HYDROPOWER PLANT TURBINE SECTION

1. SELECTION OF TURBINE FOR HYDRO
ELECTRIC POWER PLANTS

2. HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANT
The electricity produced from generators driven by turbine
That converts the potential energy into mechanical energy
Water stored at higher elevation and led downward through
penstocks
Falling water cause turbine rotate
Turbine drives generators – converts turbine mechanical energy
into electricity

3. TURBINE
Assembly consist of a nozzle, runner and shaft – Collectively
converts rotational mechanical work
Nozzle- Directs the flow to the runner
Runner- Converts hydraulic energy into mechanical energy
- It typically equipped with cups or blades
Shaft – Transfers mechanical work to a generator

4. Working principle
Hydro turbine generators are devices that convert the mechanical
energy from moving water into electrical energy.

5. Classification of hydro turbines
Reaction turbines
Derive power from pressure and moving water
Totally immersed in water
Angular and linear motion converted to shaft power
Propeller, Francis and Kaplan turbines
Impulse turbines
Convert kinetic energy of water jet hitting buckets
No pressure drop across turbines
Pelton, Turgo and Crossflow turbines

6. Types of turbine

7. Selection of turbine
The turbine was selected to match specific conditions
To attain the maximum possible efficiency
According to availability of water:
Run of river plant without pondage
Run-off river plant with pondage
Storage plant
Pump storage plant
According to head:
Low head plant
Medium head plant
High head plant

8. According to load:
Base load plant
Peak load plant
According to plant capacity :
Microhydal plant( up to 5MW)
Medium capacity plant ( 5-10 MW)
High capacity plant ( 100 MW)
Super plant ( above 100 MW)
ACCORDING TO PLACE OF POWER HOUSE:
Surface power house plant
Under ground power house plant
According to turbine speed:
High specific speed plant
Medium specific speed plant
Low specific speed plant

9. Selection of turbine based on head
Based on specific speed:

10. Factors affecting selection of turbine
Head
Specific speed
Rotational speed
Efficiency of the turbine
Cavitation
Disposition of turbine shaft
Part load operation

11. Conclusion
Hydraulic turbines are widely used for decades
Efficient energy source- high efficiency
Running cost is less
Generation of electricity by hydraulic turbine-
best way of restricting pollution
Among its types-Kaplan and Propeller is best
among all
Hydraulicturbine is a clean and renewable source
of energy

12. Thank you