The document provides information about a server room project being undertaken by group members Shivani, Balateja, Ranadheer, and Iftekhar. It discusses common elements of a server room including hardware, racks, cabling systems, power, UPS, and operations. It also covers server room design essentials such as infrastructure, physical security, fire protection, and environment control. The importance of a server room is highlighted for on-site investment, security, visibility, latency, and bespoke builds. Server racks, types of server racks, and maintenance types are also summarized.

1. ADVANCE SERVICES
SERVER ROOM
GROUP MEMBERS:
SHIVANI 15171AA028
BALA TEJA 15171AA011
RANADHEER ARYA 15171AA0
IFTEKAR 15171AA0

2. INTRODUCTION
• A server room is a room used to store,
power and operate computer servers
and their associated components.
This room is part of a data center,
which typical houses several physical
servers lined up together in different
form factors, such as rack mounted, or
in tower or blade enclosures.
• A server room is a room, usually air-
conditioned, devoted to the
continuous operation of computer
servers. An entire building or station
devoted to this purpose is a data
center.

3. The following are common elements of a
server room.
• Hardware
Primary hardware such as servers and data storage devices.
• Racks
A system for stacking hardware such that space is used efficiently.
• Cabling System
A system and set of conventions for cabling that keeps the
complexity of cables managed. Ideally, this includes a raised floor or
ceiling racks that keep cables out of the way.
• Power
Server rooms typically consume significant power and may be
designed to have redundant power sources such as grid and solar
power.
• UPS
Uninterruptible power supply devices are used to protect
equipment from unstable power such as a surge. They are also
selected to provide enough secondary power to endure a short
power outage or have time to switch power sources.
Operations
Processes and resources for supporting the server room including
physical tasks such as swapping devices.

4. Server Room Design Essentials
• Infrastructure
Foundational services such as network equipment. A server room may be
designed with no single points of failure for critical infrastructure. For example,
multiple connections to the internet from different telecom companies.
• Physical Security
Protecting the assets in a server room with access control, monitoring,
emergency response, training and other internal controls.
• Fire Protection
Fire protection equipment, procedures and structures such as a path for
employees to escape a fire in the server room.
• Environment Control
Control of humidity and air temperature. Computing equipment runs hot and
cooling is a significant consideration in the design of a server room. For
example, cool air can be directed at racks from the floor and warm air
collected from the ceiling.
• Backup
Backup of data and hot or cold sites for disaster recovery that are in a different
physical location, preferably in another city or region.
The following are common elements of a server room.

5. Importance of a server room.
1. On site investment
Investing in a physical on site infrastructure can be hugely beneficial to both small businesses and large corporations.
2. Security
Server rooms bring one significant advantage to enterprises – security. There have been various high profile cases of
security breaches in recent years that have had a disastrous impact on business continuity and brand reputation. If
your data is stored on a local server on site then third parties won’t be able to access it because it will be locked
down.
3. Visibility and accessibility
With on premise servers, you won’t have to worry about where data resides. When data is moved to the public cloud
it can be difficult to know exactly where it is, which has a detrimental impact on the visibility of critical assets. You
won’t be constrained by your internet bandwidth for critical applications either so you can be sure of delivering a
consistent, high quality experience for employees and end users.
4. Latency and always on
It is easier to control latency when you store your private data in a server room, as you will have control of the entire
network end-to-end. This is important if you need low and predictable times to support video data and audio
repositories. A dedicated server room environment will also increase operational efficiency and reduce downtime
significantly. This is especially important as just a few hours offline can cost businesses thousands of pounds in lost
revenue and maintenance costs.
5. Bespoke build
A bespoke server room build is easier than ever before as specialists can design, build and upgrade IT rooms in a live
environment. Selecting the right cooling options, UPS and generators, data cabling and security for your business will

6. SERVER RACK
• A rack server, also called a rack-mounted server, is
a computer dedicated to use as a server and
designed to be installed in a framework called a
rack. The rack contains multiple mounting slots
called bays, each designed to hold a hardware unit
secured in place with screws.
Generally, there are three ways of delivering
connectivity to a rack server:
• Connect to a network core switch every data
port;
• Provide a separate switch per rack or per row
basing on bandwidth demand. This approach is
often called Zone Switching
• Provide patch panels at both the core switch and
the rack and establish cross-connections between
them. (PTS Data Center Solutions.)

7. TYPES OF SERVER RACKS
19-inch rack is a standardized frame or enclosure for mounting
multiple equipment modules Like servers, network devices and
UPS’s. Each module has a front panel that is 19 inches (482.6
mm) wide. There are edges or ears on each side of a rack to allow
hardware to be fastened to the rack frame.
• Network Cabinets are less than 1000 mm deep. They are used
for accommodating small servers, NAS Systems, switches and
cables. Cabinets of this type can be used as an open rack,
meaning with side walls and front and back doors removed.
• Server Cabinets are more than 1000 mm deep. Such cabinets
are usually housing large servers, Raid disk shelves, NAS
Systems and Blade UPS’s. Cabinets of this type can be used also
as an open rack.
• Wall Mount Cabinets are 3RU to 45RU high and 600mm or less
deep. This type is often installed outside the server room and
in some cases can be the only “server space” in the office.
• Under Desk or Desk Top Cabinets are 4RU to 22RU toll and
less that 600mm deep. This type is suitable for the Small Office
and usually installed outside the server room. They can be also
configured as an open rack. (Rack World Systems.)

8. "How to Design a Server Room"
1. Determine the appropriate room size. Physical space needs must be
decided before any further details are incorporated into the server room.
There needs to be enough room for the servers, wires, cables, and other
necessary equipment. Data should be kept away from an exterior wall, if
possible.
2. Set up hardware for storage. For space maximization, utilize cabinets
and shelving to store the physical machinery and other computer inventory
in the server room. Telco racks are popular in many operational spaces, and
a single rack can hold hundreds of 1U high servers and blade servers.
3.Keep the room cool. A proper server room needs to stay cool and dry to
keep all of the equipment from overheating. One option is to install a raised
floor to distribute cooling. Another option is to use in-row cooling units,
which do not require a raised floor and move the compressor to the roof.
You may want a ceiling that is at least 12 to 18 feet (3.7 to 5.5 m) high. Keep
a thermometer in the room to ensure the temperature is moderate. A
dehumidifier may be necessary if the room gets too humid.

9. 4.Make space for cables. A server room should have
enough space under the floor to run electrical cables. Have
an electrician install power whips from 1 central electrical
panel. This cuts down on the electrical services being
routed to each individual fixture.
5.Develop security procedures. The server room should
be restricted to only the people who need to go there to do
work. Keep it locked, or install a handprint or fingerprint
recognition system. A secure server room is essential for
data protection.
6.Allow for monitoring. The server room should be
monitored around the clock. All activity coming over the
network servers should be scanned for abnormalities.
Software exists to allow for notifications to pagers, or cell
phones and emails if the monitoring reveals anything
alarming.
"How to Design a Server Room"

10. Server Room Standard
Objective
• Servers should be located in the ViaWest
data center when feasible because it offers
the optimal mix of physical security and
environmental control; servers placed within
the ViaWest data center are automatically
considered compliant for all data center
security requirements.
• If location of servers in the ViaWest data
center is not feasible, the chosen server room
must comply with the following standard. Any
room containing one or more computers used
to provide services to a group of users via the
network is considered a server room. This
ranges from small server closets to larger
datacenters.

11. Location
Site locations should be chosen to ensure both proper environmental and physical
controls:
• Site locations should be safe from exposure to fire, flood, explosions and
other similar hazards.
• Server rooms should be located in areas where noise will not disturb
classrooms, offices, etc.
Perimeter Security
All server rooms should have solid walls extending from the floor to ceiling.
In areas where raised floors or a drop ceiling are in place, walls should extend below
the raised floor and above the drop ceiling to prevent an individual from entering the
room by climbing under the raised floor or over the wall by accessing the
maintenance space.
Locked racks or a cage may also be used to provide a secure
perimeter layer.
Server Room Standard

12. • Physical access to the server room must be limited to only those individuals who have legitimate
responsibilities justifying such access. Use of card readers and electronic locks to permit access is
recommended over traditional keys; if keys are used, they must be marked “Do Not Duplicate.”
• Procedures must be in place to ensure access is removed when an individual no longer has such need
and access lists of authorized individuals must be reviewed at least quarterly by data center owners.
Procedures must also be in place to address lost or stolen keys or access cards.
Video cameras are recommended to monitor and record individuals entering or working in the space.
When warranted by business needs, a log may be kept, recording the time of entry, time of exit, and
purpose of physical access by visitors and/or authorized personnel.
Visitors must wear an identification badge.
Visitors should be escorted by authorized personnel at all times.
Server Room Standard
Physical Access
Size
• Although 19-inch racks are always the same nominal width, the height and depth vary.
• A commonly used measure of the height of a rack is the so-called rack unit (U), which is defined as
1.75 inches.
• The width and depth of the rack is typically measured in standard units. The most popular standard
data center racks have a width of 19 inches and a height of 42U (73.5 inches high).

14. • The server room must be located in an area that can bear the
weight of all systems, including foreseeable planned growth.
• Room walls, ceiling, and doors should be sound isolated from
other occupied areas.
• When feasible, door frame size should be sufficient to allow
for easy introduction and removal of equipment. For new
construction, doors should be 42 inches wide and 9 feet tall. If
hinges are exterior to the room, doors should use locking hinge
pins.
• The ceiling of the room should be at least 9 feet high.
• The server room should not have exterior windows.
• The arrangement of equipment should provide for adequate
clearance around computing racks; 4 feet at the front and 3
feet at the rear is recommended.
• For new construction, an anti-static floor surface is
recommended. Raised floors with a minimum clearance of 24
inches are recommended for new construction of large server
rooms.
Server Room Standard
Structural Considerations

15. RAISED
FLOORING
RACKS

16. Equipment
• Maximum electrical density of computing equipment in a server room should not exceed 300 watts per square
foot.
• Computer racks should have seismic bracing and proper grounding.
• Computer racks should have adequate clearance per manufacturer specifications (but no less than 48" front and
36" rear clearance); the room itself should have a minimum 9' ceiling.
• The room should have at least one phone.
Alarms and Security
Alarm systems
• Critical alarms related to the functioning of the A/C system and physical environment of the room must be
mapped into the Facilities Management Energy Management System.
• The occupying Department must also provide monitoring and alarming separate from the Facilities Management
system, as needed, in order to be notified of critical environmental events in the server room.
• The room should have water sensor alarms reporting to both Facilities Management and the occupying
Department.
Security
• All entrances to the room should be properly secured and alarmed where appropriate.
Server Room Standard

17. PLAN OF SERVER ROOM SEGTIGATION
Critical alerts
• Fire: 1st detector alert
• Fire: 2nd detector alert (“Gas released into the
room”)
• Water within the room
• Power outage
• UPS in use
• Generator in use
• Power restored
• Critical air-conditioning failure (“Call maintenance”)
• Room temperature high
• Critical UPS failure (“Call maintenance”)
• Generator Emergency Power Off has been
depressed.
Non-critical alerts
• Minor air-conditioning signals e.g. sequential
maintenance needed
• UPS minor fault
• Generator fault.

18. • The server room should have sufficient dedicated circuits for all
equipment, plus one or more additional circuits, as needed for flexibility
in the event a circuit fails.
• All systems must be properly grounded.
• Critical systems should be connected to uninterruptable power
supplies (UPS) and/or generator power, depending on the business
requirements for server uptime.
• Uninterruptable power supplies (UPS) and/or generator power should
be tested at least annually and maintained according to manufacturer
specifications.
• Based on UPS monitoring thresholds, automatic shutdown features
should be configured when feasible to gracefully shutdown and protect
systems prior to power loss.
• Large rooms should have a clearly-labeled emergency power-off
switch.
• Procedures should be posted in the room explaining how to respond in
the event of a power failure.
• Server rooms should have emergency lighting to provide for life safety
in the event of a power outage.
Server Room Standard
Power

19. • Air conditioning. Computer equipment generates heat, and
is sensitive to heat, humidity, and dust, but also the need
for very high resilience and failover requirements.
Maintaining a stable temperature and humidity within tight
tolerances is critical to IT system reliability.
• The server room must have sufficient temperature control
to maintain temperatures within the operational limits
defined for the hardware located in the room.
• The server room should have dedicated, redundant air
conditioning sufficient to maintain temperatures between
65 and 70 degrees Fahrenheit. Fully enclosed racks with
built-in cooling may also be used.
Server Room Standard
Temperature Control and WHY
• Environmental monitoring should be configured to alert administrators in the event of a cooling failure (i.e., a
NetBotz monitoring system that sends text messages; a thermostate with only a local alarm is not sufficient).
• For large rooms, cooling systems and equipment should be installed in a hot aisle / cold aisle configuration to
maximize efficiency.
• Procedures should be posted in the room explaining how to respond in the event of a cooling failure.

20. • The server room must have some form of fire
detection and suppression, adequately
maintained and routinely tested.
• Server rooms must be reasonably free of fire
hazards such as boxes, papers, etc.
• Each server room may have an easily visible
and accessible clean-agent fire extinguisher.
• A standard “ABC” fire extinguisher is not
recommended for use around electronic
equipment.
Server Room Standard
Fire / Flood
• If the server room is located near potential leak hazards (AC condensers, overhead water lines,
sprinklers, kitchens, break rooms, restrooms, etc.) sufficient steps should be taken to protect
systems, such as racks with solid tops, systems elevated off the floor, etc.
• Moisture sensors should be used in areas where leaks are most likely or would be most
problematic.

22. Server Room Maintenance Types
• Condition-based maintenance
Condition-based maintenance (CBM), shortly described, is
maintenance when the need arises. This maintenance is
performed after one or more indicators show that the server
room equipment is going to fail or that equipment performance is
deteriorating.
• Corrective maintenance
Corrective maintenance is a maintenance task performed to
identify, isolate, and rectify a fault in the server room so that the
failed equipment, machine, or system can be restored to an
operational condition within the tolerances or limits established
for in-service operations.
• Planned maintenance
Planned preventive maintenance (PPM), more commonly referred
to as simply planned maintenance (PM) or scheduled
maintenance, is any variety of server room scheduled
maintenance to an object or item of equipment. This is the
maintenance that is regularly performed in the server room
environment to lessen the likelihood of it failing. Preventive
maintenance is performed while the server room equipment is
still working so that it does not break down unexpectedly.

23. • Predictive maintenance
Predictive maintenance (PdM) techniques are designed to help
determine the condition of a server room equipment in order to
predict when maintenance should be performed. This approach
promises cost savings over routine or time-based preventive
maintenance because tasks are performed only when warranted.
• Preventive maintenance
The care and servicing by personnel for the purpose of
maintaining server room equipment in satisfactory operating
condition by providing for systematic inspection, detection, and
correction of incipient failures either before they occur or before
they develop into major defects. Preventive maintenance tends
to follow planned guidelines from time-to-time to prevent the
server room equipment and machinery breakdown.
• Total productive maintenance
Total productive maintenance (TPM) is a system of maintaining
and improving the integrity of production and quality systems
through the machines, equipment, processes, and employees
that add business value to a server room.
Server Room Maintenance Types