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Table of Content
1. Problem Description of Project --------------------------------------------------- 3
2. Study of Ad Hoc and its Implementation --------------------------------------- 4
3. Introduction ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6
4. Implementation ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7
4.1 Installation Of Ad hoc Wireless Network -------------------------- 7
4.2 Configuration Of Ad Hoc Network --------------------------------- 12
4.2.1 Connectivity ------------------------------------------------ 12
4.2.3 File Sharing ----------------------------------------------- 13
4.2.5 Printer Sharing ------------------------------------------- 13
4.2.4 Network Sharing (Internet Share) ------------------- 14
4.2.6 Create User (With Rights) ----------------------------- 14
4.2.7 Create Group (With Rights) --------------------------- 15
5. Conclusion ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 15
6. References ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 16

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First and foremost, I Thank the Almighty God for sustaining
the enthusiasm with which I plunged into this endeavor.
I avail this Opportunity to express my profound sense of
sincere and deep gratitude to many people who are
responsible for the knowledge and experience I have gained
during the Project Work.
“I have searched for the definition of success, in the context of
leading a successful life. It turns out that there are as many
definitions as there are seekers and that success lies as much in
the attempt as in the achievement.” - Robert Frost
We are heartily thankful to our ERP Communicating
Infrastructure teacher, Sir MAQSOOD RAZI, whose
encouragement, guidance and support from Initial to the final
level enabled us to develop this Report of ERP Communicating
Infrastructure. With his dedicated lectures we were able to
practically
Understand and apply what we have learned in the classes.
Also it’s a pleasure to mention the name of our very active
group member Mr. Ahsan Ilyas who did his best to make us
understand this project efficiently as he has extra skills for
making this network (ad hoc network).

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Problem Description of Project
Connect three Systems or Laptops and Perform Some Network Administration
Activities Like:
1. Network Printer Sharing
2. File Sharing
3. Internet Sharing
4. User Creation (Assigning their Rights)
5. Group Creation(Assigning their Rights)
Types of Network
1. Peer 2 Peer Network (Wired And Wireless)
2. Server Based Network
3. AD Hoc Wireless Network ( Our Project)
Study About Ad Hoc Network and Its Implementation
ABSTRACT: This paper focus on the study of Ad Hoc network its protocols and different
types of networks in detail, as we know this is an emerging field which places lot of
contribution in networking. The concept of dynamic mobility is also introduced in Ad Hoc
network because nodes are moving from one place to another place, within this network any
node can join the network and can leave the network at any time. Nodes can be the form of
systems or devices i.e. mobile phone, laptop, personal digital assistance, MP3 player and
personal computer that are participating in the network and are mobile. At same time these
nodes can act as host/router or both. The WiFi IEEE 802.11 and WiMAX IEEE 802.16
wireless standard supports different data rates at the first physical layer. Security and
immediate reply of different types of nodes (end to end nodes, intermediate nodes and
wireless antenna) is the main concern in AD HOC networks. [1]
A wireless ad-hoc network is a decentralized type of wireless network. The network is ad
hoc because it does not rely on a preexisting infrastructure, such as routers in wired
networks or access points in managed (infrastructure) wireless networks. Instead, each node
participates in routing by forwarding data for other nodes, and so the determination of which
nodes forward data is made dynamically based on the network connectivity. In addition to
the classic routing, ad hoc networks can use flooding for forwarding the data. An ad hoc
network typically refers to any set of networks where all devices have equal status on a
network and are free to associate with any other ad hoc network devices in link range. Very
often, ad hoc network refers to a mode of operation of IEEE 802.11 wireless networks.
Ad Hoc NETWORK ROUTING PROTOCOL is a convention, or standard, that controls how
nodes decide which way to route packets between computing devices in a mobile ad hoc
network. In ad-hoc networks, nodes are not familiar with the topology of their networks.
Instead, they have to discover it.
Classification of Ad Hoc Network:
 A wireless mesh network (WMN) is a communications network made up of radio
nodes organized in a mesh topology. Wireless mesh networks often consist of mesh
clients, mesh routers and gateways. The mesh clients are often laptops, cell phones
and other wireless devices while the mesh routers forward traffic to and from the
gateways which may but need not connect to the Internet. The coverage area of the
radio nodes working as a single network is sometimes called a mesh cloud. Access
to this mesh cloud is dependent on the radio nodes working in harmony with each
other to create a radio network. Wireless mesh networks can be implemented with

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various wireless technology including 802.11, 802.15, 802.16, cellular technologies
or combinations of more than one type. Applications of Wireless Mesh Network
Mesh networks may involve either fixed or mobile devices. The solutions are as
diverse as communication needs, for example in difficult environments such as
emergency situations, tunnels, oil rigs, battlefield surveillance, high speed mobile
video applications on board public transport or real time racing car telemetry. Some
current applications:
 U.S. military forces are now using wireless mesh networking to connect their
computers, mainly ruggedized laptops, in field operations.
 Electric meters now being deployed on residences transfer their readings from one to
another and eventually to the central office for billing without the need for human
meter readers or the need to connect the meters with cables.
 The laptops in the One Laptop per Child program use wireless mesh networking to
enable students to exchange files and get on the Internet even though they lack
wired or cell phone or other physical connections in their area.
 The 66-satellite Iridium constellation operates as a mesh network, with wireless links
between adjacent satellites. Calls between two satellite phones are routed through
the mesh, from one satellite to another across the constellation, without having to go
through an earth station.
 A wireless sensor network (WSN) consists of spatially distributed autonomous
sensors to monitor physical or environmental conditions, such as temperature,
sound, vibration, pressure, humidity, motion or pollutants and to cooperatively pass
their data through the network to a main location. The more modern networks are bi-
directional, also enabling control of sensor activity. The development of wireless
sensor networks was motivated by military applications such as battlefield
surveillance; today such networks are used in many industrial and consumer
applications, such as industrial process monitoring and control, machine health
monitoring, and so on.
Application of Wireless Sensor Network Area monitoring is a common application
of WSNs. In area monitoring, the WSN is deployed over a region where some
phenomenon is to be monitored. A military example is the use of sensors to detect
enemy intrusion; a civilian example is the geo-fencing of gas or oil pipelines.
 A mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) is a self-configuring infrastructure less network
of mobile devices connected by wireless links. Ad-hoc is Latin and means "for this
purpose". Each device in a MANET is free to move independently in any direction,
and will therefore change its links to other devices frequently. Each must forward
traffic unrelated to its own use, and therefore be a router. The primary challenge in
building a MANET is equipping each device to continuously maintain the information
required to properly route traffic. Such networks may operate by themselves or may
be connected to the larger Internet. The growth of laptops and 802.11/Wi-Fi wireless
networking has made MANETs a popular research topic since the mid 1990s.
Different protocols are then evaluated based on measure such as the packet drop
rate, the overhead introduced by the routing protocol, end-to-end packet delays,
network throughput etc.
Implementation of Ad Hoc Wireless Network via Diagram
This diagram illustrates use of a so-called ad hoc wireless setup in a home network. See
below for a detailed description of this layout.

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Key Considerations - Using ad hoc Wi-Fi mode eliminates the need for a network router or
access point in a wireless home network. With ad hoc wireless, you can network computers
together as needed without needing to be in reach of one central location. Most people use
ad hoc Wi-Fi only in temporary situations to avoid potential security issues.
Optional Components - Networking an ad hoc layout for Internet access, printers, or game
consoles and other entertainment devices is not required for the rest of the home network to
function. Simply omit any of these components shown that do not exist in your layout.
Limitations:
 All devices connecting via ad hoc wireless must possess a working Wi-Fi network
adapter. These adapters must be configured for "ad hoc" mode instead of the more
typical "infrastructure" mode.
 Because of their more flexible design, ad hoc Wi-Fi networks are also more difficult to
keep secures than those using central wireless routers / access points.
 Ad hoc Wi-Fi networks support a maximum of 11 Mbps bandwidth, while other Wi-Fi
networks may support 54 Mbps or higher.[2]
Introduction
In an ad hoc mode WLAN (wireless local-area network), wireless devices can communicate
directly with each other. If you have a Windows 7 computer (or a Windows Vista computer,
which is very similar), you will use a process similar to the following to create and activate
your ad hoc WLAN network.
1. Click Start and choose Control Panel.
This opens the Control Panel window.
2. Select View Network Status and Tasks.
This opens the Network and Sharing Center window.
3. From the Network and Sharing Center window, select Set up a New Connection or
Network.
The Set up a Connection or Network dialog box appears.
4. From the Set up a Connection or Network dialog box, choose Set up a Wireless
Ad Hoc (Computer-to-Computer)Network and click next; click next again.
The Set up an Ad Hoc Network dialog box appears.

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5. In the Set Up an Ad Hoc Network dialog box, provide the following information:
 Add a network name for your wireless network.
 Indicate the security type as either WEP or No Authentication.
 If you chose WEP, provide the security key for the network and optionally select the
Hide Characters box.
 Select Save This Network to keep this network for longer than one session.
Click Next to continue.
The confirmation dialog is displayed, showing you the information that you need to
provide to other people who will want to connect to your ad hoc network.
Click Close.
After the connection is set up, it initially becomes active and remains so until you
connect to another network. If you did not choose to save the connection, it will be
removed from your wireless configuration at that time and you will need to repeat this
process to reactivate an ad hoc network connection. [3]
4. Implementation of Administrative Activities in Ad Hoc
4.1 Installation of Ad Hoc wireless network
The first and foremost step in this regard is to go to the search box of the start menu and
type “wireless”. Once you have done that you should see a list above and from that
select “Manage Wireless Networks”.

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A new window opens up. In this window navigate to the “Add” button and click on it.
After that click on the option called “Create an ad hoc network”.

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Once finished you should see a window appearing where you will find a message telling you
about Ad Hoc network. In this window click on “Next”.
The window that appears next requires you to give a network name, security type and the
security key. If you wish to use this Ad Hoc network over and over again then check
the “Save Network”option. The security type will depend on what the wireless adapter is
capable of. In general cases it is found that if you’re only using it quickly with different types
of devices it’s easier to have no security. On the other hand if you are keeping it on for full-
time use, you’ll definitely want to use security.

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After completing with the above just wait a while for the network to be created.
You should receive a message that the network has been created successfully and is ready t
o use.

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Your next job is to verify the Ad Hoc network by clicking on the wireless icon on the task bar.
You should see the name of the network and alongside it a message “Waiting for users”.
Now on the client computer when you click on
the wireless connection icon you can see the
name of the network and also an option
“connect”. Click on the option and connect to
the network.
Then on the Host machine you will see that the other computer is connected to your Ad Hoc
network.

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Your Ad Hoc network has been
established and you are capable
of transferring and sharing files.
But if you want to share your
internet connection with other
wireless devices then go to the
host’s wireless adapter icon and
right click on it. Then go to
“properties” and subsequently to
the “Sharing” tab and select
“Allow other network users to
connect through this computer’s
Internet connection“.
Clicking the “Settings” option
you can select the network
services the Client machine can
access.
You’re done. Now you can share
documents and the Internet
connection between machines
and devices. [4]
4.2 Configuration of Ad Hoc wirelessnetwork
4.2.1 Connectivity
In Ad Hoc Wireless Networks
Communication Session Is Achieved
Either Through Single-Hop
Transmission If The Recipient Is Within
The Transmission Range Of The Source
Node, Or By Relaying Through
Intermediate Nodes Otherwise. When A
Transmission Is Made By A Node It Can
Be Received By All Nodes Within Its
Transmission Range. This Feature Is
Extremely Useful For Energy-Efficient
Multicast And Broadcast
Communications. For The Purpose Of

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Energy Conservation, Each Node Can (Possibly Dynamically) Adjust Its Transmitting Power,
Based On The Distance To The Receiving Node And The Background Noise.[5]
4.2.2 File Share
Right Click on the file you want to share. This will bring up the "Share with" menu.
You can choose one of 4 options in this menu.
 You can decide to share it with nobody and make the file private. You can choose to
share it with everyone on your network. You can give them a "Read" only option or a
"Read/Write" option, which gives them the ability to modify it.
 You can also choose "Specific people," which will open a file sharing wizard so you can
choose individuals to share the file with.
 Turn on public sharing folders by selecting the "Control Panel" from the "Start"
menu. Type in "network" and click on the "Network and Sharing Center."
 Click "Change advanced sharing settings" in the left pane and expand the section on
your network.[6]
4.2.3 Printer Sharing
To turn on file and printer sharing
1. Open Advanced sharing settings by clicking the Start button , and then
clicking Control Panel. In the search box, type network, click Network and Sharing
Center, and then, in the left pane, click Change advanced sharing settings.
2. Click the chevron to expand the current network profile.
3. If printer sharing is off, under File and printer sharing, select turn on file and printer
sharing, and then click save changes. If you're prompted for an administrator
password or confirmation, type the password or provide confirmation.
Now you need to share the printer itself.
To share your printer
1. Open Devices and Printers by clicking the Start button , and then, on the Start
menu, clicking Devices and Printers.
2. Right-click the printer you want to share, and then click Printer properties.
3. Click the Sharing tab, and select the Share this printer check box.
Other people on your network can now connect to this printer. All they need to do is add a
network printer (your printer) to their computers.
To add a network printer
1. Open Devices and Printers by clicking the Start button , and then, on the Start
menu, clicking Devices and Printers.

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2. Click Add a printer.
3. Click Add a network, wireless, or Bluetooth printer, click the shared printer,
click next, and follow the instructions on the screen.[7]
4.2.4 Internet Sharing
 Choose Start→Control Panel→Network and Internet. Click the Network
and Sharing Center link.
The Network and Sharing Center opens.
 In the resulting Network and Sharing Center window, click the Manage
Wireless Network's link.
The window that appears lets you "Manage Wireless Networks That Use (Wireless
Network Connect)."
 Click a connection and then click the Adapter Properties link.
The Connection Properties dialog box appears.
 Click the Sharing tab.
This tab doesn't give you a whole lot of options.
 Select the Allow Other Network Users to Connect through This
Computer’s Internet Connection check box.
You might also be able to select the Allow Other Network Users to Control or Disable
the Shared Internet Connection check box (Optional). This setting lets other people
on your network control the shared Internet connection by enabling or disabling it.
 Click OK and then close the Manage Wireless Networks window to save
the shared connection settings.
Before they can start using your shared connection, users on your network need to
configure their TCP/IP settings so that they get an IP connection automatically.[8]
4.2.5 User Creation
 Click the Start button , then click Control Panel
 Under the User Accounts and Family Safety category, click on Add or remove
user accounts
 The Manage Accounts window will open, where all the created accounts are
displayed, click on Create a new account
The Create New Account window will open, here you will need to type a name for the new
user account and select a type for it, either standard or as an administrator.
There are three types of accounts. Each type gives users a different level of control over the
computer:
 Standard accounts are for everyday computing.
 Administrator accounts provide the most control over a computer, and should only be
used when necessary.
 Guest accounts are intended primarily for people who need temporary use of a
computer.
When you are logged on to Windows with a standard account, you can do almost anything
that you can do with an administrator account, but if you want to do something that affects
other users of the computer, such as installing software or changing security
settings, Windows might ask you to provide a password for an administrator account. That's

1.
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why its recommended creating a standard account for each user. This will protect your
computer by preventing users from making changes that affect everyone who uses the
computer, such as deleting files that are required for the computer to work.
 After typing the new user account name and selecting his account type, click on
the Create Account button
 The Manage Accounts window will be opened again, and as you can see now the
new user account is listed along with the other user accounts.
Now you can logoff from the current logged in user and log in using the new user account
created.[9]
4.2.6 Group Creation
1. Open the Control Panel (icons view), and click/tap on the Administrative Tools icon.
2. Close the Control Panel window.
3. In Administrative Tools, click/tap on the Computer Management icon.
4. If prompted by UAC, click/tap on Yes.
5. Close the Administrative Tools window.
6. In the left pane of Computer Management, double click/tap on Local Users and Groups. (See
screenshot below)
7. You can now set and manage the Local Users and Groups settings on your computer to how you
want them. (See screenshot above) [10]
Conclusion
In this paper, we study about Ad Hoc networks, its different protocols, and different
types of network namely WMN, WSN, MANET and various features and advantage
of these networks explained. Further types of MANET networks which explains the
concept if moving nodes in networks also discussed in detail. So the study of this
network will be helpful to understand Ad Hoc networks and its various application
areas. The future scope of this research paper is to concentrates on improving more
accurate and effective communication of these different networks.

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References
1. Vanita Rani PG Student, Dr. Renu Dhir “A Study of Ad-Hoc Network” International
Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering Volume
3, Issue 3, March 2013
2. Bradley Mitchell “Ad Hoc Wireless Network Diagram Common layout for Wi-Fi-based
home networks” http://compnetworking.about.com/od/homenetworking/ig/Home-
Network-Diagrams/Ad-Hoc-Network-Diagram.htm
3. Edward Tetz from Cisco Networking All-in-One for Dummies “Configuring an Ad Hoc
Mode WLAN with Windows 7” http://www.dummies.com/how-to/content/configuring-
an-ad-hoc-mode-wlan-with-windows-7.html
4. Tanmay Ahmed “Create Wireless Ad Hoc Network in Windows 7 to Share
Internet” Published On Jul 16th, 2010 - http://www.oxhow.com/wireless-ad-
hoc-network-windows-7-share-internet/
5. “Power Efficient Range Assignment in Ad-hoc Wireless Networks “E. Althaus
G. C˘alinescu_ I.I. M˘andoiu_ S. Prasad_ N. Tchervenski_ A. Zelikovsky_
6. How to Enable File Sharing http://www.wikihow.com/Enable-File-Sharing
7. http://windows.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/share-printer#1TC=windows-7
8. http://www.dummies.com/how-to/content/how-to-share-an-internet-connection-
in-windows-7.html
9. http://www.elmajdal.net/Win7/Creating_a_New_User_Account_in_Windows_7.a
spx
10. http://www.sevenforums.com/tutorials/7539-local-users-groups-manager-
open.html

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