Industrial AC machine

3. India is facing significant growth in electricity demand and could benefit
greatly by using energy efficient lighting systems. The need of the hour for
the country is secured, affordable and environmentally sustainable
energy to meet the ambitious National Programme of “Power to all by
2012”.
Lighting is the most visible form of electricity consumption and lighting
load in our country is very high about 17-18% of total load. By increasing
the efficiency of lighting system, there can be significant energy saving
and reduction in peak load. There is a scope for reducing about 30 to 35
% of the morning and evening peak demand.

4.  Demerits of Conventionally
filament lamps are as follows:
 High energy consumption (15
watt/lamp).
 Failure of lamps is high (operating
life less than 1,000 hours).
 Very sensitive to the voltage
fluctuations.
 Merits of the LED lamps over
Conventionally filament lamps
are as follows:
 Lesser power consumption (0.5-
0.8 watt/lamp).
 Longer operating life (more than
1,00,000 hours).
 Withstand high voltage fluctuation
in the power supply.

5.  Energy savings about 30 to 50 %.
 Lights instantly.
 Improved power factor (more than 0.90 power factor).
 Less heat dissipation, which reduces the air conditioning load.
 No audible humming sound.
 No stroboscopic effect.
 Operates in low voltage.
 Less in weight.
 Increases the life of lamp.

6. Characteristicsof lightsource:-
 Efficacy
 Color rendering
 Color temperature
 Size
 Life
 Cost

7.  Switching from traditional light bulbs (called
incandescent ) to CFLs will help to use less
electricity at home and prevent greenhouse gas
emissions that lead to global climate change.
 Lighting accounts for close to 20 % of the average
home’s electric bill.
 CFLs, last upto 10 times longer, cost little up front
 Provide a quick return on investment.

8.  CFLs contain a very small amount of mercury sealed within the
glass tubing - an average of 4 milligrams .By comparison the
older thermometers contain about 500 milligram of mercury –
an amount equal to mercury in 125 CFLs .
 Mercury is an essential part of CFLs; it allows the bulb to be
essential part of light source.
 No mercury is released when bulbs are intact or in use .Most
makers of light bulb have reduced mercury in their fluorescent
lighting products.
 Thanks to technology advances the average mercury content in
CFLs has dropped at least 20 % in the past year. Some
manufacturers have even made further reductions, dropping
mercury content to 1.4-2.5milligrams per light bulb.

9.  LED is a light emitting semiconductor diode that
emits light in forward direction or in the direction it
is pointed towards.
 LEDs are most often used in the form of an indicator
light in electronic devices, traffic signal lights,
musical instruments and dashboards in cars and in
houses, etc.
 The color of the light produced by LED depends on
the composition of the semiconductor material used
out of which producing a blue color light is the most
difficult process.
 The nature of the light emitted can be visible,
infrared or ultraviolet.

10.  Most modern LEDs are undergo superior design and
manufacturing process that gives them a lifespan of up-to
1,00,000 hours, compared with 10,000 for a compact
fluorescent and 1,000 for an incandescent bulb.
 Lifespan of a LED bulb could come down due to the amount of
heat a LED produces. This directly depends on die temperature
and ambient temperature of the LED.
 Some LED light bulbs show sign of age after a couple of years of
use and may produce only 50% of the light output when
compared to what it used to produce when it was new.
However new technologies are in process to enhance its
performance over its life span.

11. Powerconsumptionof LEDlightbulbs:-
 Most modern LED operate in a range of 2 to 4 volts
and consume anywhere between 350mA and
1500mA. The power consumption varies from
manufacturer to manufacturer and also because of
the purpose for which the LED was designed.
 Another factor that affects power consumption of
LEDs is for the fact that LEDs can not be dimmed.
 Now a days using latest of the LED manufacturing
technology, manufacturers are able to produce LEDs
that are not only super bright but also consume less
power while producing light of higher intensity.

12.  Power consumption of LED light bulb is only 10% of the standard light
bulb.
 LED light bulbs withstand great amount of vibration, shock and
temperature variations.
 LED light bulbs are 10-60 times more energy efficient than
incandescent light bulbs.
 Incandescent light bulbs produce light that flickers whereas LED light
bulbs produce flicker free light.
 LED bulbs can produce many rich and vibrant colors when compared
to incandescent light bulbs.

13. ChangingScenarioof Lamps:-

14.  Use of energy efficient lamps like CFL, LED, T-5
fluorescent lamp, etc lead to enormous amount of energy
savings which is estimated as 50 to 80%.
 Electronic gears of conservation of energy like electronic
ballast saves energy within the range of 10 to 20%.
 Solar lighting systems such as Lanterns, Street Lights,
Home Lights, etc. can be effectively used, especially in
areas of where lighting is required for shorter duration.
This will not only lead to energy conservation but also
encourage use of non-conventional and environmental
friendly energy system.