HIS 100 Module Two Activity Template Primary and Secondary Source

HIS 100 Module Two Activity Template: Primary and
Secondary Sources
Replace the bracketed text below with your responses.
Non-graded portion:
· List your historical research topic here:
· The Tulsa race Massacre
Graded portion:
Distinguish between primary and secondary sources.
Primary sources are often fast hand accounts of an event that
were created by people at the time of the event or years later,
they come from the individual’s personal histories, journals,
and some memoirs. Some of these records can be found in
media such as video and audio recordings and artwork, such
media include newspaper articles, manuscripts, photographs,
videos, and artifacts. Secondary sources on the other hand are
often interpretations of primary sources they are mostly
information that originate from a different place and are often
generalized and analyzed interpretations and synthesis of
primary sources of research information
Explain why it is important to consult a variety of sources when
conducting historical research. Include specific details and
examples.
In research, it is important to consult a variety of sources, this
is because consulting other sources invites other people to
either provide support or contrast an idea or a topic of
discussion. This helps a historical researcher to clarify and
expound on each aspect they are studying or analyzing. They
also help in giving new insights and dimensions of a topic as
one learns more about the issues relating to the topic being
researched. Some issues that were important at the time of the

subject being studied can still be the same issues that we are
being challenged by today. By comparing and contrasting with
others one’s explanations become clearer and thorough as the
researcher’s perspective will be challenged and refined through
other authors and sources. This can be seen in the Tulsa
massacre as there were two conflicting stories to the event one
of which was adamant that it was a riot while the other insisted
that it was a massacre. If a modern researcher unfamiliar with
the event were from either side they would be blinded by the
perspectives of their side without accepting the other.
Identify one primary source that would help investigate your
research question (include the title, author, and link to the
source).
Many sources exist on the Tulsa race massacre of 1921 however
for a primary source the Tulsa Historical Society and Museum
offers a far wider range of research resources than any other.
On their website (https://www.tulsahistory.org/exhibit/1921-
tulsa-race-massacre/), they have uploaded all the relevant
documents that as newspaper clippings, death reports, letters,
and other media sources tired to the event which paint a picture
of the issues, facts, and intrigues that make up the story of the
event.
Identify one secondary source that would help investigate your
source).
Through the works of Messer and Krehbiel in their works
Causes of the Tulsa Race Massacre
https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-74679-7_3
and Tulsa 1921: Reporting a Massacre
https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=ZX6mDwAAQB
AJ&oi=fnd&pg=PR15&dq=secondary+sources+of+the+tulsa+m
assacre&ots=a0XEBelGpo&sig=MKk-ecJuhJAqV-
RT6yw4_YvUS4g
I found my secondary sources which may give me a different

perspective of the study on the events of June 1st, 1921.
Choose a current event related to the subject of your historical
research question and explain how they are connected.
We always say we should learn from the past but in matters of
racism, the sentiment seems to have been entirely been
forgotten. From the red summer of 1919 to the Tulsa race
massacre the events left our societies riddled with injuries and
losses however we seem to never learn. Just like the two events
the current society has once again been rocked by the same
racially violent racial riots caused by a single spark. Just like
Eugen Williams and Dick Rowland, George Floyd has become
the modern spark that ignited the fuse of systemic racism that
has plagued modern society. His death just like the other two
victims has caused massive violent riots and just like Tulsa
earned a historic title the Racial Reckoning Summer of 2020.
The Tulsa race massacre especially echoed in the 2020 murder
of Floyd as the whites are the leading social figureheads, the
police who made the situation worse. (Roberts, J. D. 2021).
Retrieved from https://www.brookings.edu/blog/how-we-
rise/2021/06/09/pandemics-and-protests-america-has-
experienced-racism-like-this-before/
References
Tulsa Historical Society and Museum, (n.d.), 1921 Tulsa race
massacre. Tulsahistory.org.
https://www.tulsahistory.org/exhibit/1921-tulsa-race-massacre/
Messer, C. M. (2021). Causes of the Tulsa Race Massacre. In
The 1921 Tulsa Race Massacre (pp. 33-53). Palgrave
Macmillan, Cham. Retrieved from
Krehbiel, R. (2019). Tulsa, 1921: Reporting a massacre.
University of Oklahoma Press. Retrieved from,

https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=ZX6 mDwAAQB
RT6yw4_YvUS4g
Roberts, J. D. (2021). Pandemics and protests: America has
experienced racism like this before. Retrieved from
https://www.brookings.edu/blog/how-we-
2
HIS 100 Module Two Activity Template: Primary and
Secondary Sources
Non-graded portion:
· List your historical research topic here:
· The Tulsa race Massacre
Graded portion:
Distinguish between primary and secondary sources.
Primary sources are often fast hand accounts of an event that
were created by people at the time of the event or years later,
they come from the individual’s personal histories, journals,
and some memoirs. Some of these records can be found in
media such as video and audio recordings and artwork, such
media include newspaper articles, manuscripts, photographs,
videos, and artifacts. Secondary sources on the other hand are
often interpretations of primary sources they are mostly
information that originate from a different place and are often
generalized and analyzed interpretations and synthesis of
primary sources of research information

Explain why it is important to consult a variety of sources when
conducting historical research. Include specific details and
examples.
In research, it is important to consult a variety of sources, this
is because consulting other sources invites other people to
either provide support or contrast an idea or a topic of
discussion. This helps a historical researcher to clarify and
expound on each aspect they are studying or analyzing. They
also help in giving new insights and dimensions of a topic as
one learns more about the issues relating to the topic being
researched. Some issues that were important at the time of the
subject being studied can still be the same issues that we are
being challenged by today. By comparing and contrasting with
others one’s explanations become clearer and thorough as the
researcher’s perspective will be challenged and refined through
other authors and sources. This can be seen in the Tulsa
massacre as there were two conflicting stories to the event one
of which was adamant that it was a riot while the other insisted
that it was a massacre. If a modern researcher unfamiliar with
the event were from either side they would be blinded by the
perspectives of their side without accepting the other.
Identify one primary source that would help investigate your
source).
Many sources exist on the Tulsa race massacre of 1921 however
for a primary source the Tulsa Historical Society and Museum
offers a far wider range of research resources than any other.
On their website (https://www.tulsahistory.org/exhibit/1921-
tulsa-race-massacre/), they have uploaded all the relevant
documents that as newspaper clippings, death reports, letters,
and other media sources tired to the event which paint a picture
of the issues, facts, and intrigues that make up the story of the
event.
Identify one secondary source that would help investigate your

source).
Through the works of Messer and Krehbiel in their works
Causes of the Tulsa Race Massacre
and Tulsa 1921: Reporting a Massacre
RT6yw4_YvUS4g
I found my secondary sources which may give me a different
perspective of the study on the events of June 1st, 1921.
Choose a current event related to the subject of your historical
research question and explain how they are connected.
We always say we should learn from the past but in matters of
racism, the sentiment seems to have been entirely been
forgotten. From the red summer of 1919 to the Tulsa race
massacre the events left our societies riddled with injuries and
losses however we seem to never learn. Just like the two events
the current society has once again been rocked by the same
racially violent racial riots caused by a single spark. Just like
Eugen Williams and Dick Rowland, George Floyd has become
the modern spark that ignited the fuse of systemic racism that
has plagued modern society. His death just like the other two
victims has caused massive violent riots and just like Tulsa
earned a historic title the Racial Reckoning Summer of 2020.
The Tulsa race massacre especially echoed in the 2020 murder
of Floyd as the whites are the leading social figureheads, the
police who made the situation worse. (Roberts, J. D. 2021).
Retrieved from https://www.brookings.edu/blog/how-we-

References
RT6yw4_YvUS4g
Roberts, J. D. (2021). Pandemics and protests: America has
experienced racism like this before. Retrieved from
https://www.brookings.edu/blog/how-we-
2
HIS 100 Module Two Activity Template: Historical Research
Question
This activity is your last chance to choose a topic. Topic
changes may be based on your research or instructor feedback.
Then write a historical research question that addresses an
aspect of your finalized topic. Replace the bracketed
text below with your responses.
Non-graded portion:
· Tulsa race massacre

Graded portion:
Write a clear, relevant, and focused research question about
your finalized topic.
The racial undercurrents currently rocking our society are
becoming ever stronger and the rifts that they are leaving in
their wake leave us with one question are these past events
relevant to today’s society? Through the Tulsa massacre, hoping
to point out their relevance in society today. I also hope to find
out the significance of these events to today’s society.
Explain how another person’s beliefs, assumptions, and values
may lead that person to create a different question than you.
After reading on the Tulsa massacre, it echoed several a few
first-hand experiences with racism in my life. One of such
experiences that bothers me happened a while back while in a
dollar store with my son and cousin who wanted to buy toy guns
so that they could play pretend police, as we were at the counter
we met a white woman and her son who seemed to like the toy
guns my son and cousin had as he thought them to be cool as
they made noise and would light up while making the noise. The
boy asked his mom if he could have one however, the woman
denied the boy’s request saying he would not become a little
thug, like my son and cousin.
Based on my personal experiences I do believe that racism is a
taught behavior, this comes from several generations of people
being told they were better than others based on the color of
their skin. I would personally never teach my children that they
are better than others solely based on the color of their skin. It
would be better to teach them to love and value themselves just
as much as they love anyone else.
The Tulsa race massacre is still relevant to modern society
today as racism is still prevalent in today’s society the simple
fact that there is still a debate on whether the Tulsa incident
was a riot or a massacre makes it even more relevant as it is a
clear sign that the color of a person’s skin makes others want to
treat and judge them differently and try to put them on a lower

standard as themselves, to gain an advantage or just to feel
better about themselves.
References
RT6yw4_YvUS4g
5
HIS 100 Module Three Activity Template: Historical Context
Describe the historical context surrounding your historical
event.
The Tulsa race massacre is one of American history's most
famous racial violence. The massacre took place between May
31 to June 1, 1921 (Krehbiel, 2019). It began when the mob
from the white race armed with weapons given to them by city

officials attacked black residents and destroyed their homes and
properties. Businesses of the blacks were not spared during the
massacre that occurred in Greenwood District in Tulsa,
Oklahoma, US. Also known as the Tulsa race riot or the Black
Wall Street massacre is considered one of the deadliest terrorist
events in American history. More than 35 squire blocks of the
wealthiest black communities were destroyed (Tulsa Historical
Society and Museum, n.d.). The event began on the memorial
day when a 19 years old black shoe shiner Dick Rowland was
accused of assaulting Sarah Page, a 17 years old white elevator
operator. The event led to 39 deaths, of which 26 were blacks,
and 13 were whites.
Describe a key historical figure or group’s participation in your
historical event.
The Tulsa race massacre involved two main ethnic groups, the
whites and the blacks living in Greenwood District. The blacks
were involved in the massacre because of the rumors that spread
after Dick Rowland was arrested and taken to custody that
whites were surrounding the jail waiting to lynch him (Tulsa
Historical Society and Museum, n.d.). Seventy-five black men
with weapons went to the jail to ensure that The white mob did
not lynch dick, Rowland. The massacre also involved white
militants and jail sheriffs who wanted to control the situation
and bring culm to the jail premises. Other people involved in
the massacre included members of the right and left-wing
movements and civil movement leaders (Messer, 2021). It is
also clear from the inquest reports of the event that white city
officials participated in the massacre by providing weapons to
the white mob.
Explain the key historical figure or group’s motivation to
participate in your historical event.
Different factors instigated the participants in the Tulsa
massacre to participate in the event. Firstly, the black
Americans were motivated by the rumors that the white
Americans were daring to lynch Dick Rowland, who had been

accused of assaulting Sarah Page (Messer, 2021). They wanted
to ensure that Dick Rowland was safe in custody. Secondly, the
whites were motivated to participate in the following reports in
the newspaper that Dick Rowland tried to rape Sarah Page. They
were also motivated by the shooting of an old white man shot by
a black sheriff at the O. B. when trying to disarm the guard
(Krehbiel, 2019). There was an exchange of gunfire, and the
event left 10 whites and two blacks dead. These deaths
accelerated the riot to other parts of the neighborhood.
Articulate how the historical context caused or influenced your
chosen historical event.
The bad blood between the blacks and whites in America has
deep historical roots and is race-based. The lynching of the
black Americans accused of crimes was prevalent during this
period. It resulted in the death of many innocent people who
were not given a chance to defend themselves before the judge
(Messer, 2021). I chose this event because it provides historical
facts on how prejudice directed at black Americans increased
the level of racism in American society. It also exposes the root
cause of the tension that has prevailed over the years between
the blacks and the whites in American society.
Explain how connecting your historical event and current event
improves the understanding of your topic.
Racism in America is not new, but it has its roots in history.
Historians can best understand the origin of racism in American
society if they study historical events such as the Tulsa race
massacre (Messer, 2021). The event was not a civil riot, but it
was an ethnic clash pegged on the bad blood and malice
between the whites and the black races in America (Tulsa
Historical Society and Museum, n.d.). Racism is the main
reason why the Tulsa race massacre occurred. The event
exposes the damages, harms, and dangers associated with
racism. The event provides vital facts that inform society why it
should work to eliminate racism in America.
References

RT6yw4_YvUS4g
Tulsa Historical Society and Museum. (n.d.). 1921 Tulsa race
4
Alexis WatermanHIS 100 Module Three Activity Template:
Revising Questions
Identify a historical perspective that could be applied to your
historical event.
America has witnessed many massacres in its history. However,
one of the massacres that have been isolated from others
because of their magnitude is the Tulsa race massacre. The
Tulsa race massacre is unique in different dimensions. Firstly, it
was race or ethnic-based. Secondly, it lasted for a few days, but
the consequences were terrifying. The historical perspective
that can be attributed to the Tulsa race massacre is racism
between whites and minority ethnic groups, including blacks
(Tulsa Historical Society and Museum, n.d.). From my
standpoint, it is evident that the massacre could not have
sprouted if the idea of racism could not have taken over the

minds of the event participants. The whites could not have
planned to lynch Dick Rowland if they were not racists or were
not pushed by the spirit of racism.
Revise your research question based on evidence from your
primary and secondary sources.
· Original Research Question: Considering evidence from
primary and secondary sources, is it true that political figures
and city officials with racist ideas instigated the Tulsa race
massacre?
· Revised Research Question: Racism was the main cause of the
Tulsa race massacre in Greenwood District in Tulsa, Oklahoma.
Explain how historical perspective and evidence from sources
influenced your finalized research question.
African. Racism has been and remains to be the leading cause of
many massacres, wars, and misunderstandings between different
ethnic groups in America. Based on evidence from the
dissimilar primary and secondary sources consulted to complete
the current assignment, it is obvious that Dick Rowland was
accused of assaulting Sarah Page because he was black, and
Sarah was white (Messer, 2021). Again, it is evident that blacks
were fighting against whites who wanted to lynch Dick Rowland
because he was black, and this was a trend that was taking its
toll in America. The Tulsa massacre occurred at the time when
many black people accused of crimes had been lynched because
of racism.
References

HIS 100 Module Four Activity Template: Historical Narratives
Locate an additional secondary source relevant to your
historical event. Use all four of your sources (two primary and
two secondary) to answer the questions below. Replace the
bracketed text with your responses.
Attempt to write the APA style citations for your four sources.
Include links to each source. You will not be penalized for
incorrect citation format.
[Insert citation.]
[Insert citation.]
[Insert citation.]
[Insert citation.]
Compare the narratives presented in your primary and secondary
sources relevant to your historical event.
[Insert text.]
Describe one narrative that has significantly influenced the
contemporary understanding of your historical event.
[Insert text.]
Explain how the chosen narrative helps you better understand
your historical research question.
[Insert text.]
HIS 100 Module Two Activity Template: Historical Research
Question
This activity is your last chance to choose a topic. Topic
changes may be based on your research or instructor feedback.
Then write a historical research question that addresses an
aspect of your finalized topic. Replace the bracketed
text below with your responses.

Non-graded portion:
· Tulsa race massacre
Graded portion:
Write a clear, relevant, and focused research question about
your finalized topic.
The racial undercurrents currently rocking our society are
becoming ever stronger and the rifts that they are leaving in
their wake leave us with one question are these past events
relevant to today’s society? Through the Tulsa massacre, hoping
to point out their relevance in society today. I also hope to find
out the significance of these events to today’s society.
Explain how another person’s beliefs, assumptions, and values
may lead that person to create a different question than you.
After reading on the Tulsa massacre, it echoed several a few
first-hand experiences with racism in my life. One of such
experiences that bothers me happened a while back while in a
dollar store with my son and cousin who wanted to buy toy guns
so that they could play pretend police, as we were at the counter
we met a white woman and her son who seemed to like the toy
guns my son and cousin had as he thought them to be cool as
they made noise and would light up while making the noise. The
boy asked his mom if he could have one however, the woman
denied the boy’s request saying he would not become a little
thug, like my son and cousin.
Based on my personal experiences I do believe that racism is a
taught behavior, this comes from several generations of people
being told they were better than others based on the color of
their skin. I would personally never teach my children that they
are better than others solely based on the color of their skin. It
would be better to teach them to love and value themselves just
as much as they love anyone else.
The Tulsa race massacre is still relevant to modern society
today as racism is still prevalent in today’s society the simple

fact that there is still a debate on whether the Tulsa incident
was a riot or a massacre makes it even more relevant as it is a
clear sign that the color of a person’s skin makes others want to
treat and judge them differently and try to put them on a lower
standard as themselves, to gain an advantage or just to feel
better about themselves.
References
RT6yw4_YvUS4g
5
HIS 100 Module Three Activity Template: Historical Context
Describe the historical context surrounding your historical
event.

The Tulsa race massacre is one of American history's most
famous racial violence. The massacre took place between May
31 to June 1, 1921 (Krehbiel, 2019). It began when the mob
from the white race armed with weapons given to them by city
officials attacked black residents and destroyed their homes and
properties. Businesses of the blacks were not spared during the
massacre that occurred in Greenwood District in Tulsa,
Oklahoma, US. Also known as the Tulsa race riot or the Black
Wall Street massacre is considered one of the deadliest terrorist
events in American history. More than 35 squire blocks of the
wealthiest black communities were destroyed (Tulsa Historical
Society and Museum, n.d.). The event began on the memorial
day when a 19 years old black shoe shiner Dick Rowland was
accused of assaulting Sarah Page, a 17 years old white elevator
operator. The event led to 39 deaths, of which 26 were blacks,
and 13 were whites.
Describe a key historical figure or group’s participation in your
historical event.
The Tulsa race massacre involved two main ethnic groups, the
whites and the blacks living in Greenwood District. The blacks
were involved in the massacre because of the rumors that spread
after Dick Rowland was arrested and taken to custody that
whites were surrounding the jail waiting to lynch him (Tulsa
Historical Society and Museum, n.d.). Seventy-five black men
with weapons went to the jail to ensure that The white mob did
not lynch dick, Rowland. The massacre also involved white
militants and jail sheriffs who wanted to control the situation
and bring culm to the jail premises. Other people involved in
the massacre included members of the right and left-wing
movements and civil movement leaders (Messer, 2021). It is
also clear from the inquest reports of the event that white city
officials participated in the massacre by providing weapons to
the white mob.
Explain the key historical figure or group’s motivatio n to
participate in your historical event.

Different factors instigated the participants in the Tulsa
massacre to participate in the event. Firstly, the black
Americans were motivated by the rumors that the white
Americans were daring to lynch Dick Rowland, who had been
accused of assaulting Sarah Page (Messer, 2021). They wanted
to ensure that Dick Rowland was safe in custody. Secondly, the
whites were motivated to participate in the following reports in
the newspaper that Dick Rowland tried to rape Sarah Page. They
were also motivated by the shooting of an old white man shot by
a black sheriff at the O. B. when trying to disarm the guard
(Krehbiel, 2019). There was an exchange of gunfire, and the
event left 10 whites and two blacks dead. These deaths
accelerated the riot to other parts of the neighborhood.
Articulate how the historical context caused or influenced your
chosen historical event.
The bad blood between the blacks and whites in America has
deep historical roots and is race-based. The lynching of the
black Americans accused of crimes was prevalent during this
period. It resulted in the death of many innocent people who
were not given a chance to defend themselves before the judge
(Messer, 2021). I chose this event because it provides historical
facts on how prejudice directed at black Americans increased
the level of racism in American society. It also exposes the root
cause of the tension that has prevailed over the years between
the blacks and the whites in American society.
Explain how connecting your historical event and current event
improves the understanding of your topic.
Racism in America is not new, but it has its roots in history.
Historians can best understand the origin of racism in American
society if they study historical events such as the Tulsa race
massacre (Messer, 2021). The event was not a civil riot, but it
was an ethnic clash pegged on the bad blood and malice
between the whites and the black races in America (Tulsa
Historical Society and Museum, n.d.). Racism is the main
reason why the Tulsa race massacre occurred. The event

exposes the damages, harms, and dangers associated with
racism. The event provides vital facts that inform society why it
should work to eliminate racism in America.
References
RT6yw4_YvUS4g
Tulsa Historical Society and Museum. (n.d.). 1921 Tulsa race
[removed]
HIS 100 Module Four Activity Template: Bias in Primary
Sources
Locate an additional primary source relevant to your historical
event. Use it and the primary source you identified in a previous
module to answer the questions below. Replace the bracketed
text with your responses.
Source One
Conduct source analysis on a primary source relevant to your
historical event.
Attempt to write the APA style citation for your first primary
source and include a link to it. You will not be penalized for
incorrect format.
[Insert citation.]

Respond to the following questions:
Who authored or created the primary source?
[Insert text.]
What was the author’s position in society at the time the
primary source was created?
[Insert text.]
When was the primary source created?
[Insert text.]
Where was the primary source created, released, or publicized?
[Insert text.]
Who was the intended audience for the primary source?
[Insert text.]
Why was the primary source created?
[Insert text.]
Whose perspective(s) is presented in the source?
[Insert text.]
Source Two
Conduct a source analysis on a primary source relevant to your
historical event.
Attempt to write the APA style citation for your second primary
source and include a link to it. You will not be penalized for
incorrect format.
[Insert citation.]
Respond to the following questions:
Who authored or created the primary source?
[Insert text.]
What was the author’s or creator’s position in society at the

time the primary source was created?
[Insert text.]
When was the primary source created?
[Insert text.]
Where was the primary source created, released, or publicized?
[Insert text.]
Who was the intended audience for the primary source?
[Insert text.]
Why was the primary source created?
[Insert text.]
Whose perspective(s) is presented in the source?
[Insert text.]
Both Sources
Analyze the primary sources relevant to your historical event
for the presence of bias.
[Insert text.]
Compare how your historical event is represented in your
primary sources.
[Insert text.]
1

HIS 100 Module Two Activity Template Primary and Secondary Source

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HIS 100 Module Two Activity Template Primary and Secondary Source