API CollegeSBM 1101 & 1102 &1201Project Fundamentals 1，.docx

API College
SBM <1101 & 1102 &1201>
<Project Fundamentals 1，2， 3>
Improving the public transportation system
in Hanoi, Vietnam
Team Member Names:
201403459 thu ha nguyen
201501355 aiai chen
20 September 2015
SBM <1201> <Improving the public transportation system in
Hanoi, Vietnam> Page 2
Table of Contents
1 Project title 3
2 Introduction 3
3 Project Information 3
3.1 Project background 3
3.2 SWOT Project Analysis (strengths, weaknesses,
opportunities and threats)4
3.3 Scope statement 4

3.4 Objectives, assumptions and perceived constraints 5
3.5 Expected outcomes/benefits 5
3.6 Expected outputs and application 6
3.7 SBM1201: High level WBS (project phases) 7
3.8 SBM1201: High level project timeline 8
3.9 Success criteria 9
4 Literature Review 9
4.1 Strategic Intent&Business Case&Framework and
Governance 9
4.2 Stakeholders, communication and integration management
11
4.3 Scope management 12
4.4 Time management 13
4.5 Cost Management 13
5 Project Planning and Methodology 14
5.1 The strategies to ensure the project is business case
driven/proper integration management 14
5.2 The strategies for the management of Human Resources,
communication and Stakeholder Management Teams
Management 15
5.3 The strategies for the management of Project Scope, Time
and Cost 17
5.4 Change management approach 17
6 Summary 19
7 Bibliography 20
Project title
Improving the public transportation system in Hanoi,
VietnamIntroduction
The aim of this project is to improve public transportation
system and upgrade existing public infrastructure in Hanoi,
Vietnam. Traffic issue has becoming the worst problem for a
long period of time. By experiencing fast growth in national as

well as local economic development, demands for public
transport increasing as expected; whereas local residents and
road users are apparently not satisfied with current poor
transpiration system. Therefore, actions should be done and
improvement project is required.
This report will outline details of the project, how it will be
managed and the measures to ensure its success. Objectives with
assumptions and constrains of this project are identified.
Following by the expected benefits and outcomes of this
project. SWOT analysis regarding on the project’s strength,
weakness, opportunity and threat is also demonstrated within
this report. Beside, the report will also provides a high level of
Work Breakdown Structure and timeline of the project.
The last section are based on literature review on several
aspects, include strategic intent, business case and framework
and governance. In addition, the major focuses on literature
review are basically about Project Management Body of
Knowledge (PMBOK). The main knowledge areas examined in
this report are stakeholders, human resources, communication,
integration, scope, time and cost management.
Project Information
Project background
Hanoi, as the capital city of Vietnam is facing the most pressing
problem: transportation. The most obvious phenomenon in
Hanoi is that the majority of road users are riding motorbikes.
Public transport services in Hanoi only play a minor role in
people’s daily life. The traffic jams around the city is common
and even in non-rush hours. The following reasons are
concluded as the main causes of these phenomenon:
· Poor infrastructure in the city: the roads are too narrow to
provide separate lanes for public transport;
· Public transport development lags behind: bus layout is not
reasonable, lack of public buses, inefficient operation of the
transportation system, poor service standards;
· Low awareness of local people: people or participants do not

obey the traffic rules, lower reliance on public transportation
system
The project focuses on the improvement of public transportation
in Hanoi. Though Vietnam is still a developing country, the
country itself is on the move by experiencing economic growth
and so is Hanoi. The rapid growth of development in Hanoi
attract more people pour into Hanoi from other provinces in
order to get a good job or find a better life, then raises the
demand for public transportation. Beside, as a popular
destination for tourists, the current inconveniences also create
problems.
SWOT Project Analysis (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities
and threats)
Strengths:
- Reduce accidents and improve safety issues
- Improve environment by reducing pollution and traffic jams
- Convenient and comfort for natives and tourists
Weaknesses:
- Project is very complex
- Likely to be costly
- Requires longer period of time
- People need to adapt to the new transport system
Opportunities:
- Support from national government
- Receiving international support
- Project may improve local economy
- Project will boost public image of Hanoi
- Increasing demand for public transport by local people

Threats:
- Availability of funds of national government
- Financial resources for the improvement is heavily depend on
foreign countries
- Changes in process for fulfilling roles and responsibilities for
transport sector by administrative unit
- Time difference between formulating the transport policy and
implementing the policy
Scope statement
The scope of the project will cover the planning, developing,
implementation and finalisation of the infrastructure for public
transport in Hanoi. Though the transport sector comprises
multiple transports, while the main focus of this project only
include roads and railways, there’s no activities relate ports,
waterways, shipping and highways.
Basically, the project looking at upgrading the quality and
condition of existing roads and railways, with further action to
built or open new routes to connect major economic centres in
Hanoi. The issue of road safety will be another significant
aspect of this project.
Objectives, assumptions and perceived constraints
The project aims to:
· Encourage an effective and efficient public transportation
system.
· Promote convenient and comfortable transport condition and
services.
· Manage traffic jams effectively.
· Reduce the frequency of traffic accident and address safety
issues.
· Instruct local people to use public transport instead

motorbikes and obey traffic rules.
· Reduce air pollution to improve and protect the environment.
· Enhance a better quality of life of residents and land users.
· Create a more attractive image of Hanoi for tourists and also
develop local economy.
In order to meet the objectives of the project, it is assumed that:
· Key project members are available all the time and have
professional knowledge;
· Key project members are responsible and work efficiently
under normal circumstances.
· Workers involved in the project have basic required skills to
complete their work.
· Materials needed for construct infrastructure is enough and
delivered on time.
· The project is support by foreign investors and governments
with both financial resources as well as technical assistance.
· Projects are undertaking under normal condition without
natural disasters.
The perceived constraints of the project include:
· Uncertain economic times and business conditions.
· Availability of sufficient funds from national government and
foreign supporters.
· Lack of skilled human resources.
· Lack of advanced technology and not familiar with the new
technology applied.
· Poor communication between project participants.
Expected outcomes/benefits
· Reasonable planning and re-organizing of the public buses
will increase the efficiency of transportation operation.
· The improvement of the infrastructure will provide

comfortable and convenient public transport.
· Effective management will help to reduce traffic congestion.
· Minimise the use of motorbikes will reduce the number of
road accidents and therefore enhance safety issues.
· Encouragement of riding public transport effectively reduces
pollution and change air quality, which is benefit forthe
environment.
· To improve the traffic consciousness of natives, abide by
traffic regulations.
· Enhance the image of Hanoi, and promote economic
development.
Expected outputs and application
· Improvement of infrastructure for public transport, include
upgrade and improve the quality of existing roads and railways’
condition; and also built new routes to connect key economic
centers of both roads and railways;
· Completion of the road safety activities, such as installation of
traffic signs and signals, street lights, road markings and speed
reduction;
· Advanced public transportation awareness and conscious, road
user and driver education of traffic regulations;
· Set separate lane for public buses and provide quality services
and facilities for both bus and railway stations;
· Environment is protected as a result of encouragement of
using public transport instead of private cars or motorbikes.

SBM1201: High level WBS (project phases)
SBM1201: High level project timeline
Success criteria
The project is measured against some performance criteria that
indicate whether the project is successful or not. Success
criteria regarding on this project include:
· Accomplish the project before deadline or finish on time;
· Achieve an effective public transportation and bring about an
efficient transportation system;
· The cost of project is not overrun which is within the budget;
· Stakeholders such like residents and road users as well as
government are satisfied;

· Number of accident caused by riding motorbikes reduced by a
large amount;
· Lesson the problem from air pollution
Literature ReviewStrategic Intent & Business Case &
Framework and Governance
At first, I want to summary the status of the public
transportation in Hanoi. Nowadays, the urban view is impressed
by the significant increase of individual vehicles so Vietnamese
government implemented a public transportation system which
includes useful transportation means to reduce the status of
traffic jams. Public transportation is like a new orientation for
planning the urban transportation policy. However, the
problems of environment pollution and traffic jams are
becoming more and more serious. In addition, the development
speed of public transportation is quite slow. Meanwhile, an
essential demand to society is developing public transportation.
The rapid urbanization speed also creates many troubles in
urban transportation management. Although the bus network
develops fast in Hanoi a few recent years, its distribution has
not been regular. On streets such as Thai Ha, Chua Boc, Nguyen
Trai, Truong Chinh or routes in new urban areas, in rush hours,
the image of three or four continuous buses move slowly still
appears regularly. There have not been bus routes which gain
quality standards. In Hanoi, taxis appear everywhere, for
example, schools or hospitals. Hospitals are always the good
place for taxi drivers to earn money. Too many taxis make
ambulances difficult to go into hospitals. In almost schools,
parking taxis on roadway occurs regularly. It seems that Hanoi
is having a surplus of taxis. Vancouver points out that
pedestrians can only access several streets in the old section of
Hanoi because it is crowed of taxis in the evening, especially
Friday evenings (2015). According to Travelfish (n.d.), in the
airport, some taxi firms “operate and they have a board up
listing prices — it should cost 380,000 VND for a standard

four-seater car (not per person!)”. This price is much more
expensive than the price of buses.
· Analysis of using frequency of bus users in Hanoi:
Income (thousand VND)
Once a week
Every day
Rarely
Total
< 300
1.20%
11.50%
11.20%
23.90%
300 - 800
7.30%
25%
18.80%
51.20%
900 - 1,600
3.70%
7%
10.30%
21.00%
1,700 - 2,600
1.30%
0.40%
2.20%
3.90%
Total
13.50%
44.00%

42.50%
100.00%
A questionnaire survey is implemented to analyse the using
frequency of bus users. The above result bases on the users’
income levels. According to the table, in 3.9% of people who
have a high income level (1,700,000 VND to 2,600,000 VND),
the percentage of people who use bus once a week is 1.3% and
the percentage of people who use bus every day is just 0.4%;
2.2% people who rarely use this means. Meanwhile, in 23.9% of
people who have a low income level(under 300,000 VND), the
number of people who travel by bus everyday accounts for
11.5% and the number of people who travel by bus once per
week accounts for 1.2%; people who travel by this means
accounts for 11.2%. This result can show that government
officers who have high income do not have much demand for
using bus. People who have demand for bus are individuals who
have low income and they are almost students.
Finally I will summary solutions to improve public
transportation in Hanoi. The bus route should be more
appropriate with the travel demand and have cheaper fee
(should be 3,000 or 5,000 VND as before). In general, buses are
convenient. Now there are two city buses that connect Hanoi
city center with NoiBai Airport (buses number 7 and number
17) (Hanoi Airport Guide, n.d.). From 5 a.m to 10 p.m, buses
run each 15 to 20 minutes and this should be kept. In the future,
Hanoi should supply more buses in this aspect. Hanoi also
should implement the project of urban railway route. Each trip
of the railway route should carry about from 1,200 to 1,500
passengers and there should be hundreds trips each day. I think
that the above quantity is reasonable because if this is
implemented, the quantity of people who join in traffic by
individual vehicles can be reduced to 50%, comparing to the
present. People can relax when they travel by the urban railway.
For instance, they can read newspaper, listen to music, sleep or

talk. In the other words, this transportation means can meet
almost of people needs. It is also important to reasonably
arrange stop stations because this can determine whether people
select to travel by public transportation or not. Urban trains
should have outstanding advantages in the safety of control
technologies, speed and strongly monitoring about operation
and technology to make users feel peace when using. No need to
invest in individual vehicles, users will have a more reasonable
individual fee for using train. Another public transportation
means, which need to improve in Hanoi, is cyclo. According to
Trip Advisor (n.d.), “a cyclo is a small 2 person (preferably 1
person) rickshaw that is pushed by a pedal bike”. Passengers
will be taken around Hanoi and supplied a reality about the
traffic congestion. Taxis should be distributed with an
appropriate quantity on the roadway. One of the goals of the
government is developing a public transportation system with
the objective of raising its rate in 2020 to 35% or 45% the total
travel demand of the whole city (Ashui, n.d.). People also
should have appropriate behaviors to enjoy the civilization and
safety in public transportation means. Generally, the cost for
improvement in public transportation by the government is
estimated to be approximately 800 million USD by using
minibus, trams around the city, railway service improvement,
etc. Vietnam can learn some effective solutions, which are
applied by some countries.
For example, Japan applies compact city index that “measures
the performance of physical urban forms with regard to compact
city policies” (Urban Studies, 2015). It is found that even
though physical urban forms of cities that are applied this index
are greatly sprawled, they can gain urban compactness in the
time aspect by utilization of well-networked public transport
systems.
In Korea, the development of an intelligent transport system
(ITS) Master Plan shows the heavy reliance which is placed on
measures of ITS to motivate a shift to larger usage of public
transport and facilitate both the management of congested

highway networks (Transport Reviews, 2001).
The transportation research in Dubai tested and developed a
parsimonious conceptual model of meeting demand for tourists
who use public transportation services with value and quality
that are postulated to affect value (Journal of Travel & Tourism
Marketing, 2014).
In Perth, a city in Western Australia, the routing and planning
of newest passenger has been strongly grounded in land use
planning with active pursuit of chances for transit-oriented
development (TOD) (Planning Practice & Research, 2008).
Stakeholders, communication and integration management
There are some reasons that explain why the above status
occurs. These reasons start from some disadvantages of public
transportation. The problem of traffic safety and the status of
transportation in the city are more and more serious because
most people in Hanoi have not been similar with using public
transportation means nowadays. Conditions of social
infrastructure management and organization has not been
appropriate to individual needs such as going to the market or
driving children to school and picking them up to home. People
are also not similar with the manner of walking from home to
bus stop. Parents drive their children to school then pick them
up and drive to tutorials in many different locations because
parents and teachers are not unified in solutions of driving
students by school bus. The traffic jams is considered as a result
of this. Cannot being “door-to-door” is the common
disadvantage of public transportation means. This means that
users will be forced to walk because of the distance between bus
stop and their house or office as well as the distance between
one bus route and another bus route. Moreover, when they bring
much individual fitment, the trouble will be increased.
· Analysis key reasons why people do not travel by bus in
Hanoi:
Trip time
Long waiting time

House near workplace
Crowded and noisy
Not on time
Long walking distance
Total
<9
0.80%
5.40%
0.80%
0.80%
15.70%
23.50%
10 – 19
3.70%
10.70%
6%
2.70%
16.70%
39.80%
20 – 29
2.70%
3.40%
3.40%
0.80%
6%
16.30%
30 – 39
0%
1.40%
1.40%
0%
6.70%
9.50%
40 - 49
0.80%
1.40%

0.80%
0.80%
2.70%
6.50%
> 60
0%
0%
0%
1.40%
3%
4.40%
Total
8.00%
22.30%
12.40%
6.50%
50.80%
100.00%
Another survey, which explains reasons why some people do not
like travelling by bus, is summarized in the above table. The
two important reasons are house near workplace and long
walking distance. The total percentage of people who do not use
bus because their house is near their workplace is 22.3% and the
total percentage of people who do not use bus because they have
to walk for a long distance to reach the bus stop is 50.8%.
Although the bus usage is not influenced much by other reasons
– long waiting time (8%), crowded and noisy (12.4%) and not
on time (6.5%); these reasons contribute to poor development of
bus service in Hanoi.
Scope management
For a project manager, knowledge on scope area is very
important. Scope can be described as a project’s boundaries,
which distinguish the task involved in the project, and the work
it would not be included in the particular project. The project

scope is the part of project planning that involves determining
and documenting a list of specific project goals, deliverables,
tasks, costs and deadlines (Tech Target n.d.). Scope may refer
to product scope and project scope under the project context
(PMBOK, 2008). Project scope is work-oriented that
emphasized on how to complete the work and work to be done
to deliver a product or result; whereas product scope is refer to
the “features and functions that characterize a product, service
or result”, and its more oriented toward what will the project
produce (Team FME, 2014).
Project scope management is one of the most important parts in
project management. This includes the procedures required to
make sure all the work related are on the right track to
accomplish project successfully. Once again, the major concern
is define and control what is or is not covered in the project.
(PMBOK, 2008). A scope management plan could contribute
benefit to scope management. The properly used of scope
management plan help manage triple constraint of time, cost and
quality of the project (Mastal, 2013). Generally, The scope
management plan proves the process to evaluate whether a task
is within the scope; it also describes roles and duties of all the
participants within the process. Lastly, it sets priorities for the
project and also make schedule for the project. (Mastal, 2013).
Poor scope management practices could cause the failure of
project. One of common problem is change during the project
process. Of the last step of project scope management is control
the scope, this means the controlling changes to the project is
essential. According to PMBOK, scope change control system,
performance measurement and additional planning are three
tools and techniques for scope change control. Changing scope
is not always has bad effect while a project is underway and in
many cases it’s a good thing which mentioned by Mochal
(2004). However, this would be an evil proposition in the case
of scope creep. Scope creep refer by Mochal(2004) is the case
that a large number of small changes happens to a particular
project, while all these small changes are combined, the project

requires much more workload and goes beyond the budget
ultimately delay in duration. Scope creep cause troubles also
agreed by Yang,Chu and Huang (2013) after the research done
demonstrate that many contributing factors delayed the project
fulfillment.
Time management
Project time management is seen as the core aspects of project
management. In terms of PMBOK guideline (2008) the time
management consist of defining activities, estimating the time
period of activities, scheduling tasks and ensuring work could
be done within planned schedule. Ahmadi and Golabchi (2013)
advocate that projects without careful planning are set up to
fail. Therefore, time management is crucial part for all
successful projects. There are six processes consist of time
management according to PMBOK guideline: activity
definition, activity sequencing, activity duration estimating,
activity resource estimating, schedule development and
schedule control.
These six main processes provide an instructor to develop
capacity to plan and complete within deadline. They are
interacting with each other and each phase involves effort from
project team members that required by the project’s needs
(PMBOK, 2008).
Knowing and learning to recognize urgent and important tasks
is a significant aspect of project time management (Pearce n.d.).
Pearce explained that important works might deal sooner other
than later especially for a long-term project; however, the
important works are not necessarily urgent. So a project
manager should distinguish between urgent and important
issues.
Cost Management
PMBOK reveal the primary concentration of project cost

management is the cost of resources required in order to
accomplish project works. Robert and Tichacek (2006) suggest
that cost management is a process rather than a discipline,
which requires the integration of effort and inputs from all the
participants involved and use prescribed methodologies. The
required different methodologies should at a higher level used
by the project team. It is suggest that project cost management
is a complex issue, and professionals have to willing to make
much effort as well as intelligence to properly manage cost
(Robert et al, 2006). This is because for project such as
construction and the development of infrastructure, cost overrun
is common reason makes a project fail (Smith, 2007).
Cost management “identifies, collects, measures, classifies, and
reports information that is useful to managers for determining
the costs of products, customers, and suppliers, and other
relevant objects and for planning, making continuous
improvements, and decision making” (Hansen &Mowen, 2006).
Effective cost management leads to timely, wisely, correctly
and perceptively spending (Robert et al, 2006). Normally, there
are four major processes within cost management based on
PMBOK: resource planning, cost estimating, budgeting and cost
control.
Cost management in projects affected by the project’s level of
complexity (Kujala, Brady &Putila, 2014). Complex projects are
usually with a broader scope and complicated deliveries
(Hobday, Davies &Prencipe, 2005). By classifying the scope
and technological applied of the project would help to
understand how complex project is as suggest by Hobday et al.
Furthermore, recent studies and empirical researches extended
understanding of complex project. And describe as complex
projects are related to size of project, involved various elements
as well as uncertainty of project (Kujala et al, 2014). Project
Planning and MethodologyThe strategies to ensure the project is
business case driven/proper integration management
Different methodologies applied regarding on different projects

as their various natures, type and size. The following are some
common and popular methodologies that could be used:
· Adaptive Project Framework
It is assumed that the time and the cost are constant for the
project, but the scope is adjusted in order to achieve maximum
business value from the project.
· PRINCE2
This is a flexible method basically takes a process-based
approach to project management.
· Agile Software Development
The key features of agile are its short-termed delivery cycles,
agile requirements, dynamic team culture, less restrictive
project control and emphasis on real-time communication. This
method requires for a project that needs extreme agility in
requirements.
· Crystal Methods
Under crystal method, the project processes are given low
priority. The major emphasize is on team communication, team
member skills, people and interaction.
Each project management methodology carries its own strengths
and weaknesses, selecting the most suitable one could be a
confusing task, as too much factors have to be considered.
Therefore, the proper combination of these methodologies could
be applied to ensure the project is on the right track.
In addition to these formal methodologies, meetings are
definitely necessary and must be held regularly. Not like

individual face-to-face, telephone and computer, communicate
in the form of meetings is more formal and raises more attention
by people participated. As meetings allow people to develop
relationships, pick up on important body language or tone of
voice, and have a dialogue to help resolve problems. Within a
meeting, important issues could be further addressed and
problems could be solved more effectively. It is also an
occasion to inform information required and exchange ideas that
might be useful. The achievement of teamwork could also be
examined during a meeting.
The use of project management information systems such like
several types of software could also helpful. In order to make
sure the project is defined business case driven and under
proper integration management, formal documents and
presentations are needed. Besides, certain tracking record can
be done with spreadsheets or databases. Moreover, managers
and members still could use e-mails or Internettools to
communicate.
Finally, it is important to providing leadership and a supportive
culture. Organisation culture provides guidelines and templates
and to ensure tracking performance based on plans. For a
success of the project, sharing the same value and aiming at the
same goal is quite important and necessary.
The strategies for the management of Human Resources,
Management
Management of human resources is an important part of an
integral project. Plan human resource management is a tool to
manage and support the activities of human resources
throughout the project, from the beginning until the end. The
management plan of human resources, including:
1. Roles and responsibilities of team members throughout the
project.

2. Project Organization Chart
3. HR management plan include:
+ How to resources will be achieved
+ Timeline for resources
+ The training needed to develop skills
+ How to evaluate work performance
+ The recognition and reward
The purpose of the management plan of human resources to
achieve project success by ensuring appropriate human
resources to be acquired with the necessary skills, training
resources if there are gaps in the skills are identified, the team-
building strategy is clearly defined, and the group activities are
managed effectively.
We divide the work for each member of the group and its
members will be responsible for their part throughout the
project. Then we look at the process of implementation of
human resource management. Because this process including
recruitment, training, management and development, we will
contact the company that provides human resources to find out
what the individual fit our project - improving in public
transport system in Hanoi. We also contacted experts in the
field of training-to-training resources and divide them into
teams, groups that they will perform tasks corresponding to
each group according to ability and vie.
Our project involves the movement of people in the city, to help
them easily moved by public transport. However,lots of
encouragementand much more persuasion as well as counselling
required so that they see the convenience in travel by public
transport. To accomplish this task we need to communicate with
people to explain to them about the positive aspects of the
project after it is done. The team of volunteers will help us to
communicate, advise and persuade people. The reward will be
considered for the team, group or individual achievements in
work.
The following chart shows the relationship in the work of the
members in the project. If any have the proposed changes, need

to hold a meeting to adopt and jurisdiction belongs to the
project manager. After having decided on the change, all of the
project documentation will be updated and reported to the
appropriate stakeholders.
Project Manager
Design Engineers
Implementation Manager
Training Expert
Functional Managers
Department Managers
Requirements Gathering
A
R
R
C
C
I
Coding Design
A
R
C
C
I
Coding Input
A
R
Technology
Testing
A
R

C
I
I
Network Preparation
A
C
R
I
I
Implementation
A
C
R
C
C
C
Conduct Training
A
R
C
C
Key:
R – Responsible for completing the work
A – Accountable for ensuring task completion/sign off
C – Consulted before any decisions are made
I – Informed of when an action/decision has been made
During the project implementation, we have contact with
various stakeholders such as the local government (Hanoi City
council) where the project will be carried out, the locals,
tourists, the media company, the promoters and the companies
or organizations will provide funding to our project execution.

We will be in regular contact with our main stakeholders and
will apply various communication methods, depending on the
purpose that we want to transmit to the different objects.
We are also in regular contact with members in order to update
the status of the project as well as to share information or
experiences. We regularly communicate with team members by
email, fax, phone, or text message and will hold periodic
meetings to report to the project manager. However, those
important decisions should be consulted by everyone in the
group, the meeting will be held shortly to issue needed to be
resolved.
Manage stakeholders and meet the needs of the stakeholders are
very important in the project. The appropriate communication to
get good relationships at work is one of the success factors for
the project. Clarity, transparency and timeliness are particularly
important for the stakeholders because the information clearly
and accurately is important to the project, and sometimes it
affects the decision of the stakeholders and project manager.
The strategies for the management of Project Scope, Time and
Cost
With the aim of developing the capacity of project management
basics, focusing on knowledge management of three core
projects in accordance with the modern standards such as
project management guide Body of Knowledge (PMBOK)
include those following:
Manage project scope planning, evaluation and management of
change: Distributed in the period associated project outcomes
strategic nature. The definition of systems, tools, processes and
competencies are necessary to assess the scope and integrated
elements of the project, including assessing the value and
optimize on the lifetime of the project.
Manage project time planning, scheduling and management

Progress: The degree of control appropriate, evaluate the
progress of the project ahead of schedule, time management
strategy, to draw up plans and the sequence of activities,
develop and coordinate schedules with resource use plans as
well as computer software applications in the planning and
optimization time.
Planning for the project cost management, budgeting and
financial management: cost estimation, planning and control,
define budgets and cash flow as well as identifying means,
frequency and change management methodology a systematic
manner. The report on the exception, forecast management costs
tolerance, budget management reporting provisions. All these
things are generally a better control of the financial
management of the project.
We need to understand the triple constraints, communicating
Triple constraints and monitoring Triple constraints. Right from
the start, the project manager needs to know that the
management of scope, time and cost are interrelated. If one of
the three attributes that change or fluctuate will also affect the
other two.
The Triple Constraint is understood as one of the most
important mechanisms and priority applications such as an
interaction with other important attributes in a project. The full
awareness of the function and its mission is an important aspect
of the role and responsibility of the project manager.
Combined with the regular review, update the financial
situation, budget and collects reports on financial information
during different periods of the project will help to avoid
excessive expense funding. The problems is found and the
potential risks would easily be overcome before is too late.
Change management approach
It is believed that change is the only constant in the world. This
is true for everything, definitely appeared in any business
organisations as well as all the projects. Since change will
inevitably happen, make effort to benefit from change is more

useful and crucial. In order to benefit from change we need to
know how to manage change effectively. Therefore, change
management is important. The change management process
outlined below will be the recommended approach we are going
to utilize for our project. Namely, 8-Step change management
process suggest by Kotter is our preferred approach.
Kotter’s 8 step change management processes list as follows:
· Step 1: Create Urgency
A change is only successful if the whole company really wants
it. Develop a sense of urgency around the need for change might
help the idea well received at the initiation of the project.
People at management level and project manager have
responsibilities to identify and discuss potential threats and
crises in order to show what could happen in the future, they
also need to examine opportunities that could be exited. Then
get involved of all the key stakeholders with formal discussion
about the changes that might occur with convincing reasons.
· Step 2: Form a Powerful Coalition
To lead change it is essential to get support from key
stakeholders to strongly believe that change is necessary and
would benefit for the project. A team will build to carry out the
change from people who advocate you. Project manager should
organize the team structure and assign responsibilities to the
team members.
· Step 3: Create a vision for change
A clear vision can help people involved to better understand
what they are doing and why they have to follow. Then develop
strategies for achieving that vision.
· Step 4: Communicate the Vision

Vision has to be delivered to all the people involved. So
communication is important and this communication should take
place frequently and powerfully, it is also crucial to make sure
that everyone is clearly understand and comply with the vision.
Project manager has to address people’s concern and pay
attention on this issue.
· Step 5: Remove Obstacles
It is normal to notice that there are people who always resist the
change. It is necessary to watch out these people continually
and make efforts to help them understand the need of change so
that to make sure the change could move forward.
In a word, be careful of obstacles and remove them as soon as
they appear.
· Step 6: Create Short-Term Wins
The achievement of small targets would inspire and motivate
people who involved in the project, and could produce further
motivation for entire organisation. So that it is important to
create some short-term goals not just looking at long-term
goals. Project manager could reward people who help achieve
the goals. Nevertheless, project manager should always keep an
eye on long-term goals without doubts.
· Step 7: Build on the Changes
The success of short-term goals is only part of achievement for
the project; it is not suggested to declare success too early. It is
essential for project manager to lead people analyse what have
been done are right and what needs to improve in the future.
· Step 8: Anchor the change in Corporate Culture
Use channels to integrate the change into whole organisation

culture. Keep monitoring every aspect of the change is taking
place in the organization.
Summary
On the whole, facing of rapid economic growth and
experiencing inconvenient transportation system along with
suffering poor road safety problem, the need of improving
public transportation in Hanoi is essential and management on
the issue is urgently required. However, this project is not an
easy task, which require a large quantity of materials and human
resource as well as funds to support. The management process
for this complex project requires high professional knowledge
and technics. Moreover, not only the project manager but also
all participants involved in this project are supposed to have
responsibilities with well-educated knowledge technics.
The PMBOK guideline keeps addressing the significance of
these knowledge areas. Based on lots of reading and research on
these areas, scope management is crucial for a project, that fails
on scope defining will result project failure at the beginning.
Further, the triple constraints of cost, time, and quality must be
well managed by project manager to ensure the success of the
project. Obviously, the roles of stakeholder, communication,
human resource and integration management are always vital
and important.

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API College
SBM 1101 & 1102 &1201
Project Fundamentals 1，2， 3
Improving the public transportation system
in Hanoi, Vietnam
Team Member Names:
201403459thu ha nguyen
201501355 aiai chen
12 October 2015
SBM <1201> <Improving the public transportation system in
Hanoi, Vietnam> Page 36
Table of Contents
Executive Summary 4
1 Project title 5
2 Introduction 5
3 Project Information 5
3.1 Project background 5

3.2 SWOT Project Analysis (strengths, weaknesses,
opportunities and threats)6
3.3 Scope statement 6
3.4 Objectives, assumptions and perceived constraints 7
3.5 Expected outcomes/benefits 7
3.6 Expected outputs and application 8
3.7 SBM1201: High level WBS (project phases) 9
3.8 SBM1201: High level project timeline 10
3.9 Success criteria 11
4 Literature Review 11
4.1 Strategic Intent&Business Case&Framework and
Governance 11
4.2 Stakeholders, communication and integration management
13
4.3 Scope management 14
4.4 Time management 15
4.5 Cost Management 15
5 Project Planning and Methodology 16
5.1 The strategies to ensure the project is business case
driven/proper integration management 16
5.2 The strategies for the management of Human Resources,
Management 17
5.3 The strategies for the management of Project Scope, Time
and Cost 19
5.4 Change management approach 19
6 Summary of project plans21
6.1 Project context, requirements and challenges 21
6.2 Best practice models 22
6.3 Key success factors 22
6.4 Business case and governance 23
6.5 Human resource management plan 24
6.6 Stakeholder management plan 25
6.7 Communication management plan 26
6.8 Detailed Work Breakdown Structure 28
6.9 Detailed project schedule 29

6.10 Project cost schedule 31
6.11 Control and management processes to ensure successful
delivery 32
7 Conclusion 34
8 Bibliography 35
Executive Summary
The report is about a proposed project that aims at improving
public transportation system and upgrading existing public
infrastructure in Hanoi, the capital city of Vietnam. The project
is essential and urgent as a result of rapid economic growth in
Hanoi boosts the needs of public transportation, whereas the
current existing poor infrastructure and inefficient

transportation system restrict local residents in using of public
transports. The report will firstly explain detail background for
the project and also outline project strengths, weaknesses,
opportunities and threats. Then make the scope of the project
with limit to qualities and services for roads and railways only.
Followed by more specific project objectives, assumptions as
well as perceived constraints. The expected outcomes and
outputs are listed in detail in the following part. The project is
measured against some performance criteria that indicate
whether the project is successful or not.
The ‘project management body and knowledge (PMBOK) is the
theoretical knowledge applied to the project. The following
report will go through the literature review on several key
elements of PMBOK. Generally, there are ten major knowledge
areas regarding project management framework. They are scope,
time, cost, quality, human resource, and communication, risk,
procurement, stakeholder and integration management. Project
manager has to balance the three triple constraints of project
management known as scope goal, cost goal and time goal to
make sure the project is progressed as expected. Among these
key knowledge areas, good project integration management is
addressed as the key to overall project success. Basically, the
information for the report was gathered using primary source
material relevant to management such as PMBOK and academic
journals as well as Internet sources.
There are some methodologies and strategies applied in the
project to ensure the project is business driven and stick to
project governance. The next section will outline the strategies
for the management of key knowledge areas of project
management. As change will inevitably happen for any project,
the change management approach used in the project is Kotter’s
8-step processes.
In the last summary sections, four key aspects of success factors
for the project are outlined and explained in detail. It then
followed by specific plan on human resources management,
stakeholder management as well as communication

management. The expanded project Work Breakdown Structure
(WBS) and time schedule with a guided cost schedule plan are
displayed at the end of the report.
Project title
Improving the public transportation system in Hanoi,
VietnamIntroduction
The aim of this project is to improve public transportation
system and upgrade existing public infrastructure in Hanoi,
Vietnam. Traffic issue has becoming the worst problem for a
long period of time. By experiencing fast growth in national as
well as local economic development, demands for public
transport increasing as expected; whereas local residents and
road users are apparently not satisfied with current poor
transpiration system. Therefore, actions should be done and
improvement project is required.
This report will outline details of the project, how it will be
managed and the measures to ensure its success. Objectives with
assumptions and constrains of this project are identified.
Following by the expected benefits and outcomes of this
project. SWOT analysis regarding on the project’s strength,
weakness, opportunity and threat is also demonstrated within
this report. Beside, the report will also provides a high level of
Work Breakdown Structure and timeline of the project.
The last section are based on literature review on several
aspects, include strategic intent, business case and framework
and governance. In addition, the major focuses on literature
review are basically about Project Management Body of
Knowledge (PMBOK). The main knowledge areas examined in
this report are stakeholders, human resources, communication,
integration, scope, time and cost management.

Project Information
Project background
Hanoi, as the capital city of Vietnam is facing the most pressing
problem: transportation. The most obvious phenomenon in
Hanoi is that the majority of road users are riding motorbikes.
Public transport services in Hanoi only play a minor role in
people’s daily life. The traffic jams around the city is common
and even in non-rush hours. The following reasons are
concluded as the main causes of these phenomenon:
· Poor infrastructure in the city: the roads are too narrow to
provide separate lanes for public transport;
· Public transport development lags behind: bus layout is not
reasonable, lack of public buses, inefficient operation of the
transportation system, poor service standards;
· Low awareness of local people: people or participants do not
obey the traffic rules, lower reliance on public transportation
system
The project focuses on the improvement of public transportation
in Hanoi. Though Vietnam is still a developing country, the
country itself is on the move by experiencing economic growth
and so is Hanoi. The rapid growth of development in Hanoi
attract more people pour into Hanoi from other provinces in
order to get a good job or find a better life, then raises the
demand for public transportation. Beside, as a popular
destination for tourists, the current inconveniences also create
problems.
SWOT Project Analysis (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities
and threats)
Strengths:
- Reduce accidents and improve safety issues
- Improve environment by reducing pollution and traffic jams

- Convenient and comfort for natives and tourists
Weaknesses:
- Project is very complex
- Likely to be costly
- Requires longer period of time
- People need to adapt to the new transport system
Opportunities:
- Support from national government
- Receiving international support
- Project may improve local economy
- Project will boost public image of Hanoi
- Increasing demand for public transport by local people
Threats:
- Availability of funds of national government
- Financial resources for the improvement is heavily depend on
foreign countries
- Changes in process for fulfilling roles and responsibilities for
transport sector by administrative unit
- Time difference between formulating the transport policy and
implementing the policy
Scope statement
The scope of the project will cover the planning, developing,
implementation and finalisation of the infrastructure for public
transport in Hanoi. Though the transport sector comprises
multiple transports, while the main focus of this project only
include roads and railways, there’s no activities relate ports,
waterways, shipping and highways.
Basically, the project looking at upgrading the quality and

condition of existing roads and railways, with further action to
built or open new routes to connect major economic centres in
Hanoi. The issue of road safety will be another significant
aspect of this project.
Objectives, assumptions and perceived constraints
The project aims to:
· Encourage an effective and efficient public transportation
system.
· Promote convenient and comfortable transport condition and
services.
· Manage traffic jams effectively.
· Reduce the frequency of traffic accident and address safety
issues.
· Instruct local people to use public transport instead
motorbikes and obey traffic rules.
· Reduce air pollution to improve and protect the environment.
· Enhance a better quality of life of residents and land users.
· Create a more attractive image of Hanoi for tourists and also
develop local economy.
In order to meet the objectives of the project, it is assumed that:
· Key project members are available all the time and have
professional knowledge;
· Key project members are responsible and work efficiently
under normal circumstances.
· Workers involved in the project have basic required skills to
complete their work.
· Materials needed for construct infrastructure is enough and
delivered on time.
· The project is support by foreign investors and governments
with both financial resources as well as technical assistance.
· Projects are undertaking under normal condition without
natural disasters.

The perceived constraints of the project include:
foreign supporters.
technology applied.
Expected outcomes/benefits
· Reasonable planning and re-organizing of the public buses
will increase the efficiency of transportation operation.
· The improvement of the infrastructure will provide
comfortable and convenient public transport.
· Effective management will help to reduce traffic congestion.
· Minimise the use of motorbikes will reduce the number of
road accidents and therefore enhance safety issues.
· Encouragement of riding public transport effectively reduces
pollution and change air quality, which is benefit forthe
environment.
· To improve the traffic consciousness of natives, abide by
traffic regulations.
· Enhance the image of Hanoi, and promote economic
development.
Expected outputs and application
· Improvement of infrastructure for public transport, include
upgrade and improve the quality of existing roads and railways’
condition; and also built new routes to connect key economic
centers of both roads and railways;
· Completion of the road safety activities, such as installation of
traffic signs and signals, street lights, road markings and speed

reduction;
· Advanced public transportation awareness and conscious, road
user and driver education of traffic regulations;
· Set separate lane for public buses and provide quality services
and facilities for both bus and railway stations;
· Environment is protected as a result of encouragement of
using public transport instead of private cars or motorbikes.
SBM1201: High level WBS (project phases)
SBM1201: High level project timeline

Success criteria
The project is measured against some performance criteria that
indicate whether the project is successful or not. Success
criteria regarding on this project include:
· Accomplish the project before deadline or finish on time;
· Achieve an effective public transportation and bring about an
efficient transportation system;
· The cost of project is not overrun which is within the budget;
· Stakeholders such like residents and road users as well as
government are satisfied;
· Number of accident caused by riding motorbikes reduced by a
large amount;
· Lesson the problem from air pollution
Literature ReviewStrategic Intent & Business Case &
Framework and Governance
At first, I want to summary the status of the public
transportation in Hanoi. Nowadays, the urban view is impressed
by the significant increase of individual vehicles so Vietnamese
government implemented a public transportation system which
includes useful transportation means to reduce the status of
traffic jams. Public transportation is like a new orientation for
planning the urban transportation policy. However, the
problems of environment pollution and traffic jams are
becoming more and more serious. In addition, the development
speed of public transportation is quite slow. Meanwhile, an
essential demand to society is developing public transportation.
The rapid urbanization speed also creates many troubles in
urban transportation management. Although the bus network

develops fast in Hanoi a few recent years, its distribution has
not been regular. On streets such as Thai Ha, Chua Boc, Nguyen
Trai, Truong Chinh or routes in new urban areas, in rush hours,
the image of three or four continuous buses move slowly still
appears regularly. There have not been bus routes which gain
quality standards. In Hanoi, taxis appear everywhere, for
example, schools or hospitals. Hospitals are always the good
place for taxi drivers to earn money. Too many taxis make
ambulances difficult to go into hospitals. In almost schools,
parking taxis on roadway occurs regularly. It seems that Hanoi
is having a surplus of taxis. Vancouver points out that
pedestrians can only access several streets in the old section of
Hanoi because it is crowed of taxis in the evening, especially
Friday evenings (2015). According to Travelfish (n.d.), in the
airport, some taxi firms “operate and they have a board up
listing prices — it should cost 380,000 VND for a standard
four-seater car (not per person!)”. This price is much more
expensive than the price of buses.
· Analysis of using frequency of bus users in Hanoi:
Income (thousand VND)
Once a week
Every day
Rarely
Total
< 300
1.20%
11.50%
11.20%
23.90%
300 - 800
7.30%

25%
18.80%
51.20%
900 - 1,600
3.70%
7%
10.30%
21.00%
1,700 - 2,600
1.30%
0.40%
2.20%
3.90%
Total
13.50%
44.00%
42.50%
100.00%
A questionnaire survey is implemented to analyse the using
frequency of bus users. The above result bases on the users’
income levels. According to the table, in 3.9% of people who
have a high income level (1,700,000 VND to 2,600,000 VND),
the percentage of people who use bus once a week is 1.3% and
the percentage of people who use bus every day is just 0.4%;
2.2% people who rarely use this means. Meanwhile, in 23.9% of
people who have a low income level(under 300,000 VND), the
number of people who travel by bus everyday accounts for
11.5% and the number of people who travel by bus once per
week accounts for 1.2%; people who travel by this means
accounts for 11.2%. This result can show that government
officers who have high income do not have much demand for
using bus. People who have demand for bus are individuals who
have low income and they are almost students.
Finally I will summary solutions to improve public

transportation in Hanoi. The bus route should be more
appropriate with the travel demand and have cheaper fee
(should be 3,000 or 5,000 VND as before). In general, buses are
convenient. Now there are two city buses that connect Hanoi
city center with NoiBai Airport (buses number 7 and number
17) (Hanoi Airport Guide, n.d.). From 5 a.m to 10 p.m, buses
run each 15 to 20 minutes and this should be kept. In the future,
Hanoi should supply more buses in this aspect. Hanoi also
should implement the project of urban railway route. Each trip
of the railway route should carry about from 1,200 to 1,500
passengers and there should be hundreds trips each day. I think
that the above quantity is reasonable because if this is
implemented, the quantity of people who join in traffic by
individual vehicles can be reduced to 50%, comparing to the
present. People can relax when they travel by the urban railway.
For instance, they can read newspaper, listen to music, sleep or
talk. In the other words, this transportation means can meet
almost of people needs. It is also important to reasonably
arrange stop stations because this can determine whether people
select to travel by public transportation or not. Urban trains
should have outstanding advantages in the safety of control
technologies, speed and strongly monitoring about operation
and technology to make users feel peace when using. No need to
invest in individual vehicles, users will have a more reasonable
individual fee for using train. Another public transportation
means, which need to improve in Hanoi, is cyclo. According to
Trip Advisor (n.d.), “a cyclo is a small 2 person (preferably 1
person) rickshaw that is pushed by a pedal bike”. Passengers
will be taken around Hanoi and supplied a reality about the
traffic congestion. Taxis should be distributed with an
appropriate quantity on the roadway. One of the goals of the
government is developing a public transportation system with
the objective of raising its rate in 2020 to 35% or 45% the total
travel demand of the whole city (Ashui, n.d.). People also
should have appropriate behaviors to enjoy the civilization and
safety in public transportation means. Generally, the cost for

improvement in public transportation by the government is
estimated to be approximately 800 million USD by using
minibus, trams around the city, railway service improvement,
etc. Vietnam can learn some effective solutions, which are
applied by some countries.
For example, Japan applies compact city index that “measures
the performance of physical urban forms with regard to compact
city policies” (Urban Studies, 2015). It is found that even
though physical urban forms of cities that are applied this index
are greatly sprawled, they can gain urban compactness in the
time aspect by utilization of well-networked public transport
systems.
In Korea, the development of an intelligent transport system
(ITS) Master Plan shows the heavy reliance which is placed on
measures of ITS to motivate a shift to larger usage of public
transport and facilitate both the management of congested
highway networks (Transport Reviews, 2001).
The transportation research in Dubai tested and developed a
parsimonious conceptual model of meeting demand for tourists
who use public transportation services with value and quality
that are postulated to affect value (Journal of Travel & Tourism
Marketing, 2014).
In Perth, a city in Western Australia, the routing and planning
of newest passenger has been strongly grounded in land use
planning with active pursuit of chances for transit-oriented
development (TOD) (Planning Practice & Research, 2008).
Stakeholders, communication and integration management
There are some reasons that explain why the above status
occurs. These reasons start from some disadvantages of public
transportation. The problem of traffic safety and the status of
transportation in the city are more and more serious because
most people in Hanoi have not been similar with using public
transportation means nowadays. Conditions of social
infrastructure management and organization has not been
appropriate to individual needs such as going to the market or

driving children to school and picking them up to home. People
are also not similar with the manner of walking from home to
bus stop. Parents drive their children to school then pick them
up and drive to tutorials in many different locations because
parents and teachers are not unified in solutions of driving
students by school bus. The traffic jams is considered as a result
of this. Cannot being “door-to-door” is the common
disadvantage of public transportation means. This means that
users will be forced to walk because of the distance between bus
stop and their house or office as well as the distance between
one bus route and another bus route. Moreover, when they bring
much individual fitment, the trouble will be increased.
· Analysis key reasons why people do not travel by bus in
Hanoi:
Trip time
Long waiting time
House near workplace
Crowded and noisy
Not on time
Long walking distance
Total
<9
0.80%
5.40%
0.80%
0.80%
15.70%
23.50%
10 – 19
3.70%
10.70%
6%
2.70%
16.70%
39.80%
20 – 29

2.70%
3.40%
3.40%
0.80%
6%
16.30%
30 – 39
0%
1.40%
1.40%
0%
6.70%
9.50%
40 - 49
0.80%
1.40%
0.80%
0.80%
2.70%
6.50%
> 60
0%
0%
0%
1.40%
3%
4.40%
Total
8.00%
22.30%
12.40%
6.50%
50.80%
100.00%
Another survey, which explains reasons why some people do not

like travelling by bus, is summarized in the above table. The
two important reasons are house near workplace and long
walking distance. The total percentage of people who do not use
bus because their house is near their workplace is 22.3% and the
total percentage of people who do not use bus because they have
to walk for a long distance to reach the bus stop is 50.8%.
Although the bus usage is not influenced much by other reasons
– long waiting time (8%), crowded and noisy (12.4%) and not
on time (6.5%); these reasons contribute to poor development of
bus service in Hanoi.
Scope management
For a project manager, knowledge on scope area is very
important. Scope can be described as a project’s boundaries,
which distinguish the task involved in the project, and the work
it would not be included in the particular project. The project
scope is the part of project planning that involves determining
and documenting a list of specific project goals, deliverables,
tasks, costs and deadlines (Tech Target n.d.). Scope may refer
to product scope and project scope under the project context
(PMBOK, 2008). Project scope is work-oriented that
emphasized on how to complete the work and work to be done
to deliver a product or result; whereas product scope is refer to
the “features and functions that characterize a product, service
or result”, and its more oriented toward what will the project
produce (Team FME, 2014).
Project scope management is one of the most important parts in
project management. This includes the procedures required to
make sure all the work related are on the right track to
accomplish project successfully. Once again, the major concern
is define and control what is or is not covered in the project.
(PMBOK, 2008). A scope management plan could contribute
benefit to scope management. The properly used of scope
management plan help manage triple constraint of time, cost and
quality of the project (Mastal, 2013). Generally, The scope
management plan proves the process to evaluate whether a task

is within the scope; it also describes roles and duties of all the
participants within the process. Lastly, it sets priorities for the
project and also make schedule for the project. (Mastal, 2013).
Poor scope management practices could cause the failure of
project. One of common problem is change during the project
process. Of the last step of project scope management is control
the scope, this means the controlling changes to the project is
essential. According to PMBOK, scope change control system,
performance measurement and additional planning are three
tools and techniques for scope change control. Changing scope
is not always has bad effect while a project is underway and in
many cases it’s a good thing which mentioned by Mochal
(2004). However, this would be an evil proposition in the case
of scope creep. Scope creep refer by Mochal(2004) is the case
that a large number of small changes happens to a particular
project, while all these small changes are combined, the project
requires much more workload and goes beyond the budget
ultimately delay in duration. Scope creep cause troubles also
agreed by Yang,Chu and Huang (2013) after the research done
demonstrate that many contributing factors delayed the project
fulfillment.
Time management
Project time management is seen as the core aspects of project
management. In terms of PMBOK guideline (2008) the time
management consist of defining activities, estimating the time
period of activities, scheduling tasks and ensuring work could
be done within planned schedule. Ahmadi and Golabchi (2013)
advocate that projects without careful planning are set up to
fail. Therefore, time management is crucial part for all
successful projects. There are six processes consist of time
management according to PMBOK guideline: activity
definition, activity sequencing, activity duration estimating,
activity resource estimating, schedule development and

schedule control.
These six main processes provide an instructor to develop
capacity to plan and complete within deadline. They are
interacting with each other and each phase involves effort from
project team members that required by the project’s needs
(PMBOK, 2008).
Knowing and learning to recognize urgent and important tasks
is a significant aspect of project time management (Pearce n.d.).
Pearce explained that important works might deal sooner other
than later especially for a long-term project; however, the
important works are not necessarily urgent. So a project
manager should distinguish between urgent and important
issues.
Cost Management
PMBOK reveal the primary concentration of project cost
management is the cost of resources required in order to
accomplish project works. Robert and Tichacek (2006) suggest
that cost management is a process rather than a discipline,
which requires the integration of effort and inputs from all the
participants involved and use prescribed methodologies. The
required different methodologies should at a higher level used
by the project team. It is suggest that project cost management
is a complex issue, and professionals have to willing to make
much effort as well as intelligence to properly manage cost
(Robert et al, 2006). This is because for project such as
construction and the development of infrastructure, cost overrun
is common reason makes a project fail (Smith, 2007).
Cost management “identifies, collects, measures, classifies, and
reports information that is useful to managers for determining
the costs of products, customers, and suppliers, and other
relevant objects and for planning, making continuous
improvements, and decision making” (Hansen &Mowen, 2006).
Effective cost management leads to timely, wisely, correctly
and perceptively spending (Robert et al, 2006). Normally, there
are four major processes within cost management based on

PMBOK: resource planning, cost estimating, budgeting and cost
control.
Cost management in projects affected by the project’s level of
complexity (Kujala, Brady &Putila, 2014). Complex projects are
usually with a broader scope and complicated deliveries
(Hobday, Davies &Prencipe, 2005). By classifying the scope
and technological applied of the project would help to
understand how complex project is as suggest by Hobday et al.
Furthermore, recent studies and empirical researches extended
understanding of complex project. And describe as complex
projects are related to size of project, involved various elements
as well as uncertainty of project (Kujala et al, 2014). Project
Planning and MethodologyThe strategies to ensure the project is
business case driven/proper integration management
Different methodologies applied regarding on different projects
as their various natures, type and size. The following are some
common and popular methodologies that could be used:
· Adaptive Project Framework
It is assumed that the time and the cost are constant for the
project, but the scope is adjusted in order to achieve maximum
business value from the project.
· PRINCE2
This is a flexible method basically takes a process-based
approach to project management.
· Agile Software Development
The key features of agile are its short-termed delivery cycles,
agile requirements, dynamic team culture, less restrictive
project control and emphasis on real-time communication. This
method requires for a project that needs extreme agility in
requirements.

Each project management methodology carries its own strengths
and weaknesses, selecting the most suitable one could be a
confusing task, as too much factors have to be considered.
Therefore, the proper combination of these methodologies could
be applied to ensure the project is on the right track.
In addition to these formal methodologies, meetings are
definitely necessary and must be held regularly. Not like
individual face-to-face, telephone and computer, communicate
in the form of meetings is more formal and raises more attention
by people participated. As meetings allow people to develop
relationships, pick up on important body language or tone of
voice, and have a dialogue to help resolve problems. Within a
meeting, important issues could be further addressed and
problems could be solved more effectively. It is also an
occasion to inform information required and exchange ideas that
might be useful. The achievement of teamwork could also be
examined during a meeting.
The use of project management information systems such like
several types of software could also helpful. In order to make
sure the project is defined business case driven and under
proper integration management, formal documents and
presentations are needed. Besides, certain tracking record can
be done with spreadsheets or databases. Moreover, managers
and members still could use e-mails or Internettools to
communicate.
Finally, it is important to providing leadership and a supportive
culture. Organisation culture provides guidelines and templates
and to ensure tracking performance based on plans. For a
success of the project, sharing the same value and aiming at the
same goal is quite important and necessary.
The strategies for the management of Human Resources,
Management

Management of human resources is an important part of an
integral project. Plan human resource management is a tool to
manage and support the activities of human resources
throughout the project, from the beginning until the end. The
management plan of human resources, including:
1. Roles and responsibilities of team members throughout the
project.
2. Project Organization Chart
3. HR management plan include:
+ How to resources will be achieved
+ Timeline for resources
+ The training needed to develop skills
+ How to evaluate work performance
+ The recognition and reward
The purpose of the management plan of human resources to
achieve project success by ensuring appropriate human
resources to be acquired with the necessary skills, training
resources if there are gaps in the skills are identified, the team-
building strategy is clearly defined, and the group activities are
managed effectively.
We divide the work for each member of the group and its
members will be responsible for their part throughout the
project. Then we look at the process of implementation of
human resource management. Because this process including
recruitment, training, management and development, we will
contact the company that provides human resources to find out
what the individual fit our project - improving in public
transport system in Hanoi. We also contacted experts in the
field of training-to-training resources and divide them into
teams, groups that they will perform tasks corresponding to
each group according to ability and vie.
Our project involves the movement of people in the city, to help
them easily moved by public transport. However,lots of
encouragementand much more persuasion as well as counselling
required so that they see the convenience in travel by public
transport. To accomplish this task we need to communicate with

people to explain to them about the positive aspects of the
project after it is done. The team of volunteers will help us to
communicate, advise and persuade people. The reward will be
considered for the team, group or individual achievements in
work.
The following chart shows the relationship in the work of the
members in the project. If any have the proposed changes, need
to hold a meeting to adopt and jurisdiction belongs to the
project manager. After having decided on the change, all of the
project documentation will be updated and reported to the
appropriate stakeholders.
Project Manager
Design Engineers
Implementation Manager
Training Expert
Functional Managers
Department Managers
Requirements Gathering
A
R
R
C
C
I
Coding Design
A
R
C
C
I
Coding Input
A
R

Technology
Testing
A
R
C
I
I
Network Preparation
A
C
R
I
I
Implementation
A
C
R
C
C
C
Conduct Training
A
R
C
C
Key:
R – Responsible for completing the work
A – Accountable for ensuring task completion/sign off
C – Consulted before any decisions are made

I – Informed of when an action/decision has been made
During the project implementation, we have contact with
various stakeholders such as the local government (Hanoi City
council) where the project will be carried out, the locals,
tourists, the media company, the promoters and the companies
or organizations will provide funding to our project execution.
We will be in regular contact with our main stakeholders and
will apply various communication methods, depending on the
purpose that we want to transmit to the different objects.
We are also in regular contact with members in order to update
the status of the project as well as to share information or
experiences. We regularly communicate with team members by
email, phone, or text message and will hold periodic meetings
to report to the project manager. However, those important
decisions should be consulted by everyone in the group, the
meeting will be held shortly to issue needed to be resolved.
Manage stakeholders and meet the needs of the stakeholders are
very important in the project. The appropriate communication to
get good relationships at work is one of the success factors for
the project. Clarity, transparency and timeliness are particularly
important for the stakeholders because the information clearly
and accurately is important to the project, and sometimes it
affects the decision of the stakeholders and project manager.
The strategies for the management of Project Scope, Time and
Cost
With the aim of developing the capacity of project management
basics, focusing on knowledge management of three core
projects in accordance with the modern standards such as
project management guide Body of Knowledge (PMBOK)
include those following:
Manage project scope planning, evaluation and management of
change: Distributed in the period associated project outcomes

strategic nature. The definition of systems, tools, processes and
competencies are necessary to assess the scope and integrated
elements of the project, including assessing the value and
optimize on the lifetime of the project.
Manage project time planning, scheduling and management
Progress: The degree of control appropriate, evaluate the
progress of the project ahead of schedule, time management
strategy, to draw up plans and the sequence of activities,
develop and coordinate schedules with resource use plans as
well as computer software applications in the planning and
optimization time.
Planning for the project cost management, budgeting and
financial management: cost estimation, planning and control,
define budgets and cash flow as well as identifying means,
frequency and change management methodology a systematic
manner. The report on the exception, forecast management costs
tolerance, budget management reporting provisions. All these
things are generally a better control of the financial
management of the project.
We need to understand the triple constraints, communicating
Triple constraints and monitoring Triple constraints. Right from
the start, the project manager needs to know that the
management of scope, time and cost are interrelated. If one of
the three attributes that change or fluctuate will also affect the
other two.
The Triple Constraint is understood as one of the most
important mechanisms and priority applications such as an
interaction with other important attributes in a project. The full
awareness of the function and its mission is an important aspect
of the role and responsibility of the project manager.
Combined with the regular review, update the financial
situation, budget and collects reports on financial information
during different periods of the project will help to avoid
excessive expense funding. The problems is found and the
potential risks would easily be overcome before is too
late.Change management approach

It is believed that change is the only constant in the world. This
is true for everything, definitely appeared in any business
organisations as well as all the projects. Since change will
inevitably happen, make effort to benefit from change is more
useful and crucial. In order to benefit from change we need to
know how to manage change effectively. Therefore, change
management is important. The change management process
outlined below will be the recommended approach we are going
to utilize for our project. Namely, 8-Step change management
process suggest by Kotter is our preferred approach.
Kotter’s 8 step change management processes list as follows:
· Step 1: Create Urgency
A change is only successful if the whole company really wants
it. Develop a sense of urgency around the need for change might
help the idea well received at the initiation of the project.
People at management level and project manager have
responsibilities to identify and discuss potential threats and
crises in order to show what could happen in the future, they
also need to examine opportunities that could be exited. Then
get involved of all the key stakeholders with formal discussion
about the changes that might occur with convincing reasons.
· Step 2: Form a Powerful Coalition
To lead change it is essential to get support from key
stakeholders to strongly believe that change is necessary and
would benefit for the project. A team will build to carry out the
change from people who advocate you. Project manager should
organize the team structure and assign responsibilities to the
team members.
· Step 3: Create a vision for change
A clear vision can help people involved to better understand

what they are doing and why they have to follow. Then develop
strategies for achieving that vision.
· Step 4: Communicate the Vision
Vision has to be delivered to all the people involved. So
communication is important and this communication should take
place frequently and powerfully, it is also crucial to make sure
that everyone is clearly understand and comply with the vision.
Project manager has to address people’s concern and pay
attention on this issue.
· Step 5: Remove Obstacles
It is normal to notice that there are people who always resist the
change. It is necessary to watch out these people continually
and make efforts to help them understand the need of change so
that to make sure the change could move forward.
In a word, be careful of obstacles and remove them as soon as
they appear.
· Step 6: Create Short-Term Wins
The achievement of small targets would inspire and motivate
people who involved in the project, and could produce further
motivation for entire organisation. So that it is important to
create some short-term goals not just looking at long-term
goals. Project manager could reward people who help achieve
the goals. Nevertheless, project manager should always keep an
eye on long-term goals without doubts.
· Step 7: Build on the Changes
The success of short-term goals is only part of achievement for
the project; it is not suggested to declare success too early. It is
essential for project manager to lead people analyse what have

been done are right and what needs to improve in the future.
· Step 8: Anchor the change in Corporate Culture
Use channels to integrate the change into whole organisation
culture. Keep monitoring every aspect of the change is taking
place in the organization.
Summary of project plans
The planned project is to improve public transportation system
and upgrade existing public infrastructure in Hanoi, Vietnam.
The reason to undertake the project consists of few aspects.
Firstly, Hanoi itself is experiencing fast growth within both
economic and social areas. Not only local residents but also
foreign tourists express high demand for public transport.
Besides, current poor infrastructure make local people and road
users are not satisfied with their inefficient transportation
system. The focus of the project include upgrade the quality of
existing roads and railwaysin about five years time, with further
action to built or open new routes to connect major economic
centres in Hanoi. The issue of road safety would be another
important part for the project. The project is facing several
challenges as outlined in the following section.
Several practice models are examined and explained in detail in
the following parts. Generally, there are four key success
factors include clear project scope, balance three triple
constraints, effective teamwork with skills and sufficient
resources. The project is driven by PRINCE2 to ensure it is
business case driven and stick to governance. Kotter’s 8-step
change management approach is adopted to manage changes
during the project time. Under following sections, there are
plans regarding on human resource, stakeholder and
communication management. Lastly, detailed project Work
Breakdown Structure, project schedule and cost schedule are
outlined as well.

Project context, requirements and challenges
The project aims to improve public transportation system and
upgrade existing public infrastructure in Hanoi, Vietnam. The
city is facing the most seriously problem in relation to its
current transportation. Riding motorbikes are seen as the most
popular method used by local travellers. Besides, current poor
infrastructures in the city with their inefficient transportation
system caused public transports play a little role in people’s
daily life. Low awareness of traffic rules and increased traffic
jams along with traffic accidents issue make the project urgent
and beneficial for local as well as tourists.
The project requires planning, developing, implementing and
finalization of the infrastructure for public transport in Hanoi
within five years. Despite multiple choices of public transport,
the major focus of the project is roads and railways. The project
looking at upgrading the quality and condition of existing roads
and railways, with further action to built or open new routes to
connect major economic centers in Hanoi. In addition, the
project will also address the issue of road safety as another
significant part.
Several challenges we might face include the following:
foreign supporters.
technology applied.
Best practice models
We have set clear targets when we chose the project because it
is the most important. We are awareness of our roles in it.

Furthermore, how to maximize of human resources, equipment
and money, time management to achieve the goals, we fully
understand that if we don’t follow the time schedule, which
affect the process and limited investment budgets. Actually,
what we choose here is the improvement of public transport
system requires the efforts of all involved parties and supports
form the government. We focus on development of bus networks
in some key roads like Long Bien - My Dinh; Bo Ho - Ha Dong;
Thong Nhat Park - NoiBai Airport; Bo Ho - Bac Thang Long
Industrial zone, and many major route from downtown or from
the populated areas to the new industrial park, home to plants or
ecotourism parks or historic sites but located far from city
central. Along with the renovation and widening more dedicated
bus lanes, additional investment more buses are evident to cater
to the travel needs of residents and tourists.
Because of poor infrastructure rehabilitation Hanoi should focus
on the main bus network, also about improving rail service, just
for tourists. The reason is because the rail system is only
running around the perimeter of the city, cannot run in the main
street as the bus was. We need to upgrade the train service by
renewing the trains in city; with small handbook to guide
tourists can visit the tourist attractions that use the train.
Training staffs on trains serving the knowledge of tourism and
can speak English. We aim to facilitate the tourists because they
can just sit on the train while watching or listening to music and
can communicate in a common language.
We knew that it is necessary to upgrade Hanoi public transport
system for the people benefits when they are in traffic, reduce
traffic congestion and protect the environment as well as urban
landscape. On the other hand, it brings tourists to Hanoi. The
project is only success when having great integration among
human resources, equipment, finance, grouping, scheduling for
phrases, project evaluation, and changes are needed if it is not
suitable with the fact in order to save time, effort and money.
Key success factors

The success of the project will depend on several factors.
· Make the project scope clearly
Scope can be seen as boundaries of the project, distinguish the
tasks involved the project and the work shouldn’t be done for
the particular project. A good scope management plan could
contribute benefit to the project’s success. By define and
control what is covered or not in the project, describe roles and
duties of all participants within the process and set priorities for
the project would the first success factor.
· Manage the three triple constraints effectively
Time, cost and quality are three triple constraints of the project.
Project manager has responsibilities to balance these
relationships. One of the success criteria of the project is to
complete before deadline or finish on time. In order to ensure
work could be done within planned schedule, it is important to
define activities involved, estimate the time period for each
activity and better schedule these activities. Regarding on the
cost, the success of project requires under budget or not
overrun. Different methodologies with experts’ intelligence and
experiences are required to properly manage cost.
· Teamwork and skills
Project manager has to lead their teams in performing various
project activities. Teamwork usually make great contribute than
by oneself. Each individual contribute their knowledge and
skills and maintain harmony within the group is crucial for
success.
· Resources
The project requires lots of financial resources, physical
resources as well as human resources. The support from national

and foreign governments in respect on funds, skills, techniques
and equipment are another important success factor.
Business case and governance
Governance is the set of policies, procedures, guidelines, rules
and compliance metrics that help to maintain an organization or
to make sure a project is processing as expected. The highest
level of management needs to define business purpose for the
project. The structure composed of the governance decision-
making is another important aspect of governance. Once
establish project objectives and decision-making process, we
can assign responsibilities and duties for each level of project.
Project manager has to manage their team members effectively
to deliver a better outcome.
In order to ensure that the project is stick to the business case,
the methodology of PRINCE2 is chosen approach for the
project, as it’s a flexible method that takes a process-based
management. Basically, PRINCE2 takes the following
processes:
· Starting up a project- the project team is appointed and a
project brief is produced, then planning the next initiation stage
· Initiating a project- the business case is completed and a
Project Initiation Documentation is also produced
· Directing a project- dictates how the Project Board should
control the overall project
· Controlling a stage- brake down the projects into stages to
ensure each activities or each stages should be controlled
· Managing product delivery- accept a work package, execute a
work package and deliver a work package
· Managing stage boundaries- indicated what should be done
towards the end of stage and how the end of the stage should be

reported
· Closing a project- the project need a formal final sign off the
procedure, and identify follow-on actions
Further methodologies used to manage communication and
human resource as well as teamwork include: regular meeting,
face-to-face discussion, communicate via telephone or email.
Besides, the uses of project management information system
like different software could also useful. Formal
documentations and presentations are necessary to ensure the
project is business driven.
Human resource management plan
Human resource management plan plays an important role that
we need concern and launched plans to implement it. Because
human resources management means creating the most effective
use for those related to the project. The process includes:
Human Resource Management Planning: Defining roles and
their responsibilities in the project and reporting relationships.
Acquiring the project team: The employees need to be delivered
and work in the project.
Developing the project team: Develop personal skills and to
improve the efficiency of the project group.
Management of the project team: tracking, updating
performance of the team members. Research; promote research
team members provide timely feedback, settle reasonable of the
problems, conflicts, and coordinate changes to help improve the
efficiency of project
We have positions in human resources management plan is as
follows:
Project Management (PM), (2 positions): As the person
responsible for the success of the project to upgrade the public

transport system in Hanoi, Vietnam. The PM must be authorized
to approve expenditures of the project. PM also have the
responsibility to censor the activities in the work of the project
meets the criteria for established or errors in range may be
acceptable. PM is also responsible for reporting the status of the
project consistent with the management plan of communication.
Pm will evaluate the performance of all project team members
and their connections to the performance management
functionality. PM is also responsible for the achievement of
human resources for the project through a combination with
functional managers. The PM must have the following skills:
Leadership/management, planning and effective communication.
Design Engineer (DE), (3 positions): Responsible for collecting
the design requirements for the project to upgrade the public
transport system in Hanoi, Vietnam. DE is responsible for all
design upgrades for each route and testing the upgraded route.
The design engineer will perform in implementing and
monitoring the roads to be upgraded in the whole city. DES will
responsible for report to the project manager (PM) on demand
management of communications. DES may not authorize any of
the project costs and will not allocate resources that are not
approved by the PM. Performance DE will be managed by the
PM and the information for the Design Technology Group
Manager (management function of DE). DES must be proficient
in road design, understanding the infrastructure, transportation
programming and understanding life, cultural habits of the
locals.
Implementation management (IM), (3 positions): The IM is
responsible division, implementing and monitoring the work to
upgrade the public transport system in Hanoi, Vietnam. IM is
responsible to work with DES to ensure all project work in
accordance with the rules of the organization. IM responsible
for the traffic activity in the streets is not disturbed much
during the project implementation. The IM will report to the PM
according to state media management plan of the project. IM's
performance will be evaluated by the PM and inform the

management of IM functions (Team manager). The IM must be
proficient in the management of structural engineering,
architectures in infrastructure.
Training Lead (TL), (2 positions): The TL has responsibility for
training all workers performing work of the project to upgrade
the public transport system in Hanoi. TL will coordinate
training times / locations with training guidelines of each
department. TL will provide training status for the PM in
accordance with the management plan's communication project.
Functional management (FM), (2 positions): While not a part of
the project team and management functions responsible for
providing the resources for projects consistent with the plans
the project. Management function is responsible to work with
PM to determine the required skills and resources approved.
Management function is also responsible for assessing the
effectiveness of the resources allocated based on the feedback
part of PM on the implementation of the project.
Stakeholder management plan
1. Identify stakeholder:
- The internal project stakeholder is the government. In the
other words, the government is the project sponsor because only
some individuals cannot implement this project.
- The external project stakeholders are citizens in the city. They
are customers of the project and they are external to the
government.
2. Determine power/interest: The power/interest grid of this
project is the type of high interest/low power because
stakeholders and the factor, which the project cares, are
associated to their level of interest for project result. In general,
these are based on the life quality for everybody.
3. Develop stakeholder management plan:
- Current and desired engagement levels:
+ Current engagement level: Improving and developing
strengths of public transportation in Hanoi.
+ Desired engagement level: Applying appropriate solutions

from other countries on the case of Vietnam.
- Interrelationships between stakeholders: The interrelationship
between the government and citizens is interactive and mutually
beneficial solidarity.
- Methods for updating the stakeholder management plan:
+ Implementing surveys to citizens
+ Measuring the level of seriousness of the status of public
transportation according to areas of the city
Communication management plan
Stakeholder communication requirement
All projects have included a wide range of stakeholders and
they all have different interests may affect the project.
Therefore, it is important for the project team is to identify the
communication requirements of the stakeholders in order to
communicate more effectively about this project. We understand
that in order to effectively manage and ensure the success of the
project, we are required to care deeply about this issue.
Project management will communicate with each stakeholder to
determine the frequency and appropriate communication
methods. This feedback will be the project manager of the
project to maintain the stakeholder register. Communicate
project will occur under the provisions of the matrix interface.
However, depending on the requirements of the communication
to the stakeholders identified, personal communication is
acceptable and within the constraints outline of the project.
Communications Matrix
The following table identifies the communications requirements
for this project.

Communication Type
Objective of Communication
Medium
Frequency
Audience
Owner

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