potential use in Healthcare settings Identify Technologies to replace Fossil Fuel solutions Phased removal of Fossil Fuels for existing facilities (in accordance with CAP) Exemptions: Emergency works Peak Loads / Infection Control such as Legionella etc
- 67. R&D Technology Working Group 67 Proposed Supplier ‘Open Day’ by Association of Energy Engineers Ireland (AEE) – (Hosted by SEAI October 2022) contd… ‘First do no Harm’ – Will not introduce solutions that may potentially create risks to Healthcare settings (Security of Supply, Reliability, Atmospheric emissions etc) and areas with high concentration of vulnerable and health compromised people Identify Gaps in mature Technology Solution availability Consider potential evolving/developing solutions in the marketplace Email climateaction@hse.ie with technology solutions suitable for Healthcare settings for review and consideration by HSE TA & DT’s
Editor's Notes
- Aine
- Set up to track the 33% target – now a common language amongst PBs including CEOs, scorecard well understood, collective ‘all in this’ together Served us really well PS to be congratulated, continuous improvement, vast majority reporting projects and savings
- Huge thanks to public bodies – working together for 10 years Internationally leading Huge wealth of information for planning the journey ahead
- M&R attributable energy. Includes leased and owned facilities. The overall GHG need to reduce by 51%. Electricity will have a major impact. Some public bodies would need to do very little if mostly electricity
- These GHG specifically need to reduce by 51%.
- May require animation
- 4 principles on LHS are challenging, but relatively straightforward. 2 principles on RHS add complexity. Spend a little time talking about the RHS
- Direct emissions from thermal & transport from PS over last decade = Flat = 1,000 kt Despite important improvements in EE in the sector. EE savings = 34%. If you only take one thing away from today…! (And we’ll come back to it) Additional info Reason for apparent contradiction = public sector has been “doing more with less”: More activity heating more buildings & providing more transport But using energy more efficiently, so energy has not followed activity Also some decarbonisation of heat: phasing out of oil & RES-H (but not a lot) Decarbonisation of transport: mainly through biofuel blending in road transport fuels
- Elec accounts for about half But TFC flat 2014-2019 & dropped 7% in 2020 Because IRL’s electricity system has become 47% less carbon intensive since 2009 Additional info Electricity TFC reduced by 0.2% between 2014-2019 and then fell 7.4% in 2019-2020 (COVID-19) => CO2 intensity of IRL’s electricity dropped 47% since 2009, i.e. IRL’s electricity network is 47% “cleaner” from a GHG perspective. This means if an organisation consumed the same amount of electricity in 2009 & 2020, the emission arising from this consumption would be 47% lower in 2020 than 2009. Important implications…because this trend likely to continue, as we will see
- Baseline period is 2016-2018. About 2,000 ktCO2 Blue = where we estimate PS will be if consumption remained frozen at baseline level We know that elec system will become 67% less carbon intensive by 2030 (compared to baseline). Coal Renewables So, if sector stayed still, elec emissions would reduce by 700 kt, or about 1/3. Additional info Coal will be phased out by 2025 Based on 70% RES-E target. Target is now 80% RES-E. Good for all PBs because all PBs use electricity Some important considerations in context of future electrification: E.g. if you change a fleet of light duty vehicles to EVs now, you could cut emissions in half (2020)…would reduce by half of that again by 2030, to give a total reduction of 75% compared to status quo petrol/diesel But electrification (of heat & transport) also means that absolute consumption of electricity will likely increase for many PBs over next decade.
- Now let’s look at the target. I’ll explain how it’s calculated later. For now, 2 points: 2 targets: [click] Total emissions = 800 kt [click] Direct emissions = 500 kt Big reduction Total from baseline T&T from baseline Both from 2020 Total from grid…which assumes staying still, which is not easy. [Click]: Difference between where grid will get us & target is own action. Remainder of presentation: Talk about how target is calculated Talk about how PB pathways to decarbonisation, i.e. own action
- PB-level target Same methodology will apply but… [Click] Let’s look at an example PB (PB ‘A’) – 100 + 100 +100 (remember this) Now let’s apply the methodology, starting with the emissions at the bottom. [Click] 100 tonnes -51% = 49 tonnes [Click] 100 tonnes of transport emissions. If we reduce that by 51%, we also get 49 tonnes [Click] if we look at electricity, which has to reduce in line with supply-side decarbonisation. Latest modelling indicates 67% reduction. [Click] apply these reductions…we’re left with 49 t + 49 t + 33 t [Click] these are added together to calculate the PB’s targets = 131 t [Click] targets dependent on baseline [Click] PBs have some flexibility [click] If emissions were as per target then OK. Total @ 131 & T&T @ 98 But it could have other emission profiles in 2030 that would also achieve the target, e.g. [click] deeper electrification of heating….less thermal but more electricity. OK because. [click] consider this scenario
- Use less Large energy users in most PBs Retrofit & efficiency More technical end users 3 points Portfolio: not either or. Combinations Other technologies not shown Aim for 2030, but plan for 2050 Consider technology lifetimes. Heating system… Vehicles
- GTT model available to PBs. Identify decarb pathways And put some numbers on them Small local authority Explain Baseline Target Progress to date 2020 Anticipated supply side 2030 scenario GTT Model impact of measures
- 5 x building retrofits (heating oil) 4-5 heat pumps EVs for light duty vehicles PV arrays on roof Total reductions = 250 tonnes = 250,000 kg Need to find another 150 tonnes = 149,955 kg
- Third-level Similar size Lighting upgrades, including outside 3 x building retrofits (gas) 3 x heat pumps PV panels Total reductions = 185 tonnes Needs to add addition capacity…default plan is gas + elec = 167 tonnes Needs to find another 256 tonnes
- Big portfolio & high transport user Heavy-duty vehicles…can’t just do EVs Large ~400 retrofits over decade BioLPG EVs High-blend biofuel 3 x building retrofits (gas) 3 x heat pumps Onsite wind Total reductions = 6,900 tonnes Another 7,300 tonnes required
- Non partners – might let avail of services to show how can add value – assessment, GtTT, EED etc – what think is of most use
- Sets out Plan / Roadmap for Decarbonisation Translating roadmaps into action – what does this mean Progress to Date Current Status Targets Challenges of growing and improving delivery of healthcare Slaintecare / Capital Programme How to address – Action Plan / Roadmap Pilot Projects – Site Selection – Learning – Iterative Process
- New facilities will add to Carbon Emission Managed & Controlled Manner Optimise Design / Systems / Orientation / Building Fabric Natural Ventilation Criteria Futureproof for Climate Change (Weather File Data) Energy Balance / Significant Energy Users Energy Split (77% Elec / 23% Gas) Infection Control / Legionella Control / Peak Demand BER – almost irrelevant Carbon king Guaranteed savings DEC BER only a Guide 10. Energy Bureaus – Behavioural Change
- New facilities will add to Carbon Emission Managed & Controlled Manner Optimise Design / Systems / Orientation / Building Fabric Natural Ventilation Criteria Futureproof for Climate Change (Weather File Data) Energy Balance / Significant Energy Users Energy Split (77% Elec / 23% Gas) Infection Control / Legionella Control / Peak Demand BER – almost irrelevant Carbon king Guaranteed savings DEC BER only a Guide 10. Energy Bureaus – Behavioural Change