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Nuclear Power Plant Pros & Cons Debate by Slidesgo.pptx
- 1. Nuclear Power “Nuclear power is one hell of a way to boil water.” - Albert Einstein By Arnava Bharadwaja, Soham Dogra
- 2. You can describe the topic of this section here Nuclear energy Table of contents You can describe the topic of this section here Disadvantages 03 You can describe the topic of this section here 01 Advantages 02 You can describe the topic of this section here Curiosities 04
- 3. 01 And how it works Nuclear energy
- 4. Nuclear power news Maximum power almost 92% of the time Capacity factor One of the safest ways to harvest energy Energy 99.9% fewer deaths than coal and other fossil fuels Fewer deaths
- 7. How does nuclear fission work?
- 8. Nuclear power plants and how they work
- 9. Turbine generator and control building
- 10. Workings of the power plant
- 11. Control rods
- 12. Heavy water and stuff
- 13. The rotor and electricity
- 14. Advantages 02
- 15. Advantages of nuclear energy 3 main reasons: ● Lives saved ● Reduced CO2 emission (obviously) ● New Tech and job ops Lets see how and why.
- 16. Lives saved
- 18. 5,098,320 MWh Energy generated by a nuclear plant per year 1,000,000 MWh Energy generated by a thermal power plant every year
- 19. Nuclear Powers and its economics ● Nuclear power is cost competitive with other forms of electricity generation, except where there is direct access to low-cost fossil fuels. ● There are a lot of job opportunities in the nuclear industry, few of which are Nuclear technician, Nuclear Engineer and Medical Physicists. Almost all of them have nearly 100k per year salary, with medical physicist having around 137k per annum. ● In assessing the economics of nuclear power, decommissioning and waste disposal costs are fully taken into account. ● There is still a lot of development happening in the nuclear sector currently, with ‘Fusion Tech’ being the main one. If this tech happens to be reality, it could technically mean that humans do not have to worry about energy, its production and wastes ever again.
- 20. 03 Disadvantages
- 21. Disadvantages of Nuclear energy 3 main reasons: ● Environmental effects ● Connection to nuclear weapons Lets see how and why.
- 23. Nuclear weapons and Accidents This is an image of the aftermath of chernobyl which was a big disaster.
- 24. Curiosities Pros and Cons, limitations of the tech and future possibilities 04
- 25. Pros and cons ● Low-cost energy ● Reliable power source ● Zero-carbon emissions ● Promising energy future ● High Energy density Pros Cons ● Environmental impact ● Water intensive ● Risk of nuclear accidents ● Radioactive waste
- 26. The future of Nuclear Energy
- 27. Alternative resources Vectores ● Flat nuclear bomb in a city ● Pollution concept with nuclear ● Flat design world habitat day Did you like the resources on this template? Get them for free at our other websites
- 28. -Power Point Presentation Done -Availability of this tech today Done -Current and projected costs $ Done -Effectiveness as an energy source vs what is currently being used (current vs future effectiveness) Done -Current limitations of the technology Done -Pro’s and Con’s of this tech and switching to this vs current forms Done ***Explain how it works scientifically*** Done ***Environmental impact on plants, animals, air, land and water*** Done -Impact on jobs…which jobs get lost, which jobs get added Done -Interesting facts or trivia Done -List of useful links or resources for further research complete the last slide for this ***In your opinion, should we pursue and invest in this or not? Explain why**** Done
Editor's Notes
- Since the days of the nazis and world war 2, people have feared nuclear power and its potential to destroy the planet and all life. However, people have also hoped nuclear power to be a souce of salvation. A source of clean enery without the side-effects of cardon based fuels and also which has high energy output. Truthfully, people are right to believe both of the perspectives, but thinking that nuclear power is only dangerous is very very wrong. Nuclear power might be dangerous, but it is also one of the most cleanest and by far the best way to generate fuel that humanity has ever found. Transition to next slide
- Because Nuclear Has The Highest Capacity Factor. This basically means nuclear power plants are producing maximum power more than 92% of the time during the year. That's about nearly 2 times more as natural gas and coal units, and almost 3 times or more reliable than wind and solar plants. Nuclear power is also by far the safest way to produce energy due to the numerous ways its fuel is handled and protected all over the world and also the reactors themselves are extremely safe and sturdy as they are made to handle enormous amounts of energy output. Nuclear power, in fact, results in 99.9% fewer deaths than brown coal; 99.8% fewer than coal; 99.7% fewer than oil; and 97.6% fewer than gas, making it as safe as wind and solar energy. So, let's take a look at how this amazing thing works! Transition to the next slide
- Nuclear power is the process of producing electricity using nuclear reactions. ## Show animations while saying the different ways to achieve nuclear power Most famous ways include nuclear fission, nuclear decay and most of all, the thing humanity want to achieve one day, nuclear fusion. Transition to next slide.
- The main way nuclear power is produced nowadays is by using Nuclear Fission. ## Show animations while saying the next paragraph Nuclear power plants mainly use Fission technology, because they can be contained. The main component (atom) used for this reaction is Uranium-235. Other technology like fusion cannot be used (currently) because they are too violent. Transition to next slide: The workings of nuclear fission is actually pretty simple.
- ## Show animations for all paras The Main fuel used in nuclear fission is Uranium 235. Uranium-235 is used because unlike its heavier counterpart, uranium-238, it contains 3 less neutrons which enables it to be split into smaller radioactive atoms. During the fission process, these uranium-235 atoms are bombarded with a neutron at high speeds. This causes the atom to split into 2 others: barium and a krypton nucleus, along with 2 or 3 neutrons, a few neutrinos. The released neutrons carry a small amount of energy released by the reaction. These neutrons then proceed onto bombard other U-235 atoms to create a self-sustaining nuclear reaction. Transition to next slide: Much of the energy from reaction, however, goes into the smaller atoms created during the reaction.
- ## Show animations!! Here’s where the nuclear power plant and its other mechanisms come in. A nuclear power plant is an extremely complex and ingenious way of harvesting nuclear energy. To understand how nuclear power plants harvest this energy, we have to know the different parts of the nuclear power plant. ## Use the video to voice over it for this part of the presentation. ## Point to the different buildings and write out their description (optional) First up, the containment building: The containment building is one of the most important parts of the plant. It contains the heart of the power plant inside it, called the ‘calandria’ (point/show this also) Transition to the next slide: Next up, is the turbine generator building.
- ## show animation This is the turbine generator. It houses the turbine and the generator. ## show animation. Next is the controlling building. This is where the scientists monitor and control the nuclear reactors.
- ## Show animation Now, as we have understood the various parts of the nuclear power plant, we will now look at how it actually works. ## Proceed will showing animations and explaining the process. As we explained earlier, the naturally occurring Uranium is the fuel. It is processed into pellets and sealed into metal tubes. Many of these tubes are welded together to form a fuel bundle. Almost 200 of these fuel bundles are then connected together again to form assemblies and inserted into the ‘Calandria’ contained inside the containment building. The reactor core usually contains a few of these assemblies in it.
- ## Show animation Now, in order to allow nuclear fission to proceed in a controlled manner, control rods exist between these assemblies. The control rods can be moved up and down to control the fission rate of Uranium. The nuclear power plant produces electricity using the heat from the fission reaction. But how exactly? Lets see. ## proceed onto showing how exactly it produces electricity. The calandria vessel is a cylindrical vessel housing lots of lattice tubes, which are filled with ‘heavy water’ that flows around the fuel bundles. Heavy water is found in all sources of water, such as rivers, ponds, seas, oceans etc… (use the image) Heavy water is around 10% heavier than normal water because it contains a heavier form of hydrogen (heavier isotopes), called deuterium. ## proceed to next slide
- ## show animation and images The heavy water flows around the fuel bundles and absorbs the tremendous amount of heat released by the fission process. This heated water then flows through a closed loop system that's pumped through the reactor to a steam generator, where it transfers the heat to ordinary water. When that water boils, it turns into steam. The steam is transported at high pressure through pipes to a large turbine where it pushes the blades of the turbine, thereby turning the shaft connecting the turbine and rotor in the generator. (remember the turbine generator?) ## proceed to next slide
- ## show images and animation The rotor is a huge electromagnet that produces rotating magnetic fields when it’s rotated through the turbine. Due to this process, electricity is then generated and then transferred to the transmission lines.
- ## Show animation or images Now that we have looked into how nuclear power is used to harvest electricity, let's look at the advantages of this technology and why we should use it.
- ## No animation on this slide I believe. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pVbLlnmxIbY Let us look at the 3 main reasons as to why nuclear energy is the extremely useful and needed. Reason 1: It saves lives. Lots of it. Reason 2: Nuclear energy reduces CO2 emissions (obviously) Reason 3: It is a new technology which means job opportunities. Let's look at the reasons more in depth. ## Transition to next slide.
- ## show animations In 2013, A NASA study found that nuclear energy has prevented around 1.8 million deaths between 1978 to 2009. Woah, pretty ironic and surprising, seeing that nuclear tech came about from nuclear bombs. It is actually so surprising that even if the deaths from Chernobyl and Fukushima, Nuclear energy ranks last ranks last in death per energy unit produced. This is to be expected because the nuclear waste is actually stored deep underground and heavily protected, whereas the toxic waste from thermal power plants are pumped into the air that we breathe every single day. ## Transition to the next slide.
- ## show animations and graphs Since 1976, about 64 gigatons of have NOT been pumped out thanks to nuclear power plants. And by the mid 21st century, that could amount to an additional 80-240 gigatons. Humanity’s energy consumption is ever rising. According to a number of U.S studies, China alone will add a new 600 Megawatt coal plant every 10 days for the next 10 YEARS! And since Coal is relatively cheap and easy to get to, everybody is going to be using it as the fuel. Looking at all this, Nuclear energy might be literally the only way to dampen out the effects of climate change. So compared to the current technology of using thermal energy from burning fossil fuels, Nuclear energy is cleaner and better. ## Transition
- Not only that, A single nuclear power plant can generate more than 5,098,320 Mega-watt-per-hour of energy every single year. Which, compared to a single thermal plant, is huge as one thermal power plant produces only 1 million MWh per year. ## Transition
- Since nuclear power is a new technology altogether, it has its own industry. Let us look at its economics: ## just read off the slide.
- Now let's look at the disadvantages of nuclear power.
- ## Read off the slide
- ## add plutonium pic and write its half life on the image. A major environmental concern related to nuclear power is the creation of radioactive wastes such as uranium mill tailings, spent (used) reactor fuel, and other radioactive wastes such as plutonium, which takes hundreds of thousands of years to decay. If any of these materials are exposed to the environment, huge amounts of property and ecological destruction will follow. For example, if the nuclear waste is spilled in even a small amount of area, Plants and animals within the affected area take up radioactive particles, and these move through the ecosystem through bioaccumulation. Radiation pollution within waterways also accumulates within fish and other aquatic organisms, and runoff from radiation within the soil provides additional contamination.
- ## show animations Not only that, the plutonium waste can also be used for other purposes such as for nuclear bombs through a process called ‘reprocessing’ of nuclear waste. These nuclear bombs can cause extreme damage, with just one being able to wipe out an entire city. And the countries cannot even hope to safeguard this nuclear waste deep underground because how can a country which has existed at most 200 years, hope to safeguard something with a half-life of 24,000 years? Moreover, accidents happen, like always. We already know about some examples from the Chernobyl and fukushima disasters. People from at least a radius of 30km from the disaster zone must be evacuated and the land becomes extremely hostile for any kind of life to exist due to high amounts of radioactivity.
- ## Read of the slide
- Pros: 1) Compared to the expensive fossil fuels, except if you are a country with a natural supply of it, nuclear fuel such as Uranium is cost-effective. 2) It is an extremely reliable power source as the power output only fluctuates little compared to thermal power plants. This means that nuclear power plants pretty much have the same power output throughout the year. 3) Nuclear energy is zero-carbon, as explained earlier. 4) Nuclear technology has a lot of potential in it, and new technologies such as Fusion can make the industry worth almost 40 trillion dollars in the future, 5) Nuclear power plants also produce a lot of power, with just 440 plants around the world producing 10% percent of the world’s electricity. Cons: 1) Nuclear TECHNOLOGY is dangerous. If used wrongly, there can be huge disasters affecting the environment and biodiversity and also genetic-diversity around the Earth. Hmm, a thought, if radioactivity causes mutations, then does genetic-diversity increase? 2) A lot of water is polluted in a nuclear power plant. And for countries away from a huge water source, this is a huge limitation in terms of upgrading to nuclear tech. 3) as with anything, there are always risks with things going wrong. However, a nuclear accident is no simple accident to just repair it. If one is caused, huge environmental disasters will follow. 4) And lastly, highly radioactive waste is produced. This radioactive waste should be safeguarded extremely lest if may cause an accident or something even more dangerous, such as being used as a fuel for nuclear weapons. Overall, Our main opinion is that nuclear energy wins out and is a far, far better alternative to the current technology of thermal power plants and also other zero-carbon tech such as solar and wind.
- There are a lot of advancements in nuclear technology, mainly being the fusion tech. Fusion technology’s main principal is the same as the sun’s. Use nuclear fusion, a process in which smaller atoms are combined into larger atoms, releasing tremendous amounts of energy which having almost zero waste. The main limitations of this technology is that it is still largely theoretical, since fusion requires temperatures near 1 million degrees C, to start ignition. While the sun can do this because of gravity, this brute-force method will not work on earth and I think you know why. Secondly, the cost. Nuclear fusion might be incredibly costly to build due to all of the advance tech needed for it to work. It's a 10 billion dollar gamble. But, if investing it means Extremely high amounts of energy for everyone, with just a single glass of water worth as much as a barrel of petroleum in terms of energy output, with virtually no waste, then why not? If Humans have always found out ways to achieve incredible things, then one day we can surely grasp fusion. Thank you. ## The end