Definition of Agricultural Extension

1. Definition of
Agricultural
Extension
Siti Azizah

2. The history of Agricultural Extension
(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IRbrQ-G4SZM)

3.  To spread information
 To explain the material to target
 Non formal education
 To change behaviour
 Social Engineering
 Social Marketing
 Social Change
 Community Empowerment
 Community strengthening
 Development Communication
How to understand
agricultural extension

4.  To spread information about science,
technology, art from academician into
practical activities
 Hence, extension agent should be an:
1. Information spreading agent:
 Actively looking for useful information for
the clients
 Optimally using all their resources in
collecting information
To spread Information

5. 2. Information filter, for and from their
clients (policies, products, methods,
values etc). The reason is information
can be misguide or unuseful. It is also
important to know the source of the
information.

6. 3. Observer of “endogenous technology”.
Some of them are more suitable than the
new ones., eg. Technology: Tebat
larangan, pranoto mongsi, nyabuk
gunung; Regulation: hak ulayat,awig-
awig; Value: tri hita karana
4. Source of information for community
political rights

8.  ”Penyuluhan” comes from”suluh” to give
light.
 To explain things that are useful to
increase farming production and hence
the profit
 To explain means a long process before
the information is understood and applied
by the clients
To explain

9.  Non formal education characteristics:
1. Planned/programmed,
2. Can be anywhere, even learning by
doing,
3. Anytime, the period might be varies
4. Client’s need based
5. The client could plays as a facilitator
Non Formal Education

10.  Andragogy:
1. Lateral/horizontal learning process
2. Dialog between facilitator and his/her
clients is the indicator of the extension
achievement
3. The main target is adult learners
(physiologycally and physically)

12.  Cognitive, affective and physcomotoric changes to
gain better result in farming activities and to acheive
welfare
 ”Tahu” , “ Mau” and “ Mampu”
 Cognitive: to analyze, to synthesize and to evaluate
the innovation, whether the innovation is suitable or
not
 Affective: to voluntarily apply the innovation to
improve his/her farm
 Physcomotoric: to be capable in applying the
innovation. The agent only as a facilitator. Farmers
should be innovators in their community to bring
positive changes.
To change behaviour

14.  To organize the relation between social
subsystems
 Agricultural extension to organize people
behaviour so suit to their role and function
in the social system >> to improve wealth
 Contains necessity/compulsion thus
dependency to the agent
Social Engineering

15.  Social engineering merely lead to
“engineer’s will” than to “client’s need”
 Sociologists then tend to use “social
transformation” term

16.  To apply marketing theories in the social
change process
 Social engineering connotates to
“transform” community (to do to) based
on engineer’s desire, however social
marketing is to “offer ideas” (to do for) to
community.
 Decision making is in the hand of
community
Social Marketing

18.  Social, economic and politic changes in
the system that gives allternatives and
tools to push social economic welfare
 Individual, groups and institution; its
relationships; its norms, values etc
Social Changes

20.  To give power to the clients/ community
OR to utilize their power so they can take
advantage their resources
 To motivate people to actively
participate in the whole development
process and to be able to collaborate
with other stakeholders
Community Empowerment

21.  Capacity building means the strengthening of
the capabilities possessed by each individual
(in society), institutions, and relationships
between individuals, social organization
groups, and other parties outside the
community system to the global level.
 Community capacity is defined as the power
or strength of individuals and communities to
mobilize and utilize resources more effectively
and efficiently in a sustainable manner.
Community strengthening

22.  The power or strength possessed by each
individual and society here is active,
meaning that it is continuously being
developed to produce something more
useful.

24.  More than delivering information:
1. To make clients participate voluntarily
2. To improve community’s intelegence, mental
condition, economic and non-economic status
3. To increase participation channel
 Participation: making decision about the program >
planning > carrying out > monitoring and evaluating
> taking advantage
Development Communication

26.  UU No. 16 Tahun 2006
Penyuluhan Pertanian adalah proses
pembelajaran bagi pelaku utama serta pelaku
usaha agar mereka mau dan mampu
menolong dan mengorganisasikan dirinya
dalam mengakses informasi pasar, teknologi
permodalan, dan sumberdaya lainnya, sebagai
upaya untuk meningkatkan produktivitas,
efisiensi usaha, pendapatan, dan
kesejahteraannya, serta meningkatkan
kesadaran dalam pelestarian fungsi lingkungan
hidup.
Agricultural Extension:
Redefinition

27. Agricultural Extension is a learning process for
main actors and business actors so that they
are willing and able to help and organize
themselves in accessing market information,
capital technology, and other resources, as an
effort to increase productivity, business
efficiency, income and welfare, as well as
increase awareness in preservation of
environmental functions.

28. Important points:
 Andragogy concepts for clients and their
family members
 Participative process and avoid dependency
 Improve productivity, wealth and sustainibility
 Social, economic and politic positive changes
for individuals, groups and institutions
 Empowerment and self reliance