An overall explanation of how anesthesia machine works with explaining both medical and engineering sides. It includes a brief timeline of anesthesia development, components of the machine, types of anesthetics, the patient procedure, side effects and lastly market, companies and maintenance.

1. Anesthesia
Machine
Presented by: Shaima Mohammed
Malak Ayman
Buthainah Fuad
Under supervision of:
Dr.Mahmoud Al-Rumaima Mar 2022

2. Agenda
Topics Covered
Medical Introduction:
• Definition of Anesthesia Machine
• Function of Anesthesia
• Timeline of Anesthesia Machine
01
Explanation of the machine
• Components
• Types of Anesthesia Circuit
• Working Principle
• Block Diagram
02
Market and Maintenance
• Known Companies
• Comparison between Models
• Preventative Maintenance
• Troubleshootings
04
Anesthesia procedure
• Procedure
• Side Effects
03

3. What is Anesthesia
Machine?
An anesthesia machine is the apparatus used to
deliver general anesthesia to patients as they
undergo a medical procedure.

4. The term anesthesia machine refers to all of the medical
equipment used to deliver inhalational anesthesia.
Inhalational anesthetics are gases that, when inhaled,
produce a state of general anesthesia, a drug-induced
reversible loss of consciousness during which the
patient is not arousable, even in response to painful
stimulation.
What is the function
of anesthesia
machine?

5. Anesthesia Timeline
1847
1200s
1846
Theodoric
Of Lucca
opium and
Mandragora fruit
W. T. G.
Morton
diethyl ether
James Y.
Simpson
Chloroform 1863
Gardner
Quincy
Colton
reintroduces
nitrous oxide.

6. Anesthesia Timeline
Dr. A.Frederick
Erdmann
Long Island
Society of
Anesthetists
(LISA)
1907
1956
Dr. Michael
Johnstone
introduces
halothane
1972
Isoflurane
clinically
introduced
Sevoflurane
is clinically
1994

7. Follow the link:
How does anesthesia work? - Steven Zheng - YouTube

8. Anesthesia
machine
components

9. Typical Components:
• pressure gauge
• pressure regulator
• flow meter
• O2 flush valve
• vaporizer
• common gas outlet
• fresh gas inlet
• Y-piece
• Breathing tubes
• CO2 absorber
• reservoir bag
• pop-off valve
• manometer
• scavenging system

10. Components from outside point of view

11. Kinds of
anesthetics
(vaporizers)
• Nitrous oxide(laughing gas)
• Halothane
• Isoflurane
• Sevoflurane
• Desoflurane
• Enflurane

12. Types of anesthesia circuits
The function of any breathing circuit is to deliver oxygen and anesthetic
gases, and eliminate carbon dioxide.
Carbon dioxide may be eliminated by either washout with adequate
fresh gas flow (FGF), or by soda lime absorption.
1.closed (fresh gas
inflow exactly equal to
patient uptake,
complete rebreathing
after carbon dioxide
absorbed,
and APL(adjustable
pressure-limiting)
closed)
2.semi-closed
(some rebreathing
occurs, FGF (fresh
gas flow) and APL
settings at
intermediate
values). Most
commonly used.
3.semi-open (no
rebreathing, high
fresh gas flow
[higher than
minute
ventilation]). No
longer used.

13. Working principle

14. Block Diagram

15. Anesthesia
Procedure

16. Anesthesia
Procedure
Check the anesthesia delivery
system for proper function
Identify the patient and
confirm the surgical site
.
Establish venous access to
administer medications and fluids
Attach physiologic monitors
Have the patient breathe 100%
oxygen through a mask

17. Anesthesia
Procedure
Inject a rapidly acting
sedative–hypnotic medicine
Breathe for the patient
.
Inject a neuromuscular blocking
drug to paralyze the patient’s
muscles
Insert a tube into the patient’s
trachea
Confirm correct placement of
the endotracheal tube

18. Anesthesia
Procedure
Deliver anesthetic agents
Begin mechanical ventilation
.
Adjust ventilation and depth of
anesthesia
Establish spontaneous
ventilization
Remove the endotracheal tube

19. Side
Effects
Of
Anesthesia
Nausea and vomiting.
Dry mouth.
Sore throat or hoarseness.
Chills and shivering
Confusion and fuzzy
thinking
Muscle aches.
Itching.
Bladder problems.

20. Anesthesia Companies in Yemen

21. Comparison between different models of
Dräger
Model Zeus®
Infinity® Empowered
Dräger
Fabius® Plus
Primus®
Power supply 100-240V, 45-60 Hz 100 to 240 VAC, 50/60
Hz, 70 VA
100–240 V~, 45–65 Hz
Battery backup 30 min, typically 90min 45 minutes minimum (up
to 120 minutes)
at least 30 minutes, typical 90
minutes
Dimensions (H x W x
D)
165*110*70cm 35.8 x 55 x 30.3 in (91 x
140 x 77 cm)
137 cm x 80 cm x 80 cm
Weight 185kg 110 kg 115 kg
Fresh-gas flow  0.25 – 18 l/min
(fresh-gas control);
 0 – 18 l/min (auto
control);
 closed system mode
(uptake)
0.0 to 12.0 L/min 0 and 0.2–18 L/min
Ventilator TurboVent2 E-vent® E-Vent® plus

22. Follow Comparison
Model Zeus®
Infinity® Empowered
Dräger
Fabius® Plus
Primus®
Modes of operation Man/Spon (with availability of
CPAP); Volume Control (VC);
VC-Autoflow; Pressure
Control (PC/BIPAP);
Synchronization for VC-
Autoflow and PC; CPAP
Pressure Support; Pause
Volume Controlled
Ventilation
Pressure Controlled
Ventilation (Optional)
Pressure Support (Optional)
SIMV/PS (Optional) Manual
Ventilation Spontaneous
Breathing
Manual, spontaneous, Volume
Mode (IPPV), Pressure Mode (PCV),
Optional: Pressure Support (PS),
Synchronized volume controlled
ventilation (SIMV), optional with PS,
Synchronized pressure controlled
ventilation, optional with PS
Tidal volume 20 – 1,500 ml (volume mode) 20 to 1400 mL in Volume
Control
20 to 1100 mL in SIMV/PS
20–1400 mL
5–1400 mL (option)
Monitoring Touch screen 20" colour 6.5 in (16.5 cm);
black/amber (color mode
option)
Prices 80000-100000$ 30000-35000$ 45000-60000$

23. Preventive
Maintenance

24. Troubleshootings
Low Pressure
A leak in the low-
pressure circuit, and the
most common cause of a
leak is a disconnection or
partial disconnection in
the patient circuit
Flowmeter Problems
The oxygen or gas sensors are
not reading the correct
percentages of gas, either the
sensors are malfunctioning or
there is a problem with the
circuit or flowmeters
Hypoxic Gas Mixture
The oxygen or gas sensors
are not reading the correct
percentages of gas, either
the sensors are
malfunctioning or there is
a problem with the circuit
or flowmeters
The gas supplies cannot
be turned off after the
machine is turned off.
The seal inside the system
switch assembly is damaged.
Leak
• The gas supply tube is
damaged or the seal at the
connection is damaged.
• The quick plug-in connector
leaks.
• The pipeline gas supply inlet
assembly leaks.
• The drive gas pipeline leaks.
The machine cannot
be powered on after
turned on.
The contact switch is
ineffective.

25. Thank
you!
Do you have any question ?
Do not hesitate to ask.

26. Resources Page
• Anesthesia Machines Equipment | Review, Compare, Get Quotes (RFQ) & Prices (news-medical.net)
• https://www.umhs-sk.org/blog/medical-milestones-discovery-anesthesia-timeline
• https://www.healthline.com/health/nasal-cannulas-and-face-masks#1
• https://www.uclahealth.org/anes/types-of-anesthesia
• https://www.healthline.com/health/side-effects-of-general-anesthesia#shortterm-side-effect
• https://www.news-medical.net/Clinical-and-Diagnostics/Anesthesia-Machines
• https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780702049545000024
• https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3821260/
• https://www.frca.co.uk/article.aspx?articleid=100146
• https://www.frca.co.uk/article.aspx?articleid=100141
• https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/17/9/301/3827915
• https://aneskey.com/the-anesthesia-machine/https://
• www.draeger.com/en_me/Products/Zeus-Infinity-Empowered
• https://www.draeger.com/en_seeur/Products/Primus
• https://www.draeger.com/en_seeur/SearchResults?s=Dr%C3%A4ger+Fabius%C2%AE+Plus