Computer fundamentals

1. COMPUTER FUNDAMENTALS
UNIT - V
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2. What Is a Computer?
Computer : Latin word Compute which means calculation
A computer is a programmable machine with two principal characteristics:
a. It responds to a specific set of instructions in a well-defined manner.
b. It can execute a prerecorded list of instructions (a program).
A computer system includes a computer, peripheral devices and software
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3. INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTERS
FUNCTIONS
a. Accepts data Input
b. Processes data Processing
c. Produces output Out put
d. Stores results Storage
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4. o Input (Data): is the raw information entered into a computer from the
input devices. It is the collection of letters, numbers, images etc.
o Process: is the operation of data as per given instruction. It is totally
internal process of the computer system.
o Output: is the processed data given by computer after data
processing. Output is also called as Result. We can save these results
in the storage devices for the future use.
o Storage: is the area where data can be left on a permanent basis.
FUNCTIONS
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5. Elements of A Computer
1. People: They run and operate the computer.
2. Procedure: are normally written in manuals of hardware and
software manufacturers.
3. Software: is to do process data into useful information for people.
4. Hardware: the physical equipment that you can feel and touch.
5. Data: include texts and numbers, sounds, images, and videos that
you input into the computer for processing.
6. Connectivity:
- a computer must be connected to other computers especially
through the internet.
- using the internet, people can share and access data from all
over the world.
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6. Capabilities of Computers
1. Speed:
computer operates on data and commands at incredibly
fast speed.
2. Storage:
computer can store enormous amount of data and
information in its memory.
3. Reliability:
computers made of modern technology rarely breakdown
and when they do, they are easily repaired.
4. Consistent:
if you input the same data into the computer using the
same program, it will give you the same result all the time.
5. Communicate:
people can connect with others by the use of computers.
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7. -Software are sets of instructions that tell the computer what
to do to fulfill its task
-Software exists as ideas, concepts, and symbols, but it has
no substance..
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8. Kinds of Software
System Software:
- are programs that the computer uses.
-is a collection of programs which includes the operating system, utilities and
drivers.
Operating System: is a program that is basically responsible for the
coordination, management and sharing of hardware resources and tasks in
the computer.
Utility Software : is a program that performs maintenance tasks for the
computer resources, such as clean up and organizing files and programs so
they would load and work faster.
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9. Kinds of Software
o Device Driver : is a program that allows a particular hardware device
to work and with the computer system.
o Applications Software : are the programs that people use for their
day to day tasks on the computer
o Basic application software : includes word processor, spreadsheet,
database and presentation software.
o Specialized application software : includes software for graphics,
multimedia, audio, video, web designing and many other app. that
focus on a certain discipline or profession.
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10. COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN
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