Bio-synthesis of palladium nanoparticles using Bos taurus urine

1. Bos taurus (Cattle) Urine
Assisted Catalytically and
Biologically Active Palladium
Nanoparticles
By
Dr. Rai Dhirendra Prasad
Bihar Veterinary College, Patna, India
Dr. Saurabh Raidhirendra Prasad

2. Contents
1. Introduction
2. Laboratory Synthesis of nanoparticles
3. Materials and methods
4. Biosynthesis of Palladium Nanoparticles
5. Characterizations of synthesized NPs
6. Properties of Pd NPs
7. Conclusion
8. References
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3. Introduction
 Since the ancient times material scientists are actively engaged in
designing the new materials.
 American physicist Sir Richard Feynman is regarded as father of
nanotechnology
 According to him ‘Nanotechnology mainly deals with separation,
consolidation and deformation of the materials at atomic or molecular
level
 Nanotechnology strives to make materials with tailored optical,
magnetic, electronic, mechanical, electrical and biological properties
 E.g. gas sensors, bio-sensors, memristors, metamaterials,
supercapacitors, bioactive materials, catalysts, batteries, etc.
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4. Introduction…
The nano-structured materials possess novel size and shape
dependent properties which are different from that of bulk
materials because of some reasons such as-
o high aspect ratio,
o ineffectiveness of gravitational force,
o sensitive electrostatic force,
o presence of dangling bonds,
o effective random molecular motion, etc.
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5. Introduction…
 At nano scale, as mass becomes extremely small and thus the
gravitational force becomes negligible.
 Though the size becomes small, the charge remains same.
 Thus, electrostatic force remains same as in bulk condition.
 Thus, exotic properties are developed in materials in nano
regime
 Nanoparticles are of great scientific interest as they bridge the
gap between bulk materials and atomic or molecular structures
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6. Laboratory Synthesis of nanoparticles
 NPs synthesis can be categorized as-
o Physical method
o Chemical method
o Biological method
 Also, there can be another way of classification of
NP synthesis namely
o top down approach and
o bottom up approach (Reducing agent and capping
agents are required)
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7. Materials and Methods- Biosynthesis of
Palladium Nanoparticles
 We have synthesized Palladium NPs using urine of indigenous Indian Khilar
cow (A-2 type cow)
 Precursor used- Palladium chloride
 Steps of synthesis
 Here 200 ml of 0.01M PdCl2 solution was prepared by dissolving Palladium
chloride in double distilled water.
 Then pinch of N,N cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) was dissolved in
5 ml of double distilled water and slowly added in above solution with
constant stirring.
 After this, 50 ml of cow urine was taken in burette and drop wise added
with constant stirring in the reaction mixture.
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8. Materials and Methods- Biosynthesis of
Palladium Nanoparticles
 The reaction mixture was maintained at about 80⁰C temperature.
 As soon as the cow urine was added dark blackish colored precipitate
appeared in the solution.
 After complete addition of 50 ml of cow urine a sufficient amount of the
precipitate was observed.
 Then the reaction mixture was continuously heated till complete dryness
 Then, solid mass remaining in the beaker was separated using spatula and
then crushed into fine powder in mortar.
 The fine powder obtained was used for characterization and also studied
catalytic efficacies for organic transformation and biological activities
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9. Properties of Palladium Nanoparticles
 Catalytic Activity of Palladium Nanoparticles
 Biological activities of Palladium NPs using Agar
well diffusion techniques
o Antibacterial activity
o Antifungal activity
o Antioxidant activity
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10. Characterizations of synthesized NPs
 UV-visible Spectroscopic study-
o maximum absorption is observed at 410nm which indicates
formation of PdNPs
 XRD Pattern
 FE-SEM
 Zeta Potential and DLS
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11. XRD Pattern
It confirms the
crystalline nature with
hexagonal structure of
the synthesized
nanoparticles which is in
agreement
with the JCPDS file No.
01-071-0710
crystal size can be
calculated by Scherer
formula
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12. FE-SEM
Reveals formation
of 3D crystallite
structure of
Palladium
nanoparticles
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13. ZETA Potential
Zeta potential from
Fig. 3 signifies the
stability of the
synthesized
nanoparticles
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14. DLS
The DLS analysis from
reveals the
hydrodynamic diameter
of the synthesized
nanoparticles
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15. Catalytic Activity of Pd nanoparticles
for Organic Reactions
UV-Visible
Spectra
indicating
reduction of
4-
Nitrophenol
to 4-
Aminophenol
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16. Antimicrobial and Antifungal action of Palladium Nanoparticle on A)
Salmonella typhi B) Pseudomonas aeruginosa C) Bacillus cereus D)
Escherichia coli E) Fusarium solani F) Aspergillus niger
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17. Conclusion
 This work represents successful synthesis of PdNPs using cow urine.
 Cow urine acts as reducing agent, therefore, it is concluded that presence of
bio-components in cow urine is responsible for reduction of Palladium ions
and formations of nanoparticles.
 This is a rapid and eco-friendly method which has added advantage of
reduced reaction time and better control over size and morphology.
 This is very simple and does not require sophisticated instrumentation and
high skilled man power.
 This is very economical as cow excreta are used as reducing agent which is a
waste product.
 The nanoparticles can be synthesized at physiological pH.
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18. References
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