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1. MBA (SEC. H)
PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPACT ON
MENTAL HEALTH AFTER COVID-19
SUBMITTED TO:- SUBMITTED BY:-
Dr. SHWETA PANDIT SHIVANI SHARMA
VRASHIKA PATNI
VIKAS SINGH
VINAY CHOUHAN
UDEEP JAYPAL
SOHAIL LAHORY

3. INTRODUCTION
The World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 as a pandemic on
March 11, 2020 and as on March 24, 2020, more than 3.5 lakhs cases had been
confirmed and more than 14,000 deaths had been reported, affecting 190
countries worldwide (WHO website dated March 24, 2020 at 21:00 pm Indian
standard time) and these figures had exponentially increased to about 27.19
lakhs cases with about 1.9 lakhs deaths in 1 month time (WHO website date
April 25, 2020 at 05:30 pm Indian standard time).
While the lockdown strategy was an essential step to curb the exponential rise
of COVID-19 cases, the impact of the same on mental health is not well
known. Lockdown can have different effects on different age groups. It may be
difficult to engage the children at home throughout the day. This can be a
source of stress to the parents. Similarly, due to the vulnerability of elderly for
COVID-19 infections, others would avoid to meet the elderly, which can be a
major source of distress, both for the elderly and their family members.

4. Stress due to COVID-19
infection
One-fourth of the responders reported feelings of
pessimism or hopelessness (23.3%), feeling detached
from others (24.0%), feeling exhausted (24.3%) and had
trouble falling asleep/frequent awakenings (27.7%).
Further, about one-fifth of the responders reported
having avoided COVID-19-related information (20.8%),
had anxiety/palpitations (19.3%) and had deterioration in
the work performance (19.3%).
• More than one-third of the participants (38.5%) had fear of getting
infected with COVID-19 infection, always wore masks and protective
equipment even in open spaces (37.9%), invested majority of their time
reading or watching COVID-related facts (38.5%), and had anxiety when
dealing with febrile patients/family members (38.8%).

5. Relationship between
anxiety, stress, sadness, mental
well-being, and duration of
lockdown period
• Higher level of stress, depression, and anxiety
correlated positively with each other and
negatively with the well-being. It was further seen
that there was significant positive correlation
between the perceived stress and severity of
depression with the duration of lockdown period

6. Comparison of anxiety,
depression, stress, and well-
being of health-care workers and
non health-care workers
• As about a half of the responders were HCWs
(47.1%), we compared the data of the HCWs
and those who were not HCWs. Compared to
HCWs, non-HCWs had significantly higher mean
PHQ-9 score, higher proportion of them had
depression, if mild depression is taken into
account, and lower proportion of them had
poor mental well-being.

7. Effect of lockdown on one's emotions,
feelings and various aspects of life
• The effect of lockdown on one's emotions, feelings,
and various aspects of life was evaluated on scale with
the following, options “no change,” “slightly
increased,” “markedly increased,” “slightly
decreased,” “markedly decreased,” and “can't say” . In
most of the areas, majority of the participants
reported no change, yet about one-third of the study
participants reported slight worsening (increase) of
negative emotions such as sadness (30.7%), anxiety
(36%), irritability (32.2%), frustration (32.3%), and fear
and apprehension (33.8%)

8. •
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
It was an online survey conducted under the aegis of
Research, Education and Training sub-Committee of
Indian Psychiatric Society. Using the Survey Monkey
platform, a survey link was circulated using the
Whatsapp. The survey questionnaire was translated
into 11 Indian languages (Hindi, Odia, Bengali,
Marathi, Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, Malayalam, Punjabi,
Gujrati, and Urdu) besides being used in English. The
link was designed in such a way, that only 1 response
can be generated using one device. The survey
questionnaire consisted of the following instruments:

9. Patient Health Questionnaire-9
The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) is a self-administered
version of the PRIME-MD diagnostic instrument for common
mental disorders.[15] The PHQ-9 is the depression module, which
scores each of the 9 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual-IV criteria
as “0” (not at all) to “3” (nearly every day). This questionnaire is
found to have excellent reliability and validity, and sensitivity and
specificity of 88% for major depression.
Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 Scale
It is a 7-item anxiety scale with good reliability as well as criterion, construct,
factorial, and procedural validity. Cutoff points of 5, 10, and 15 are interpreted
as representing mild, moderate, and severe levels of anxiety on the
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)-7.[16] Increasing scores on the scale are
strongly associated with multiple domains of functional impairment. Although
GAD and depression symptoms frequently co-occurred, factor analysis
confirmed them as distinct dimensions.

10. Demographics and personal characteristics
A basic information sheet which included information about the subject's age,
gender, marital status, educational qualifications, and current work profile.
A questionnaire to evaluate the effect of lockdown on relationship with family
members/neighbors/significant others and how lockdown had affected one's
emotions, feelings, and behaviors in different aspects of life.

12. RATIONALE OF STUDY
mental health might be one of the most pressing issues
we’re currently facing in the healthcare industry as a
whole,
which is why there’s a national movement to celebrate
mental health awareness every May. Fighting the
stigma,
providing support and resources to struggling
individuals
and their loved ones, and advocating for policy changes
are
all integral parts of mental health awareness month.

13. WHY IS MENTAL HEALTH
IMPORTANT
Mental health is more important
now than ever before; it
impacts every area of our lives.
The importance of good mental
health ripples into everything we
do, think, or say.

14. Why Should We Spread
Mental Health Awareness?
By making a concerted effort to spread mental health
awareness, we can work to de-stigmatize how we think
about, approach, and identify mental health issues in our
society.
Having those tough conversations and admitting there’s a
problem means we can come up with a solution. We can start
removing the shame and fear that’s often associated with
topics surrounding mental health. Doing so can increase the
likelihood of someone reaching out when they need help.

15. mental health isn’t just something we can deal with
once and then get over. It’s important in every stage of
our life. From infancy all the way into adulthood —
mental health is something we need to be cognizant of
and handle with care.
Having a solid foundation when it comes to mental health
means you can HAVE PRODUCTIVE RELATIONSHIP
Cope with daily stress in life Establish a positive sense of
self Stay motivated and physically active, and healthy Be
more productive at work and school Make meaningful
connections and contributions to the community Realize
and work towards achieving your full potential

16. LITERATURE
REVIEW

17. The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a
dramatic loss of human life
worldwide and presents an
unprecedented challenge
to public health, food systems and the
world of work.

18. The economic and social disruption caused
by the pandemic is devastating: tens of
millions of people are at risk of falling into
extreme poverty, while the number of
undernourished people, currently estimated
at nearly 690 million, could increase by up to
132 million by the end of the year.

19. Millions of enterprises face an
existential threat. Nearly half of the
world’s 3.3 billion global workforce are
at risk of losing their livelihoods.

21. The pandemic has decimated jobs and
placed millions of livelihoods at risk. As
breadwinners lose jobs, fall ill and die, the
food security and nutrition of millions of
women and men are under threat, with
those in low-income countries,
particularly the most marginalized
populations, which include small-scale
farmers and indigenous peoples, being
hardest hit.

22. We must rethink the future of our environment
and tackle climate change and environmental
degradation with ambition and urgency. Only
then can we protect the health, livelihoods,
food security and nutrition of all people, and
ensure that our ‘new normal’ is a better one.

23. DATA ANALYSIS ON
PSYCHOLOGICAL
IMPACT ON MENTAL
HEALTH AFTER
COVID-19

29. REFRENCES
- Guidance from –
A STUDY ON PSYCHOLOGICAL
IMPACT ON MENTAL HEALTH
Academic. Oup. Com
Frontiers. Com
Mayoclinic. Org

30. CONCLUSION
In a nutshell , one can conclude that ,
the present survey suggests that more
than two-fifth of the people are
experiencing anxiety and depression,
due to lockdown and the prevailing
COVID-19 pandemic. This finding
suggests that there is a need of
expanding the mental health services to
everyone in the society during this
pandemic situation.

31. ANNEXURE
Psychological impact on mental health after COVID-19
1.NAME-
2.EMAIL-
3. AGE-
18-24
25-30
30 ABOVE
4. RATE YOUR PHYSICAL HEALTH
EXCELLENT
VERY GOOD

32. 5.RATE YOUR MENTAL HEALTH
EXCELLENT
VERY GOOD
GOOD
FAIR
POOR
6. YOU HAD ANY PROBLEMS WITH YOUR DAILY LIFE DUE TO
PHYSICAL HEALTH
YES
NO
MAY BE
7. YOU HAD ANY PROBLEM WITH YOUR LIFE DUE TO EMOTIONAL
LIFE
EXTREMELY OFTEN
QUITE OFTEN
MODETERATELY OFTEN
SLIGHTLY OFTEN
NOT AT ALL

33. 9. HAS YOUR MENTAL HEALTH AFFECTED YOUR RELATIONSHIP
EXTREMELY OFTEN
QUITE OFTEN
MODERATELY OFTEN
SLIGHTLY OFTEN
NOT AT ALL
10. WHAT ARE YOU FEELING RIGHT NOW
CALM
ENERGETIC
GLOOMY
ANGRY
11. HAVE YOU NOTICED ANY CHANGES IN YOUR DIET HABITS
YES, I EAT TOO MUCH
YES I DON’T FEEL HUNGRY
NOT MUCH
NO CHANGE

34. 12. WHEN WAS THE LAST TIME YOU WERE REALLY HAPPY
FEW DAYS AGO
FEW WEEKS AGO
FEW MONTHS AGO
I DON’T REMEMBER
13. WHEN WAS THE LAST TIME YOU FELTH GOOD ABOUT YOURSELF
FEW DAYS AGO
FEW WEEKS AGO
FEW MONTHS AGO
I DON’T REMEMBERD
14. WHEN WAS THE LAST TIME YOU HAD POSITIVE OUTLOOK ON LIFE
FEW DAYS AGO
FEW WEEKS AGO
FEW MONTHS AGO
I DON’T REMEMBER

35. 15. ARE YOU GOING THROUGH A TOUGH EMOTIONAL SITUATION
YES
NO
MAYBE
16.DO YOU FEEL CONTENT WITH YOUR RELATIONSHIP END FAMILY
YES
NO
MAYBE
17. HAS IS YOUR QUALITY OF SLEEP AFTER COVID
VERY BED
BAD
NORMAL
VERY GOOD

36. 18. HOW OFTEN DO YOU FEEL POSITIVE ABOUT YOURSELF
ALWAYS
OFTEN
SOMETIMES
RARELY
NEVER
19. DO YOU WANT TO SHARE ANY INFORMATION ABOUT YOUR MENTAL HELTH
AFTER COVID