It's ia a most useful topic of rasa shastra and bhaishajya kalpana in 2 nd year of BAMS.

1. • A)Shodhana
Types of shodhana
• Different Techniques used for shodhana
• B) Marana

2. shodhana
• Rasshastra is a science which deals with usage of
maharasa, uprasa, sadharana rasa,dhatuvarga,
updhatu, ratna-uratna, visha-upvisha, sudha-
sikata-lavana varga to treat the disease
• Before the metals and minerals are used for
therapeutic benefit, it become necessary that
theyare used in its pure form to eliminate any
physical,chemical and toxic impurities to change
its physical or chemical form.

3. The word shodhana in Ayurveda denotes the
purification.
In the context of rasshastra the word shodhana
refers to the purification of
metas,minerals and toxic substances i.e our
maharas,uprasa,sadharana rasa,dhatu etc.
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4. OBJECTIVES OF SHODHANA:
• 1.Removal of impurities –
physical,chemical,geological impurities
• 2. Elimination of harmful-toxic material
• 3. Augment the qualities
• 4. Potentiate therapeutic efficacy
• 5. Render the drug fit for further / subsequent
processing ,e.g for bhasma preaparation in case
of dhatu marana process is faciliated
•

5. CLASSIFICATION:
• Samanya Shodhana: It is a common procedure
used for shodhana of all drugs of a particular
group
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6. • Vishesha Shodhana: It a specialized technique
or procedure employed for a single particular
drug
• e.g- vishesha shodhana of dhatu by specific p
rocedure
• loha vishesha shodhana-
• ashudha loha nirvapana in triphala kwatha for
7 times shuddha loha

7. Different techniques used for shodhana:
• 1.Swedana (boiling with liquid media): the
material is boiled in prescribed liquid media
through dola yantra
• e.g-hartala shodhana
• 2.Mardana( trituration): the material is
ground properly with prescribed drug for
specific period
• e.g- samnaya shodhana of parada

8. • 3.Dhalana( melting & quenching): when melted
dravya is poured into liquid then this process is
calledas dhalana
• e.g- naga, vanga ,yashad shodhana
• 4.Nirvapa: when metal is heated upto red hot
and then it is quenched into any liquid then this
process is called as nirvapa
• Synonyms- snapana, nishek
• e.g- This process is used for samanya shodhan of
individually dhatu

9. • 6.Nirjalikarana( evaporation of water):water
content of material is evaporated by heating
• e.g-kankshi shodhana
• 7.Nimajjana(dipping): when any dravya is kept
immersed in the prescribed liquid for specific
period
• e.g-vatsanabh shodhana

10. • 7.Bhavna: bhavna is process in which powders
of drugs are ground to a soft mass with liquid
substance and allowed to dry
• E,g. shodhana of gairik with cowmilk
• 8.bharjan( frying or roasting): the material is
fried with specific liquid on mandagni
• e.g-gairika shodhana

11. MARANA/BHASMIKARANA
• Marana is the process in which the purified
maharas,uprasa, sadharana rasa, dhatu etc are
converted into bhasma by doing mardana
with specific juices or decoction and
incineration.
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12. Types of marana
1.Agnipaka method
• Putapaka
• Kupipakva
2. Bhanupaka method-sun drying

13. Make the small pieces of loha in khalva yantra
Wash with triphala kwatha
Take in suitable vessel and triphala kwatha into it
Keep this vessel in strong sun rays until
evaporation of whole liquid
Repeat this process for times
Bhanupaki loha