Full Details of Mushroom cultivation...Hope it helps .Thanks you

1. Mushroom Cultivation
SUMAN SHAW

2. What Is Mushroom?
Fungus: any of a diverse group of eukaryotic
single celled or multinucleate organisms that live
by decomposing and absorbing the organic
material in which they grow.
Plural is Fungi

3. EXAMPLES OF FUNGI
Mushrooms
Molds
Mildews
Smuts
Rusts
Yeasts

4. Mushrooms have no chlorophyll (a green pigment in
plants), so they don't need sunshine to grow and
thrive. Some of the earliest commercial mushroom
farms were actually set up in caves in France
during the reign of King Louis XIV (1638-1715).
Nutritional Values

5. Mushrooms are an excellent source of copper, a mineral
that the body needs to produce red blood cells and for
other functions.
Mushrooms have significant amounts of B-complex
vitamins
Mushrooms have significant amounts of B-complex
vitamins

6. Some Edible Mushroom
1)Hericium erinaceus
2)Grifola frondosa
3)Pleurotus ostreatus
4) Coprinus comatus
5) Pleurotus sajor -caju

7. Cultivation Methodology
Selection of substrate
Collection of substrate
Sterilization of substrate
Bag filling and inoculation
Incubation
Harvesting

8. Selection of substrate
Pleurotus can be grown on various agricultural
wastes like rice straw, wheat straw, corn cobs, saw
dust and various leaves , cotton waste sugarcane
bugasses and leaves. Rice straw is common
substrate in context of Nepal. Following substrate
was used in our experiment

9. After collection green
leaves were removed.
Straw was cut to a
length of 5cm and
soaked in water
overnight.Excess water
was drained off from
straw, leaves and saw
dust and made ready
for sterilization.
Sterilization was done
with the help of
metallic drum.
Sterilization of substrate

10. Bag filling and inoculation
Cultivation of mushroom
was carried out in
transparent polythene bags
of size 14*22 inches. Then
bags were filled with
substrate. Spawn was
spread in every layer of
substrate of 6-8 cm height
and pressed the substrate
to make bag compact.
Spawn was shown on upper
side of last layer and
covered it with thin layer of
substrate. A mixed
substrate bag was also
made.

11. Incubation
It is the processing of providing suitable environment to run the mycelium well in
substrate. The packed bags were incubated in well ventilated room where uniform
temperature was maintained. During spawning there was nearly 85-88% relative
humidity. For three weeks bags were placed in dark room where no light intensity is
available. At the 18th days after spawning, plastic bags were removed. Plastic was
removed when the substrate was covered with white mycelium growth. The pin
head was started appearing after one week of plastic cutting.
Irrigation
Within 20 days the mycelium grows in size and polythene had cut carefully.
Spraying water by hand every day so that there would be about 85% humidity.

12. Harvesting
Mushroom was harvested when the cap had diameter of 8-10
cm. First picking was done 10 days after cutting. Picking was
done by holding the pinhead with finger tips and twisting
gently and pulling simultaneously so that it was pulled out
without leaving any stub and also nearby fruiting bodies had
not disturbed. Four harvesting was done.

13. Morphology of pleurotus sajor caju
Pileus
The young sporephore was small, white and button like. the mature
sporephore is fan like and expanded .
Stipe
The stipe was inconspicuous. The stipe was short ,lateral and grey or white
color.
Gills
On the lower side of the cap, there are numerous gills running from the
of the margin of the pileus. The gills were three types namely long gills
medium gills and short gills.They are arranged alternatively. Each of the gills
bears numerous haploid basidospore.

15. Precautions
Good quality substrate should be used.
The substrate used should be well sterilized.
Excess water from substrate should be removed.
Substrate should be cooled before spawning.
Packing should be done with sterilized hands.

16. Thank You