Transonic Combustion A Novel Injection-Ignition Technology

1. Siddhivinayak Technical Campus
School of Polytechnic & Research Technology,
Khamgaon
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING

2. SUBMITTED BY
MR. SHRICHANDRA R. JOSHI
GUIDED BY
PROF. P. B. GAJGHANE

3.  INTRODUCTION
 TRANSONIC COMBUSTION
 TRANSONIC ENGINE PRINCIPLE
 SUPERCRITICAL FUEL AND INJECTION SYSTEM
 THE COMPARISON OF LIQUID AND SUPERCRITICAL FUEL
 COMMON RAIL SYSTEM
 ADVANTAGES
 DISADVANTAGES
 APPLICATIONS
 CONCLUSION
 FUTURE SCOPE
 REFERENCES

4. A new combustion process has been developed by Transonic
Combustion Inc. named company in California in October 2010. It
is based on the patented concept of injection-ignition known as
Transonic Combustion or TSCiTM. This combustion process is based
on the direct injection of fuel into the cylinder as a supercritical
fluid. Spark ignition gasoline engine efficiency is limited by a
number of factors; these include the pumping losses that result from
throttling, and the slow burning rates that result in poor combustion
phasing and a compression ratio limited by detonation of fuel.

5. Transonic combustion technology brings together the injection and
ignition process to become injection-ignition system. In this system
the nature of the working fluid reduces heat loss to the surrounding
surfaces, resulting in further efficiency improvements.Transonic
combustion may have “transformational” technology-one that can
achieve double efficiency compared to current gasoline powered
vehicles in urban driving. Eliminating of droplet burning and
increasing combustion stability of processes taken out in an engine
is the main purpose of designing such a type of system.

6. Transonic engine is based on the principle of the fuel injection.
In transonic engine ignition system is removed and redesigned the
fuel injection. Transonic’s patented product is its TSCi™ fuel
injection system that utilizes supercritical fuel, enabling significant
improvements in fuel consumption by employing supercritical fuel in
automotive powertrains. The short combustion delay angles allow for
the injection timing to be such that the ignition and combustion
events take place after TDC. This late injection timing results to
provide ease of combustion.

7. A supercritical fluid is any substance
at a temperature and pressure above its
critical point, where distinct liquid and
gas phases do not exist. It can effuse
through solids like a gas, and dissolve
materials like a liquid. Multiple
ignition sites and rapid combustion
rates of heat release and high cycle efficiency. Supercritical fuel
combine to result in high
SUPERCRITICAL FUEL
achieves rapid mixing with the contents of the cylinder and after a
short delay period spontaneous ignition occurs at multiple locations.

8. THE COMPARISON OF LIQUID FUEL AND
SUPERCRITICAL FLUID
Throughout the history of internal combustion engine, engineers have boosted cylinder
compression to extract more mechanical energy from a given fuel-air charge. The extra
pressure enhances the mixing and vaporization of the injected droplets before burning.

9. TRANSONIC COMBUSTION STROKES INSIDE
THE CYLINDER
Transonic combustion’s unique feature is that it injects fuel in a
different manner. Fuel is raised to a supercritical state and injected
during the combustion process with more precise timing. It means that
the transonic’s process uses substantially less fuel than conventional
systems.

10. THE TRANSONIC COMBUSTION
TECHNOLOGY BY COMMON RAIL SYSTEM

11.  Taking Aim at Gas Guzzlers :
When people think about reducing gasoline consumption, alternative-fuel and
hybrid cars usually come to mind. A superefficient fuel injector designed to
integrate easily into conventional cars. Unlike standard fuel injectors, the TSCi
injector pressurizes and heats gasoline to 400 degrees Celsius, bringing it to a
supercritical state that is partway between liquid and gas. When the substance
enters the combustion chamber, it combusts without a spark and mixes with air
quickly, allowing it to burn more efficiently than the liquid droplets produced by
standard injectors. A Transonic test car the size and weight of a Toyota Prius
achieved 64 miles per gallon at highway speeds, compared with the 48 mpg
highway rating on the Prius. Transonic is working with three major automakers
and expects the first TSCi-equipped vehicles to hit the market in 2016.
 Multi Tasker :
Transonic is testing its 10.5-inch-long injector with ethanol, biodiesel, and
vegetable oil, in addition to gasoline.

12. ADVANTAGES
 Perfect combustion of fuel.
 Pollution is reduced to a greater extent because of perfect combustion.
 Knocking is eliminated.
 Engine life is increased.
 Improved fuel efficiency.
 Multi-fuel compatible.
 Economical OEM Powertrain integration.
 Global automotive industrial sustainability.
 Energy independence.
 About 50 % increase in efficiency.

13.  Might be Costly.
 Extraction of supercritical fluid is may be difficult.
 Needs regular maintenance.
 If ECU goes wrong somehow efficiency affects.
DISADVANTAGES

14.  Can be used instead of using diesel and gasoline engines to lower the fuel
consumption, increase the efficiency and reduce the emission losses.
 More beneficial in higher dense population metro cities like Los Angels, Delhi,
Shanghai, Mumbai, New York etc. where pollution by vehicles is one of the
major problems.
 As the fuel consumption is reduced by 50% it could be affordable to use it in
all types of automotive vehicles working on IC engine.
 It would be the revolutionary change if this technology is successfully
implemented in the automotive vehicles engines. It would save the transport
economy, help to control the pollution caused by emission and also save the
fossil fuels which are draining rapidly from earth’s crust day by day.

15.  By eliminating the ignition system and introducing a completely
redesigned fuel injection system, TSCi (Injector-Ignition) realize a 50%
increase in efficiency. With the influence of supercritical fluid
enhances a complete combustion and there by increases engine
efficiency and reduces the emissions.
 If it works as promised, the transonic combustion engine technology
would improve fuel economy by far more than other options, some of
which can improve efficiency on the order of 20 percent. It is expected
to cost about as much as high end fuel injection systems currently on
the market.

16.  ‘De. Boer’. "Transonic Combustion - A Novel Injection-Ignition
System for Improved Gasoline Engine Efficiency," SAE Technical
Paper 2010-01-2110, 2010;
 ‘Dixon D. J.’ and ‘K.P. Johnston’ "Transonic Combustion," In
Encyclopedia of Separation Technology; 2011-2014
 ‘Botany Susana’. Preface. “The Journal of Supercritical Fluids 45”.12
June 2008133.27
 https://www.technologyreview.com/s/414683/supercritical-fuel-
injection/August-2009
 Injectordynamics.com/articles/fuel-pressure-explained/
REFERENCES

17. THANK YOU