2. What is IoT?
• The Internet of Things (IoT) is the network of physical objects or "things”
embedded with electronics, software, sensors, and network connectivity,
which enables these objects to collect and exchange data.
• IoT allows objects to be sensed and controlled remotely across existing
network infrastructure, creating opportunities for more direct integration
between the physical world and computer-based systems, and resulting in
improved efficiency, accuracy and economic benefit.
3. How IoT Works?
Internet of Things is not the result of a single novel technology;
instead, several complementary technical developments provide
capabilities that taken together help to bridge the gap between the
virtual and physical world . These capabilities include:
Communication and cooperation
Addressability
Identification
Sensing
Actuation
Embedded information processing
Localization
User interfaces
4. How IoT Works?
To
identify
and track
the data
of things
To collect
and process
the data to
detect the
changes in
the physical
status of
things
To enhance
the power of
the network
by devolving
processing
capabilities to
different part
of the
network.
To make the
smaller and
smaller
things have
the ability to
connect and
interact.
5. Few Applications of IoT
Building and Home automation
Manufacturing
Medical and Healthcare systems
Media
Environmental monitoring
Infrastructure management
Energy management
Transportation
Better quality of life for elderly
... ... ...
You name it, and you will have it in IoT!
8. Current Status & Future Prospect of IoT
“Change is the only thing permanent in this world”
9. TECHNOLOGICAL CHALLENGES OF IoT
At present IoT is faced with many challenges, such as:
Scalability
Technological Standardization
Inter operability
Discovery
Software complexity
Data volumes and interpretation
Power Supply
Interaction and short range communication
Wireless communication
Fault tolerance
10.
11. LIGHT FIDELITY
• Light based WI-FI
• Light is used instead of radio-waves to transmit information
• Transceiver fitted LED lamps acts like Wi-Fi modems
• LED lamps can light a room as well as transmit-receive information
• Provides illumination as well as data communication
12. NEED FOR LI-FI
• Radio spectrum is
congested, but the demand
for wireless data doubles
each year
• Issues regarding radio
spectrum, such as capacity,
availability,
• efficiency, security are
solved using LIFI.
• Speed of data transmission
can be increased.
13. OVERCOMING WIFI ISSUES
CAPACITY
Spectrum is 10,000 times greater than that of radio frequency
EFFICIENCY
Highly efficient since LED consumes less energy
AVAILABILITY
Light waves available everywhere.
SECURITY
Cannot penetrate through walls. Hence data cannot be intercepted.
14. VISIBLE LIGHT COMMUNICATION
In electromagnetic spectrum, gamma, UV rays are dangerous
• for human body.
IR rays, due to eye safety regulations, are not used
15. LIFE OF LIFI
Introduced by Professor Herald hass, at the university of Edinburgh.
Established in 2011 TED global talk
The promotion of idea through TED helped to start a company,
Pure LiFi
Pure LiFi, formerly pure VLC, is an original equipment
manufacture firm setup to commercialize Li-Fi products for
integration with existing LED lighting systems
In October 2011, few companies and industries group formed
Li-Fi consortium to promote the high speed optical wireless
systems
16. HOW IT WORKS?
Operational procedure is very simple.
If LED is ON, digital data ‘1’ is transmitted & if LED is
OFF, digital data ‘0’ is transmitted.
LEDs varies in intensity so fast that a human eye cannot
detect it
A controller connected at the back side of these LEDs is
used to code data.
Also called as 5G optical communication.
17. IMPLEMENTATION
All the data from Internet is
streamed into lamp driver.
Data from internet is used to
modulate the intensity of LED
light source.
Thus by fast and subtle
variations of current, optical
output can be made to vary at
extremely high speed
The photodetector picks up
the signal
The receiver dongle then
converts the tiny changes in
amplitude into a data stream.
18. LI-FI NETWORKS
Li-Fi connector and router are the
main components for a network
Room connector:
• Optical signals cannot penetrate
through walls, in order to provide
an optical WLAN, rooms need to
be connected with each other
• Li-Fi room connector is a
replicator, which sends the data
stream from one side of the wall to
the other side via an optical fiber.
• For smaller rooms, connector act as
the only Li-Fi hotspot in the room
19. LI-FI ROUTER
Serves as a connector to external
link like DSL.
Covers a radius of about 20 meters
The transmission speed is 100
Mbps.
Suitable for small office or home
use
20. APPLICATIONS
LIFI can be used in
sensitive areas such as aircrafts for data transmission without causing
interference
Places where it is difficult to lay optical fibers like operation theaters
Traffic scenarios, thereby reducing accidents
Underwater applications where radio waves cannot propagate.
Industries like petrochemical plants, nuclear power plants , petrol pumps
etc
21. TRAFFIC SCENARIO
In traffic scenario, LIFI can be used to
communicate with the LED lights of cars .
Cars can have LED-based headlights,
backlights and can communicate with
each other.
This might prevent accidents, by
exchanging information, when the
vehicles are too close
Using LIFI, Street lights can be used to
send information about the road condition
to the car.
22. LECTURE / SEMINAR HALLS
Downloading notes from blogs of teachers
• Often it is necessary to download lecture
notes from the blogs of respective teachers.
With Li-Fi, the download can be done in the
hall itself
Interactive classroom with interconnected devices
• The classroom will be more interactive with
the real-time interconnectivity between 500
devices
Sharing views & queries with the entire class
• Each person’s queries, views and
clarifications can be shared not only with the
teacher, but with the entire class.
23. INDUSTRIES
Used in RF restricted environments like chemical industries,
nuclear power plants, petrol pumps
24. HOME AND SMALL OFFICES
In home and small offices, Li-Fi can be used to communicate with devices like
Laptops
Internet access
HD video streaming
Printer
25. AIRCRAFTS
The whole airways
communication are performed on
the basis of radio waves.
Hence passengers face the
problem in communication
media.
This problem can be overcome
by using Li-Fi, since light waves
will not interfere with radio
waves.
26. ADVANTAGES
Data rate greater than 10 Gbps; Theoretically allowing HD film
to be downloaded in 30 seconds
Can be used anywhere, even in RF restricted areas; Since light
waves will not interfere with radio waves.
Mostly LED light bulbs are used, which consumes less energy.
Hence cost efficient.
As light waves cannot penetrate through walls, the data cannot
be intercepted; Thus provides secured communication.
Efficient alternative to radio based wireless; since it is quick
and reliable.
27. LIMITATIONS
Visible light cannot penetrate through solid objects.
A major challenge of LiFi is how the receiving device will
transmit back to transmitter.
Interferences from external light sources like sunlight, in the
path of transmission will cause interruption in the communication.
Data transmission can be easily blocked by any object placed in
front of LED source.
29. CONCLUSION
Thus, if Li-Fi technology can be put into practical use, every bulb can
be used as an alternative to Wi-Fi hotspots. It provides simple, faster
and efficient wireless data communication. Li-Fi will make us to
proceed towards the cleaner, greener, safer and brighter future.