Oman Power Sector Analysis and Future Outlook

1 | P a g e
sector
analysis report
Power
Shoby.P.Jacob

Power Sector Analysis
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Contents
1. Introduction- Oman’s Power Sector Page3
2. Why Power Sector Page5
3. Major Co’s in Power Sector Page9
Power Generation Co’s in MIS & DPS Page10
Power Transmission & Distribution Cos Page13
4. Key Business Drivers Page20
5. Future Projects Page21
6. Tender Analysis Page25
7. Finalised Projects Page29
8. Solar Powered Projects Page30
9. Grid/ Substation Construction/ Upgradation Page36
10. Engineering Page37
11. Summary Page38
12. Glossary Page39
13. References Page40

3 | P a g e
INTRODUCTION
OMAN’S POWER SECTOR
The Electricity generation capacity of Oman prior to
1970 was 2 Megawatt, which has significantly now
exceeded to 5200 Megawatts, from all the
governorates through various electricity generation
plants. Though Oman largely depends on gas turbine
power plants, powered by Natural Gas for its
electricity generation, the sources are being
diversified gradually.
Sultan Qaboos bin Said “Vision 2020” policy, which
aims of producing 10 per cent of Oman’s Power from
renewable energy sources by 2020, supports the
country’s sustainable development plan in power
sector.
The Oman Power Sector through Oman Power
Water Procurement (OPWP), the sole buyer of
electricity, procures electricity from independent
power plants(IPPs) and transfers it to Oman
Electricity Transmission Company (OETC), which
subsequently supplies to the distribution companies.
Power Distribution Path
Generation
IPPs, State Utilities (NAMA), Industry(PDO)
Transmission
State Utilities-(NAMA-OETC)
Distribution
State Owned (NAMA-Distribution Cos)
Wholesaler
OPWPC
Power Generation Station
Diesel/ Gas/ Renewable Energy
Central Dispatch Station
Diesel/ Gas/ Renewable Energy based
Towers line Towers
132 KV/ 220 KV/400 KV
Distribution Load Center
In all Governorates
Consumers
Through distribution Cos
 IPPs
 Maintenance of Central Dispatch Station & Transmission System - OETC
 Maintenance of Distribution Load Center & Power Distribution to Consumers- Power Distribution Cos

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Structure of Power Sector
With no National Grid, supply of electricity in Oman is through a transmission grid, which is divided three market
segments, based on geographical regions- North, Central and South.
1. Main Interconnected System(MIS) covers the Northern area of Oman. MIS accounts for 90 per cent of
installed generation MIS serves Muscat, Buraimi, South Batinah, North Batinah, Dakhiliyah, Sharqiyah, and
Dhahirah regions.
2. Dhofar Power System (Salalah System) covers the southern Dhofar region & city of Salalah
3. Rural Area System covers the rest region of Oman (Duqm & Musandam)
Main Interconnected System(MIS)
2 of the 12 Power generation companies in MIS- Wadi Al Jizzi & Al
Ghubrah, are publicly owned through Nama Holding & the remaining
companies are privately owned IPPs, having long term power purchase
agreements with OPWP.MIS transmits power through OETC Network to
the three Electricity Distribution Companies - Muscat Electricity
Distribution Company(MEDC), MAJAN and MAZOON and is also
connected to the power systems of PDO & to the Abu Dhabi network
through a 220KV link.
Dhofar Power System (Salalah System)
The Dhofar System serving Dhofar governorate & Salalah city, from its
two privately owned power generation companies, through OETC
network, transmits power to the distributer-The Dhofar Power Company.
Rural Area System
The rural areas system supports
remote area customers in Duqm
& Musandam & falls outside of
OPWP/OETC responsibility. The
Rural Areas Electricity Company
(RAECO), generates, transmits
and supply electricity in these
areas.

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WHY POWER SECTOR
Power Demand
Oman saw an average 10 percent annual growth in demand for power in Oman, in comparison to the developed
nations which usually contend with a 2-3 percent annual increase.
In 2014-2015, the growth rate of peak power demand recorded in MIS was 8.4 percent & 13 percent in Dhofar
System. This rapid increase in power demand is forecasted to continue grow by 8%, with peak demand of 9530
MW in 2022, for MIS.
Fact that Oman LNG had to reschedule some of its liquefied natural gas (LNG) exports, due to domestic power
shortages, highlights the incapacity to supply enough power to meet the growing domestic demand & indicates
the relevance of this topic to the Sultanate.
3245
5565
9530
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
2009 2015 2022
P E A K P O W E R D E M A N D ( M W ) - M I S
16
28
50
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
2009 2015 2022
E N E R G Y C O N S U M T I O N ( T W H ) - M I S
438
495
884
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
2014 2015 2022
P E A K P O W E R D E M A N D ( M W ) - D P S
2.9
5.5
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
2015 2022
E N E R G Y C O N S U M T I O N ( T W H ) - D P S

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Reasons for Rapid Power Demand
The robust industrialization, rising population & investment in infrastructure projects, over the years, created a
rapid demand growth for Power in Oman. Oman’s population growth is a major factor which drives the demand
for electricity. 30% of Oman’s population aged between 15-29 Years, substantiates the rise in family formation
and necessitates the need of added housing developments in Oman.
The population which grew with a 25% increase since 2010 is expected to increase by 12% by 2020. The
diversification of Oman's economy from oil, is too a major factor in the increasing electricity demand. The heavy
investment of government in infrastructure-as part of Vision 2020 diversification scheme, creates US$150bn worth
of construction projects, planned or under way.
How to meet this growing demand
To meet this rising power demand, 4.8GW capacity needs to be added by 2020, means the power generation
capacity needs an annual growth of 9.6% during 2015-2020. This will require an investment of around USD8 billion
by the end of 2020 (USD 6bn investment in power generation and USD 2bn in transmission and distribution).
Though various fresh sources like Wind, Solar, Coal & Nuclear, are explored to complement the existing capacity,
only renewable sources provide rapidly deployable & scalable diversification options. The coal or nuclear requires
1GW minimum commitment.
A. Gas Powered Generation
The thermal power generation subsector growth is expected to be in mid-single digits in 2016 to 2018,
then undergo a big leap in output of 30.9% in 2019, as several major Gas fired thermal power projects is
expected to be operational and subsequently to be in the low single digits between 2020 to 2025. The
power generated through thermal sub sector in 2019 is expected to be 57 TWh. Deal with Iran to create a
submarine pipeline between the countries to pump gas to Oman & BP Oman's operation at Khazzan gas
field are projects aimed to provide large sources of Natural Gas from 2017 onwards.
3.3
4.1
4.6
0
1
2
3
4
5
2010 2016 2020
P O P U L A T I O N ( M I L L I O N )

7 | P a g e
High efficiency combined cycle gas power plants are increasingly replacing the older open-cycle gas
turbine based power generation, aiding to reduce the consumption of valuable natural gas. Gas
consumption per unit of power generation has dropped to 29% since 2009.
Though the total gas consumption of MIS, in 2015 was 7.4 billion Sm3
against the 7.1 billion Sm3
consumed
in 2014, the amount of electricity delivered during this period had a significant 14% increase. Through
Efficiency improvements the average gas utilization in plants, is projected to improve by 25% from 2015
to 2022.
B. Solar
Though significant investment being made is into gas power generation, an alternative option, the most
potential source, untapped is renewable energy, specifically solar energy. With consistent sky clearness
(about 342 days/year) & extensive solar radiation up to 7,900 GW of solar energy a day, Oman has some
of the best conditions for solar energy in the world.
343
291
267
200
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
2010 2014 2015 2022
Gas Consumed Sm3

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As a major initiative, to raise the contribution of renewable energy in the total power generated, on May
2015 RAECO commenced its first commercial solar power generation in Oman, in Al Mazyunah, Dhofar in
South Oman. The 307-Kw solar plant spread over 8000 sq. m was jointly executed by US based Astonfied
& local firm Multitech, with a capital expenditure of $1 million. RAECO has plans to expand its solar
project to further seven sites.
OPWP too have plans to consider renewable energy sources for the MIS & Dhofar grids. For MIS, one or
more solar plants with aggregate capacity of 200MW is planned, with prospective sites identified near
Adam & Manah and expected to begin operations in 2019.
C. Wind
Oman’s wind speed has an average value of more than 5m/s in several parts of the country, a potential
factor for wind based power plants. A 50 MWh wind based power plant is expected to be operational, in
Harweel, Dhofar by 2017. The $200 million valued project, spread in 200,000 sq. m, with 25 turbines is
implemented by Abu Dhabi Future Energy Co (Masdar). RAECO the purchaser, expects to receive 160GW
annually from this pilot project.
D. Private Participation
Oman as a trendsetter in the GCC region, in power sector, pioneered the deregulation and liberalization
of power sector, paving way for Independent Power Plants (IPP) with private involvement. The first IPP in
Sultanate was implemented in 1996 through the 270MW Al Manah Power plant, developed by United
Power Company on a BOOT model.
Currently 70% of sultanate’s power is generated from IPPs and the reliance on IPPs could increase, due to
deficit budget, caused by lower oil revenues. Presently OPWP holds majority stakes in all IPPs and offers
15-year power purchase agreements. OPWP is aiming to operate through a spot market model by the end
of the decade, with trials by 2017, allowing power generators to sell electricity through different channels
differing to the traditional agreements. Investments in the utilities sector of Oman is attractive, as the
IPPs are insulated from external shocks by government guarantees (Fuel supply agreements with
governments to mitigate feedstock price fluctuations) and hence relatively risk free.
Although government expenditures will be tightened due to lower oil prices, critical investments in power sector
are prioritized & will not be affected. But decline in oil revenues indicates government cannot support the provision
of cheap power, for long. To meet this growing demand of electricity & to attain sustainability, OPWP plans to focus
more on renewables- by generating 200 MW of Solar power by 2020, Improve efficiency and capacities of existing
plants and finally a gradual decrease in electricity subsidies. The size of expansion in alternative energy will be a
key factor in tackling the country's electricity shortages, as gas will not last forever and domestic demand will
continue to rise.

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MAJOR COMPANIES IN THE POWER SECTOR
 Nama Holding
 OPWP Includes MIS & DPS
* RAECO is involved in Power Generation, Transmission & Distribution for the Rural Areas of Oman
Muscat Electricity Distribution Co (MEDC)
Mazoon Electricity Co (MZEC)
Dhofar Power Co (DPC)
Power Transmission Companies Oman Electricity Transmission Company (OETC)
Power Generation Companies IPPs
Rural
Electricity
Power
Company
(RAECO)*
Authority for Electricity
Regulation
IPPs OETC Distribution Cos
Oman Power & Water
Procurement Co
Rural Areas Electricity Co
Power Distribution Companies
Majan Electricity Co (MJEC)
Distribution Code Review
Panel

10 | P a g e
POWER GENERATION COMPANIES IN MIS & DPS
MIS
DPS
SOHAR I
SOHAR II
BARKA III
SUR
SALALAH II
Under Construction
2000 MW
largest plant in operation
585 MW Sohar Power Co
741 MW Al Bataniah Power Co
741 MW Al Suwadi Power Co
254 MW United Power Co
271 MW Al Kamil Power Co
Wadi Al Jizzi
Planned to be decommissioned
325 MW
Al Ghubrah
Planned to be decommissioned
435 MW
BARKA I
BARKA II
Wadi Al Jizzi Power Co
Al Ghubrah Power and Desalination Co.
RUSAIL
MANAH
ALKAMIL
Rusail Power Co665 MW
OPERATIONAL INDEPENDENT POWER PLANTS
Phoenix Power Co
427 MW ACWA Power Co
677 MW SMN Barka Power Co
RAYSUT/ NPS 273 MW Dhofar Generation Co
SALALAH IWPP 445 MW Sembcorp Salalah Power & Water Co
445 MW Dhofar Generation Co
IBRI
Under Construction
1509 MW
Ad Dahirah Generation Co
SOHAR IV
Under Construction
1710 MW
Shinas Power Co

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In MIS, the total contracted capacity of 7180 MW in 2016, rises to 8968 MW by 2019 dipping to 7418 MW by 2022,
due to contract expirations,in many plants.Foremost Contract expiry in 2017, is Al Kamil IPP & subsequently Barka I
in 2018. Positively OPWP targets these contract extensions with prospective capacity additions. Other major
developments in 2018 is the decommissioning of Wadi Al Jizzi and Al Ghubrah plants.
In addition, MIS is connected to PDO & Sohar Aluminium Facility, in a motive to support reserve sharing.This model
helps in accessing unused reserve power on arousal of contigency situations.PDO can provide upto 60MW to MIS
& similarly Sohar Aluminum exports up to 180MW during summer and imports equivalent amount of energy
during winter.
7180 6897
7450
8968 8968 8704
7418
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
CONTRACTED CAPACITY (MW)-MIS
430
665
325
254
271
427
585
677
741
741
2000
1509
1710
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500
Ghubrah
Rusail
Wadi Jizzi
Manah
Al Kamil
Barka-I
Sohar-I
Barka-II
Sohar-II
Barka-III
Sur
Ibri
Sohar-IV
I P P S C O N T R A C T E D C A P A C I T Y ( M W ) - M I S
273
445 445
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
Raysut Salalah-I Salalah-II
C O N T R A C T E D C A P A C I T Y ( M W ) - D P S

12 | P a g e
RAECO’s 50MW wind farm project in Harweel, Dhofar is set to be operational in 2017 & improves to meet the
future power demand of DPS. Furthermore, the interconnection maintained with PDO system(through a 132KV
link), will meet the contigency requirements of DPS(upto 150MW) & mutually supports both systems, through a
reserve sharing model.
Power Generation Resources (2016-2022)
The Salalah II IPP has capacity to meet requirements until around 2024, in line with the demand growth. The
procurement activities for a new plant, The Salalah-V IPP, could be expected to begin around 2019.
Governorates of Oman
S No GOVERNORATE Generation Transmission Distribution Supply
1 Ad Dakhiliyah MIS OETC MZEC MZEC
2 Ad Dhahirah MIS OETC MAJAN MAJAN
3 Al Batinah North MIS OETC MAJAN MAJAN
4 Al Batinah South MIS OETC MZEC MZEC
5 Al Buraimi MIS OETC MAJAN MAJAN
6 Al Wusta RAECO RAECO RAECO RAECO
7 Ash Sharqiyah North MIS OETC MZEC MZEC
8 Ash Sharqiyah South MIS OETC MZEC MZEC
9 Dhofar DPC OETC DPC DPC
10 Masqat MIS OETC MEDC MEDC
11 Musandam RAECO RAECO RAECO RAECO
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
Power Generation Resources (MW)-MIS
Contracted Capacity Contract Extensions New IPP's PDO Sohar Aluminium GCC Interconnection
0
500
1000
1500
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
Power Generation Resources(MW)-DPS
Contracted Capacity Wind Project PDO

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Power Transmission & Distribution Companies
A. RURAL AREAS ELECTRIFICATION COMPANY (RAECO)
RAECO supports remote area customers of Duqm & Musandam regions and generates, transmits and
supply electricity in these areas.
Duqm
The current population in Duqm is expected to grow rapidly due to development of the new economic &
industrial center. Currently RAECO operates a 67MW diesel power plant (Duqm) to supply power in Duqm
& plans to add another 80MW in 2018.
In Musandam region, the power demand is met through 34 No’s of diesel generators, located near load
centers with a cumulative output of 91MW. Majority of these diesel power generators are nearing its life
period of 20 years. Construction of 120MW Musandam plant is in progress & is expected to be
operational in 2017. Additionally, PDO supplies power in some remote locations of RAECO where RAECO
generation systems do not exist, which are near to the PDO power plants.
The infrastructure of RAECO includes 132KV,33KV/ 11KV networks for transmission with Underground
cabling & LV overhead lines for distribution. RAECO’s currently executing HAIMA Project (Costing
6353990 RO) involves a 132 KV line from PDO network, 2x90 MVA, 132/33 KV grid station and distribution
network aims to provide reliable power supply in the state of Haima in Al-Wusta Governorate.
8559
39813
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
Duqm Musandam
C U S T O M E R S - R A E C O
67
80
91
120
0 50 100 150 200 250
Power Gen Capacity (MW)
Additional Planned Power Gen
Capacity(MW)
P O W E R G E N E R A T I O N C A P A C I T Y
Duqm Musandam

14 | P a g e
The graphs substantiate that peak power demand of RAECO till 2022 is safely met through the existing & planned
IPPs.
The future activities of RAECO will be majorly concentrated in the following areas
1. Interconnection of Rural system to the National system- A 400KV transmission line linking Duqm, PDO,
Dhofar & MIS is being evaluated, which will provide contingency, grid stability and secured supply to
Duqm, upon development of Duqm as a major industrial and economic center.
2. Improve the Fuel efficiency of Plants- RAECO is currently implementing an interlinking program which
involves closing less efficient small power stations and feeding the system from the nearest more efficient
stations.
3. Reduce System Loss- Backed by incentive/ penalty loss mechanism, AER reviews & decides the annual
system loss reduction rate, for each Companies involved in transmission & distribution of power in Oman.
The loss is identified by calculating the difference between the power sent to the distribution network
and the power consumed by final customers (Total units supplied at the entry point). There are intense
efforts made by all transmission & distribution Cos to match these expected figures.
0
50
100
150
200
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
Duqm- Power Resources
Duqm Capacity Duqm-New Plant Capacity
0
50
100
150
200
250
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
Musandam Power Resources
Musandam Capacity Musandam-New Plant Capacity
33
42
70
94
107
115
123
89
101
117
125
134
144
154
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
PEAK POWER DEMAND
Power Demand-Duqm Power Demand- Musandam

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4. Renewable Energy-The Mazayuna solar project, the Harweel wind farm & the planned renewable projects
highlight the concentrated activities of RAECO in renewable energy sector.
Description Location Subsidiary Status Project Cost
0.3MW Solar Power Al-Mazyunah RAECO In Operation $1Million
50MW Wind Farm Harweel, Dhofar RAECO In Operation by 2017 $200 Million
1.6MW Wind Farm Masirah RAECO Future Project -
2MW Solar Power Ibri, Al Dahriah RAECO Future Project -
2MW Solar Power Al Sharqiah RAECO Future Project -
2MW Solar Power Mudhai, Dhofar RAECO Future Project -
0.5MW Solar Power Fatkhait, Dhofar RAECO Future Project -
0.5MW Solar Power Harweel, Dhofar RAECO Future Project -
8.2
9.8
10.68
8.06
10.74
1.7
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
RAECO MEDC MZEC OETC
SYSTEM LOSS-2015
AER Target % Actual %

16 | P a g e
B. OMAN ELECTRICITY TRANSMISSION CO (OETC)
OETC is authorized to undertake all activities related to electricity transmission in MIS & DPS, at voltages
132KV & above. Currently OETC has two operating voltages- 220 & 132 in MIS and in DPS has one
operating voltages-132 KV.
The infrastructure of OETC includes 400KV, 220KV & 132KV transmission system, its grid stations &
associated items such as generators, reactive power compensators, transformers, capacitor banks etc.
Its OETC’s strategic plan is to develop a 400KV system including its associated 400/220KV/132KV grid
stations, for power evacuation from the centralized power plants. OETC strategize to operate 400KV as
backbone, 220KV as transmission and 132KV as sub transmission systems.
Through a 220KV system, completed in 2010, OETC also maintains an interconnection with UAE (Transco
Abu Dhabi) & to the GCCIA grid. This interconnection is planned to be strengthened by a new 400KV DC
transmission line, in 2018.
685
1589
3222
62 150
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
400KV-OH 220KV-OH 132KV-OH 220KV-UG 132KV-UG
OH & UG (KMS)-MIS
6750
12630
320
14684
150
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
400/220 KV 220/132 KV 220/33 KV 132/33 KV 132/33 KV
TRANSFORMER CAPACITY (MVA)--MIS
1
2
6
3
1
7
44
1
0 10 20 30 40 50
400/220 KV IC
400/220/ 132/33 KV
220 KV IC
220/132 KV
220/33 KV
220/132/33 KV
132/33 KV
132/11 KV
GRID STATIONS QTY-MIS
510
132
1312
7
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400
OETC INFRASTRUCTURE IN DPS
132/33 KV-GS(QTY) 132/33 KV Tx (MVA) 132KV-UG (KMS) 132KV-OH (KMS)

17 | P a g e
C. MUSCAT ELECTRICITY DISTRIBUTION CO (MEDC)
The scope of MEDC includes distribution & supply of power to the consumers of Muscat governorate.
Customer Growth Power Demand Growth
INFRASTRUCTURE
Infrastructure of MEDC includes Substations (160 Nos), Overhead transmission lines (11KV & 33KV),
Transformers, Underground cabling (11KV & 33KV).
The projects focused by MEDC (in 2015) comprises of the LV/ 11 KV extensions, load transfers & load
balances-for new grid stations and SCADA project. As of 2015, 69% of substations were connected to
master system(SCADA) & the connection of Grid stations is ongoing.
284625
309803
270000
280000
290000
300000
310000
320000
2014 2015
N O O F C U S T O M E R S
1567 1618 1763 1738
2014 2154
2305
2466
2639
2797
2965
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
DEMAND (MW)
Type Voltage Category(KV)
Length/ Number
% Increase
2014 2015
Overhead Line
33 893.2 884.5 -0.97
11 1141.2 1121.1 -1.76
LT 1,794.5 1,795.4 0.05
Underground
Cables
33 911.2 974 6.89
11 2,333.6 2,686 15.10
LT 4,438.4 5,123 15.42
Transformers
33/11 291 318 9.27
11/0.415 8,754 9595 9.60

18 | P a g e
D. MAZOON ELECTRICITY CO (MZEC)
The scope of MZEC includes distribution & supply of power to the consumers of North & South Sharqiya,
Dakhliya and South Bataniah governorates, with 75000 Km2
making it the largest power distribution co of
Oman. More CAPEX of MZEC is spend on 33KV investments, to meet the distribution system security
standards.
INFRASTRUCTURE
Type Voltage Category(KV)
Length/ Number
% Increase
2014 2015
Overhead Line
33 3535 3271 -8.1
11 9082 9256 1.9
0.433 8985 9821 8.5
Underground Cables
33 426 550 22.5
11 1469 2152 31.7
0.433 3461 6368 45.7
Transformers
33/11 391 439 10.9
33/0.433 78 77 -1.3
11/0.433 No Data Available 15982 -
Substations
33/11 216 239 9.6
11/ 0.433 16052 16310 1.6
340923
366878
320000
330000
340000
350000
360000
370000
2014 2015
N O O F C U S T O M E R S
0 20000 40000 60000 80000 100000 120000 140000
Al Dakhliyah
Al Sharqiyah North
Al Sharqiyah South
Al Bataniah
Customers Area Sq km

19 | P a g e
69
4884
130
4726
841
3750
79
3660
1138
2361
70
2337
1691
5315
160
5259
42
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
33/11 KV Ss 11/0.433 KV Ss 33/11 KV Tx 11/0.433 KV Tx 33/0.433 KV Tx
MZEC Infrastructure-2015
Al Dakhliyah Al Sharqiyah North Al Sharqiyah South Al Bataniah

20 | P a g e
KEY BUSINESS DRIVERS
G-Generation
T- Transmission
D-Distribution
*Power demand growth-G
*Sultan Qaboos bin Said Vision 2020 policy-10% of Oman’s Power from renewable energy sources by 2020-G
*Plans for gradual decrease of Electricity Subsidies-G
*Duqm Project & Economic Zone development-G, T, D
*Decommissioning of small power stations, Contract Extensions of Gas Powered IPPs with Capacity additions
& Improved Efficiency and finally feeding the system from the nearest efficient stations-G, T
*Gas Powered IPPs under construction (Sohar IV, Ibri, Salalah-II, Musandam)-G
*Gas Powered IPPs planned to meet the future demand (Salalah-V, Duqm, 800MW IPP Misfah-Muscat)-G
*Replace diesel power generators of RAECO, which are nearing its life period of 20 years with efficient Gas
powered plants-G
*Necessity for diversifying to Renewable Energy Projects- 6 Solar based projects planned, in addition to the 3
solar projects in operation-G
*73 transmission projects planned by OETC from 2016- 2010, in MIS & DPS-T
*400KV project connecting OETC to Ibri IPP, (under construction) including new substations/grid stations-T
*Strong need to develop a National grid (400 KV transmission system), connecting major power plants & all
systems of Oman-T
*More investments of Distribution Cos concentrating in 33KV system upgradation & UG Cabling-D
*Till development of the 400KV system, load transfer & load balance projects would be dynamic in Distribution
Cos-D
*Reduce power loss as specified by AER-D

21 | P a g e
FUTURE PROJECTS
1. POWER GENERATION
1.1. RENEWABLE ENERGY
Renewable Energy Location Subsidiary Contractor Status Project Cost
0.3MW Solar Power Al-Mazyunah RAECO
Bahwan Aston field &
Multitech
In Operation $1Million
0.043MW Solar Power Sohar Head Office MJEC - In Operation -
50MW Wind Farm Harweel, Dhofar RAECO Masdar In Operation by 2017 $200 Million
1GW Solar Park Miraah PDO Glass Point Solar
In Operation by 2017
Steam from solar for EOR
$600 Million
1.6MW Wind Farm Masirah RAECO - Future Project -
2MW Solar Power Ibri, Al Dahriah RAECO - Future Project -
2MW Solar Power Al Sharqiah RAECO - Future Project -
2MW Solar Power Mudhai, Dhofar RAECO - Future Project -
0.5MW Solar Power Fatkhait, Dhofar RAECO - Future Project -
0.5MW Solar Power Harweel, Dhofar RAECO - Future Project -
200MW Solar Power
Adam/ Manah in
Dakhiliyah
MIS
-
Future Project
-
PDO’s 1GW Solar Park, Miraah

22 | P a g e
1.2. NATURAL GAS FIRED
Description
Source of
Power
Subsidiary Contractor Status Project Cost
Musandam-120MW Natural Gas RAECO Oman Oil Co & LG-S. Korea In Operation by 2017 -
Mazyunah IPP
200 MW
Natural Gas RAECO -
In Operation by 2016-17
-
Masirah-56 MW Natural Gas RAECO -
Thurmait IPP Natural Gas RAECO -
Khasab-80 MW Natural Gas RAECO -
Salalah 2-445 MW Natural Gas DPS ACWA & Mitsui In Operation by 2018 -
2 IPPs in Ibri & Sohar-4-3200 MW Natural Gas MIS SEPCO III In Operation by 2019 $2300 million
Misfah IPP- 800MW (Muscat)
Natural Gas MIS -
Operation Targeted in
2021
Tender Issued
in 2016
80MW New IPP in Duqm Natural Gas RAECO
Operation Targeted in
2018
-
New IPP targeted to meet power
requirements after 2024
Natural Gas MIS -
Procurement activities to
begin in 2019
-
Capacity additions of existing
IPPs, on contract expiry
Natural Gas
MIS, DPS,
RAECO
Power Cos
Al Kamil in 2017
Barka I in 2018
-
2. POWER TRANSMISSION
Description Subsidiary Status Project Cost
73 projects planned for 2016-2020 OETC -
400KV connection with Ibri IPP OETC Under Construction -
132KV Haima Project (Connecting PDO line to Haima) RAECO Under Construction 6353990 OMR
220/ 132 KV Grid stations to be increased from 12 to 17
in 2016-2020
OETC -
132/33 KV Grid stations to be increased from 52 to 69 in
2016-2020
OETC -
400KV System (Oman-UAE Network) OETC Planned for 2018 -
400KV System RAECO & MIS (Duqm-PDO-Dhofar-MIS) RAECO &OETC Future Project
400KV Backbone system connecting all power stations &
Power systems of Oman and to the GCCIA Grid
OETC Future Project
3. POWER DISTRIBUTION
Description Subsidiary
Underground Cabling Extension All DCs
Load Transfer & Load Balance (Load in heavily loaded stations are balanced with less loaded
stations)
All DCs
LV & 11KV Extensions All DCs
33KV Extensions All DCs
New Substation Construction All DCs
Substation Upgradation All DCs
SCADA System upgradation MEDC

23 | P a g e
TOP PROJECTS BASED ON SECTOR ANALYSIS
Facts & Assumptions Considered
Projects for which procurement activities might happen in 2017 is solely considered in this analysis.
Description Nos Facts & Assumptions
Solar Projects 6 Refer Future Project list
Natural Gas Power Stations 5 Ibri, Misfah, Sohar-4, Musandam, Salalah-2, Duqm
New Grid Stations 8
22 Grid stations to be added in 2016-2020, as stated by OETC.
At an average of 4 per year (Under Cons-4 Nos & 2017-4 Nos).
Grid Station Upgradation 8 Based on OETC Projects planned for 2017
OHL 12 Includes Ibri’s 400KV, RAECO’s Haima Project
Load Transfer 30
3 load transfer projects, executed in 2015, in MEDC. We assume it to be 4 Nos
in 2016 & 6 in 2017 (50% growth considered due to the load growth in Muscat
Area)
6 X 5 DCs - 30 Nos
6
5
8
8
12
30
28
25
29
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Solar Projects
Natural Gas Power Stations
Grid Stations
Grid Station Upgradation
OHL
Load Transfer
New Substation Construction
Substation Upgradation
Feeder Construction

24 | P a g e
New Substation Construction 28
In 2016, in MEDC 4 Nos of New substation projects were executed.
We assume 4 Nos in 2017 too (considering the infrastructure stability achieved
by MEDC)
In 2016, in MZEC it was 14 Nos & for 2017, we assume it to be 8 Nos (Due to
the large geographical coverage of MZEC).
In 2016, in RAECO it was 4 Nos & for 2017 assumed to be 6 Nos (Backed by
Duqm project & New IPPs).
Another 5 Nos each considered for MJEC & DPC.
Collectively 28 Nos (4+8+6+10)
Substation Upgradation 25
In 2016, in MEDC- 2 Nos & in 2017 assumed to be 5 Nos
In 2016, in MZEC-9 Nos & in 2017 assumed to be 10 Nos
In 2016, in RAECO-1 No & for 2017 assumed to be 4 Nos (backed by Duqm
project & New IPPs).
Another 3 Nos each considered for MJEC & DPC.
Collectively 25 Nos (4+6+5+10)
Feeder Construction 29
In 2016, in MZEC-24 Nos & in 2017 assumed to be 10 Nos.
In 2016, in RAECO-4 Nos & for 2017 too its assumed to be 4 Nos.
5 Nos each is assumed for MJEC, DPC & MEDC.
Collectively 29 Nos (10+4+15)
Note
a) Solar Project is nominated, supported by the strong strategy, laid by AER in Renewable Energy sector.
b) Feeder construction was not considered as its prominence was noted only in MZEC.
c) Natural Gas Power Plant projects were not considered due to
1. Presence of Industry dominant competitors
2. Prequalification requirements

25 | P a g e
TENDER ANALYSIS
OETC-FIRM TENDERS 2017
Sl. No Description Main Equipment Involved
Under Construction Projects, Expected to be completed in 2017
1 Muladah 132/ 33KV Grid Station
1. 2X125 MVA Transformers
2. 132KV GIS- 2 Nos
3. 33 KV Interlink- 4 Nos
2 Liwa 132/ 33KV Grid Station
2. 132KV GIS- 2 Nos
3 Construction of New 400 KV OHL from Qalat Al Awamer to Misfah 100 Kms of OHL
4 33KV bus bars linking Bousher & Mawalleh South Grid Stations 33KV Bus bars- 8 Nos
5 Saadah 132/33kV Grid Station
2. 132KV GIS- 10 Nos
4. 13 Kms LILO for 132 KV UGC
6 Daghmar 132/11KV Grid Station
1. 132KV GIS- 9 Nos
2. 4 Kms of OHL
7 Salalah Free Zone Grid Station
8 132KV linking of Al Falaj, Muttrah and Wadi Kabir Grid stations
3. 1.5 Kms of OHL
4. 2 Kms of UGC
Tenders for 2017
9 Adding 400KV Reactors
3. 2X30 MV Ar Reactors
10 Dil Abdusalam 132/33KV Grid station
1. 2 x 125 MVA Transformers
2. 132 KV GIS-8 Nos
3. 2 X 8 Kms LILO of 132KV OHL
11 Addition of 3rd & 4th Transformers 132/33kV at Khadhra Grid station
2. 4 Nos of 33KV Interlink
12 Addition of 3rd & 4th Transformers 132/33kV at Madinat Barka Grid station
2. 4 Nos of 33KV Interlink
13 Madinat Shinas 132/33kV Grid station
2. 24.06 Kms 132kV OHL
3. 132kV GIS-8 Nos
14 Suwaiq 132/33kV Grid station
2. 132 KV GIS-8 Nos
3. 2 X 0.2 Kms LILO of 132KV OHL
15 Sinaw 132/33kV Grid station
2. 132 KV GIS-8 Nos
3. 2 X 15 Kms LILO of 132KV OHL
16 Upgradation of Mawalleh North Grid Station Transformers 2 x 125 MVA Transformers
17 Jebreen 132/33kV Grid station
2. 132 KV GIS-8 Nos
3. 2 X 0.5 Kms LILO of 132KV OHL
18 Ibri 400KV Grid Station- Under Construction
2. 400kV GIS-19 Nos
3. 220kV GIS-10 Nos
4. 2x4.3 Kms LILO of 220kV OHL
19 Addition of Transformers in Barka-III Grid Station
2. 220 KV GIS-2 Nos

26 | P a g e
20 132KV OHL Sohar to Shinas 1. 132 KV GIS-4 Nos
2. 132KV OHL-20 Kms
21 Upgradation of Adam Grid Station Transformers
2. 132 KV GIS-6 Nos
22 SIA Grid Station
3. 132 KV GIS-1 No
4. 220 KV GIS-2 Nos
5. 1 X 500MVA Transformer
6. 3.2 Under Ground Cabling
MUSCAT ELECTRICITY DISTRIBUTION CO
For MEDC, Tenders in 2018 will be more clustered on
1. New Substation construction
2. Substation Upgradation
3. Load Transfers & Load Balances
4. Supply of Switch gear
5. Supply of Transformers
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
Transformers GIS LILO 33KV Interlinks OHL
REQUIREMENTS-2017
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Consultancy- New Substation
Consultancy- Substation Upgradation
Consultancy- Electricity Network in Diff Zones
Substation Upgradation Construction
Eletrical Distribution Extension
Emergency & Maintenance Services
Switch Gear Supply
Transformer Supply
Load Shifting
MEDC TENDERS
2015 2016

27 | P a g e
MAZOON ELECTRICITY DISTRIBUTION CO (MZEC)
For MZEC, Tenders in 2018 will be more related to
1. Feeder construction
2. New Substation construction
3. Substation upgradation
4. Electricity Distribution Extension (LV & 11KV)
6. Supply of Capacitor bank
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Consultancy
Substation Upgradation Construction
Feeder Construction
Eletrical Distribution Extension
Reinforcement works of 33KV, 11KV
Interlinking of 33KV
DC System
Transformer Supply
Capacitor Bank Supply
MZEC TENDERS
2015 2016

28 | P a g e
RURAL AREAS ELECTRIFICATION CO (RAECO)
For RAECO, Tenders in 2018 will be more on
1. Electricity Distribution Extension
2. Overhead line construction
3. Substation construction
4. Power Source Rental
5. Feeder construction
TOP PROJECTS BASED ON TENDER ANALYSIS OF 4 COMPANIES
1. Substation construction
3. Load Transfers & Load Balances
4. Projects with GIS scope(OETC)
4
1
7
9
11
6
4
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Ss Construction
Ss Upgradation
Transformer
OHL
Electricity Distribution
Power Source Rental
Feeder Construction
TENDERS
2016 2015

29 | P a g e
FINALIZED PROJECTS (BASED ON TENDER & SECTOR ANALYSIS)
1. SOLAR POWERED PROJECTS
2. SUBSTATION CONSTRUCTION
3. SUBSTATION UPGRADATION
4. LOAD TRANSFERS & LOAD BALANCES
5. GAS INSULATED SWITCH GEAR SUPPLY
6. DESIGN & DETAILED ENGINEERING SERVICES

30 | P a g e
SOLAR POWERED PROJECTS
HOUSEHOLD SOLAR
With AER announcing in April 2016, about initiations
to pave way for house owners to install solar panels
on rooftops and to channel the surplus electricity
back the national grid, the solar panel wave seems
to be gathering momentum in Oman too.
PAEW studies highlights that solar panels if installed
on roof tops in Oman, could offer 1.4GW of Power &
the Muscat Governorate alone could generate
450MW, equivalent to a mid-sized gas based power
plant.
In Oman, Average Irradiation Resource (Annual
Global Irradiation on a Horizontal Plane) was 2240
kWh/m² & the Average PV System Yield was around
1750 kWh/kWp, which could lead to 2.4 TWh of
annual electricity production from PV systems if the
potential would be fully exploited.
Area-Oman Power Generated
1 Sqm 200 Watts
6 Sqm 1kW
One Year (6 Sqm) 1750 kWh
Muscat 450 MW
Oman 1.4 GW
Oman-Yearly 2.4 TW

31 | P a g e
The solar system would reduce the household
electricity consumption by up to 50 per cent &
simultaneously users would get paid for any surplus
energy put back into the main electricity grid. On an
average, most homes would need around 10 solar
panels and would cost about RO2000 to have the
equipment fitted. The latest black solar cell is
capable of higher output, higher temperature
tolerances (up to 65 DegC) & reduced susceptibility
to dust.
The optimum tilt angle for PV modules in Oman is
around 25°, which better utilizes sunlight & avoids
excessive mutual shading losses of modules. The PV
modules were recommended to be installed in tilted
rows, to achieve up to 66% of the usable roof area.
Advantages of Household Solar Project
1. Renewable Source of Energy which is non-
depleting.
2. Reduced Electricity bills & gets paid for the
energy put into the grid.
3. Low Maintenance Costs- Most solar panels
come with 20-25 Years warranty. Inverter is the
lone part that needs to be changed after 5-10
Years.
Dis Advantages of Household Solar Project
1. Initial Cost for purchasing solar system
(involving solar panels, inverter, wiring and
installation) is high.
2. High Subsidy requirements.
3. Solar Energy is weather dependent. The
efficiency of solar system drops on a cloudy or
rainy day.
4. Space usage of solar panels, on roof
5. Storing Solar Energy is Expensive. Energy
could be stored in batteries, but is very
expensive. Smarter mode is use solar power
during day & utilize energy from grid during
night.
53%
13%
11%
4%
0%
1%
2%
5%
5%
5% 1%0%
HOUSEHOLD SOLAR SYSTEM EXPENSES
Module
Inverter
Mounting Structure
Cabling
Measuring Equipment & Monitoring
Civil Works
Installation
Grid Connection
Project Development
Finance Cost
Reserve
Insurance

32 | P a g e
With initial cost competitiveness- the most decisive factor, business opportunities in House Hold Solar sub sector
would be
A. Supply of Solar Panel
B. Supply/ Manufacture of Solar Inverter
C. Supply/ Fabrication of Solar Mounting Structure
D. Supply of Cables
E. Measuring Meters & Monitoring Equipments

33 | P a g e
GRID SOLAR
With consistent sky clearness (about 342 days/year)
& extensive solar radiation up to 7,900 GW of solar
energy a day, Oman has some of the best conditions
for solar energy in the world. Upon corroborating
Oman’s potential resource, for large capacity solar
energy projects, a detailed study of PAEW identified
23 locations for building solar power plants in Oman.
& shortlists best four locations- Adam, Manah, Ibri &
AL-Khaboura, for future solar power plants with
capacity up to 200 MW.
The factors considered for the Solar Energy detailed study were
a) Possibility to integrate with Conventional Thermal Generation
b) Operating Experiences
c) Maturity of the system
d) Technical & Financial Factors
1. Parabolic Trough- The most proven solar technology, backed by its 20 Plus Years of operating experience, its
capability for co-firing/ thermal energy storage system and its Commercial availability.
2. Photovoltaic- The subsequent feasible system, backed by its operating experience, Modularity, Ease of
installation, Cost effective and its Commercial availability.
3. Power Tower- Capable for co-firing / thermal energy storage system but its limited operating experience
and reliability data, is a downside.
The ranking advised by Consultant (Worley Parsons) on the solar technologies, based on technological maturity of
commercial scale plants is as follows
a) Flat Plate Photovoltaic
b) Parabolic Trough
c) Direct Steam Central Tower Receiver
d) Linear Fresnel Reflector
e) Molten Salt Central Tower Receiver
f) Concentrated Photovoltaic
For Parabolic Trough, a single plant of 80 to 100 MW was recommended with the Installation of Gas Co-Fired
systems to deal intermittency during cloud coverage & evening peak load. For Photovoltaic, two plants around
50MW must be considered, due to its limited design capacity of 50 MW.

34 | P a g e
PARABOLIC TROUGH SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY
1. It utilizes parabolic curved, trough shaped glass mirror reflectors, with single axis tracking system to
concentrate solar radiation onto a Vacuum Receiver Pipe (Heat Collection Element-HCE) located in the
focal line of the parabolic surface.
2. The Parabolic Trough Collector consists of Mirrors, HCE, Actuator Drive, Support structure, and ancillary
components. The HCEs are vacuum-insulated glass tubes with a black-coated stainless steel pipe in the
center to carry the Heat Transfer Fluid-HTF.
3. The HTF is heated to 390°C by absorbing thermal energy as it passes through the HCEs in the trough
circuit. The heated HTF is pumped through a series of HTF-to-Steam Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchangers
ultimately producing approximately 390°C superheated steam, which drives a conventional steam turbine
to generate electricity.
4. The rotating axis of the trough system is arranged in a north-south direction with a motorized tracking
device, which rotates the trough to face the sun throughout the day as it moves from East to West.

35 | P a g e
PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY
Flat Plate PV Array Design
Flat-Plate PV Modules fixed on a non-tracking or
single axis tracking mode, following the sun is the
basis behind any PV System. The individual PV Cells
rated to produce 1 or 2 Watts of power is connected
to form a larger unit called Modules, connected to
form larger units called Arrays, is interconnected to
produce more power. Fixed Mounting Structures
that do not track the sun, with thin film modules
dominates the PV installations because of its
simplicity, less maintenance and low cost. With
diffuse collection capability, Flat Plate PV systems
can operate effectively even when solar insolation is
as low as 400 W/m2, even under conditions of light
cloud cover.
The areas of possible business opportunities in Grid Solar Power system are
a) Supply of Solar Panels
b) Supply of Solar Grid Inverters
c) Supply/ Fabrication of Solar Mounting Structure
d) Supply of String Monitoring System
e) Supply of Cables
f) Measuring Meters & Monitoring Equipments
g) Panel Cleaning Solution
Cell Type Mono-Crystalline
Silicon
Poly-Crystalline
Silicon
Thin Film
Modules
Cost Expensive Less Expensive Least Expensive
Efficiency 15% 13% 6%
Life 30-40 Years 30-40 Years 25 Years
As a major initiative, to raise the contribution of renewable energy in total power generated, on May 2015
RAECO commenced its first commercial solar power generation in Oman, in Al Mazyunah, Dhofar in South
Oman. The 307-KW solar plant spread over 8000 sq. m was jointly executed by US based Astonfied & local firm
Multitech, with a capital expenditure of $1 million. The project utilizes Crystalline- Silicon & Thin film PV
technologies, which provides decent cost advantage. One main challenge of the project is settling of dusts,
which reduces efficiency & consequently, the precious water used for its cleaning.
RAECO has plans to expand its solar project to further seven sites & in Adam & Manah, MIS targets to begin
operations of the 200MW solar plant by 2019.

36 | P a g e
GRID STATION / SUBSTATION
CONSTRUCTION & UPGRADATION
Since, within the scope of this report its not technically feasible to comment on the Cost & Technology of each
Products, the Products are solely compared based on the No of Suppliers approved with DCRP (Updated Product
Active List of DCRP-February 2016) & OETC Product Approved List-Version-2-2015. This approach in analysis helps
to identify products with less market competition but concurrently carries the risk of the product being less
prospective.
With respect to Substation Construction & Upgradation, the below highlighted products could be business donors.
Sl
No
Product Description No of Suppliers
(DRCP)
No of Suppliers
(OETC)
1 Transformer 10 20
2 Capacitor Bank 2 -
3 Battery - 3
4 Battery Charger - 7
5 Distribution Board 6
6 AC & DC Power Supply System - 1
7 Lightning Arrestor 2 -
8 UG Cables-XLPE-33KV/11KV 4 -
9 UG Cables-XLPE-LV 8 -
10 Cable Cleat 1 1
11 Switch Gear 8 10
12 Relays 7 8
13 Ring Main Unit 3 -
14 Auto Recloser 5 -
15 Insulator 6 3
16 Air Break Switches 2 -
17 Drop Out Fuses with arching horns 2 -
18 Earth Rod & Accessories 1 -

37 | P a g e
19 Electrical Conduit 1 -
20 Bi Metallic Lug 1 -
21 Distribution Feeder Pillar 6 -
22 Surge Arrester - 7
23 400A Cutout Box with J Type Fuse 2 -
24
Plugin Termination Inner cone & Outer
cone for GIS
1 2
25 400KV/ 220KV/ 132KV High Voltage Cable 9 2
26 SCADA & Telecommunication - 6
27 Control & Relay Panel 5
28 Isolator - 3
Note-Detailed analysis of Load Transfer, Load balancing, Substation Upgradation & Construction is assumed to be
outside the scope of this analysis.
ENGINEERING
The DRCP approved Engg consultants execute basic design of the project & upon approval of design by the End
Client, the detailed engineering scope is offered to EPC contractor, who executes it wholly or partially in-house and
licenses the Fabricator/ Manufacturer to execute the remaining engineering involved.
With stringent guidelines laid by DRCP to directly execute Engineering activities, alternatively engineering business
can originate from Approved Engineering Consultants/ EPC Contractors/ Fabricators.
The scope capable for Design & Detailed engineering includes
a) Design/ Detailed Engineering of Transmission Line Towers & its foundations.
b) Design/ Detailed Engineering of Grid station structures- Gantry, Equipment foundations etc.
c) Design/ Detailed Engineering of Substation Buildings, Equipment foundations etc.
END CLIENT
EPC CONTRACTOR
APPROVED ENGG
CONSULTANT
FABRICATOR/
MANUFACTURER

38 | P a g e
SUMMARY
The Objective of the analysis was to understand the present structure of Oman’s power sector, to
examine the key causes of the drastic power demand in Oman & the plans laid by Sultanate to meet the
rising power demand.
The study also covered activities of major companies in the sector, their current power resources &
future strategized power sources, primarily to identify the key business drivers of the sector.
The probable dominating projects were shortlisted in two approaches (Sector & Tender Analysis) & cross
verified to meet the future business interest of RAAS Technical Services in the sector.
With more efficient gas based power plants in operation & more lined up to meet the future demand,
undoubtedly Gas fired IPPs is the biggest power source in Oman. The IPP Model introduced by Oman
back in 90s, is the biggest factor attracting global, major players in Oman. But stringent prequalification
existing for supplying in this subsector and the existing vendor base of the technology providers makes it
less lucrative for immediate prospects. But undoubtedly Gas powered projects covers the huge portion
of power demand & will continue to be, the subsector needs to be harnessed with a technically superior
product or service in the future years.
This analysis undoubtedly highlights the strong strategic moves being implemented & planned by
sultanate in the renewable energy sector. With numerous studies & pilot projects executed in the solar
arena, coupled by regulatory authority’s positive decisive steps, undoubtedly- Solar will be a crucial
business sponsor in the power sector, in the years to come.
Competitors like Aston field, Oman Solar supplies etc. already have their strong foot print in Oman’s
solar business & this analysis strongly recommends an immediate necessity for RAAS, to be equipped for
the Solar Race.
The 400 KV plans of OETC, Duqm project demands and RAECO’s drive towards achieving the connectivity
with main grid will all contribute towards high numbered transmission grid based projects. Both the
Solar prospects & Grid development, indicate RAECO as one of the most prospective Client.
WAY FORWARD
1. Upon Approval of Final Draft of the analysis report, suppliers for the products shortlisted, shall
be identified.
2. Initiate DRCP approval process of the product
3. Initiate business development activities for the products, with 186 DRCP Approved
Contractors.

39 | P a g e
GLOSSARY
 AER- Authority for Electricity Regulation
 BP- British Petroleum
 DPC- Dhofar Power Co
 DPS- Dhofar Power System
 DC- Double Circuit
 DCs- Power Distribution Companies
 DCRP-Distribution Code Review Panel
 EPC- Engineering Procurement & Construction
 GIS- Gas Insulated Switch Gear
 GIS- Geographic Information Systems
 GWH- Gigawatt Hour of Electricity Units (MWH*1000)
 GCCIA-Grid linking the electricity supply systems of Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Qatar, UAE and Oman.
 IPP- Independent Power Plant
 IWPP-Independent Water & Power Project
 KV-Kilo Volt (1000 Volts)
 kWh-Kilo watt hour
 LILO- Line In Line Out
 LV-Low Voltage
 MEDC- Muscat Electricity Distribution Co
 MJEC- Majan Electricity co
 MZEC- Mazoon Electricity Co
 MIS- Main Integrated System
 MW- Megawatt Hour of Electricity Units (KWH*1000)
 MVA- Mega Volt Ampere
 NAMA- Owned by the Electricity Holding Company by 99.99% and Ministry of Finance, Oman by 0.01%.
 NPS- New Power Station/ RAYSUT
 OPWP- Oman Power & Water Procurement Co
 OETC- Oman Electricity Transmission Co
 OHL- Over Head Line
 PDO- Petroleum Development of Oman
 PV- Photovoltaic
 PAEW- Public Authority for Electricity & Water
 RAECO- Rural Areas Electricity Co
 RO- Omani Riyal
 Sm3
– Standard Cubic Meter Gas
 Ss- Substation
 Sq. m- Square Meter
 SCADA-Supervisory Control and Data acquisition
 Tx-Transformer
 TWh- Tera Watts Hour
 UGC-Underground Cable
 UAE-United Arab Emirates
 XLPE- Cross Linked Polyethylene

40 | P a g e
REFERENCES
 Annual Report_2015 Mazoon Electricity Co
 7 Year Statement (2016-2022) Oman Power & Water Procurement Co
 Annual Report_2015 RAECO
 Sustainability Report_2015 NAMA
 OETC Capability Statement_2016
 OPWP 7 Year Statement- 2016- 2022
 Annual Report_MEDC-2015
 Annual Report_PAEW-2015
 Annual Report_Majan-2014
 Report by Fraunhofer Institute for Systems and Innovation Research ISI, Germany -Advisory
Services on Renewable Energy Promotion in Oman_2014
 Report by Worley Parsons & Energy- Solar Power Projects Review_2010
 APICORP’S Energy Research- September 2016
 GCC Power Market-2016 by Ventures Onsite for Middle East Electricity
 Ministry of Electricity & Water-OES-24_33/11KV Indoor Substation-1991
 AER-Standard OES-36- Indooor Distribution Substations

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