1. DEAF EDUCATION
Deaf/Hard of Hearing, LSL Teaching Approach
VEE 150
Molly Headrick, Andee Chesler, Shealyn Junge,
Elana Bogoff
2. Deaf/HH vs. LSL Teaching Practices
DHH:
- May touch on LSL but focuses on
learning as a whole
- Generally includes classes
about Deaf culture and requires
some amount of ASL learning
LSL:
- Focuses on Oralism
- LSL specific training
3. Deaf/HH: Saint Joseph’s University (PA)
6-12 month program
30 credits
Potential Career Paths:
- Speech Pathologists
- Occupational Therapists
- Educators
- SL Interpreters
(Deaf & Hard of Hearing Education Online Certification)
“You must have a
bachelor’s degree and
basic sign language
competency. You must
also have earned at least
initial Standard/Level 1
certification or have
equivalent experience in
working with deaf or hard
of hearing students.”
4. Deaf/HH: Flagler College in Florida
- Focuses:
- Deaf History
- ASL
- Methods of
Instruction
- Requirements for
Entry:
- ASL Proficiency
- Evidence of Access
to a working
environment with
Deaf/HH children
(Traditional track master's program)
5. Deaf/HH: University of Northern Colorado
Special Education MA: Deaf and HH Concentration
Concentration Credits (33 Hours)
● EDSE 510 Foundations of Special Education (3)
● EDSE 511 Content Accessibility for CLD and Students with Identified Needs
(3)
● EDSE 512 Assessment, IEP Development and Instructional Planning (3)
● EDSE 550 Foundation of Deaf Education (3)
● EDSE 651 Collaboration: Deaf/Hard of Hearing (3)
● EDSE 652 Auditory Skill Development: Deaf/Hard of Hearing (3)
● EDSE 653 Speech: Deaf/Hard of Hearing (3)
● EDSE 654 Language: Deaf/Hard of Hearing (3)
● EDSE 655 Literacy: Deaf/Hard of Hearing (3)
● EDSE 656 Curriculum and Instruction: Deaf/Hard of Hearing (3)
● EDSE 657 Practicum: Deaf/Hard of Hearing (3-6)
(Special education: Deaf & hard of hearing (master's) - UNC extended campus 2022)
Pre Required classes/Test
● ASLS 266 Normal Speech
and Language Development
(3)
● ASLS 370 Basic Audiology (4)
● ASL Placement Test
6. Deaf/HH: University of Arizona
● 36 Required Credits
○ Educational Issues: DHH Children
○ Assessment and Intervention for DHH students
○ Audiology Practices in Education
● Online Program
● Eligibility:
○ BA or MA in education or related
○ Experience with special needs and/or D/HH students
(Online Master's in Deaf Education, n.d.)
7. LSL- Utah State University MEd Program
● Focuses
○ LSL Specific Teaching Styles
○ Cochlear Implants
○ Auditory Learning and
Spoken Languages
○ Audiology
(Listening & spoken language)
8. LSL- Washington State University of Medicine in St. Louis
- “The early identification of
hearing loss and advanced
hearing technologies have
increased the national need for
teachers with experience in
listening and spoken language.”
- Quote from website talking
about their Master of
Science in Deaf Education
- No prereq classes to get into
program
- Only requires ASL 1
- Focuses:
- Audiology
- Spoken Language Development
(Master of science in deaf education 2022)
9. CED West Coast: California
K-12
- Masters in Deaf Education
- Successfully finish all DHH credential coursework
- Pass Reading Instruction Competence Assessment (RICA),
Multiple Subject Teaching Credential. Slowly shifting and
changing 2025
- Pass California Teacher Performance Assessment (CalTPA)
- ASL PL Test of 3.0 or higher
https://www.teacherstestprep.com/RICA-
FAQs#:~:text=Is%20the%20RICA%20still%20required,may%20tak
e%20effect%20in%202025.
https://www.yscenterforteaching.org/dhh-deaf-and-hard-of-
hearing-credential-
program.html#:~:text=Candidates%20seeking%20a%20teaching%
20credential,in%20DHH%20is%2055%20units.
10. CED: Midwest: Minnesota
- K-12 License to teach deaf and hard of hearing students
- Minimum level of proficiency in ASL as determined by the board
- Knowledge of topics such as American Sign Language, ASL Linguistics,
and Deaf culture
- Licensure for teaching oral/aural deaf education programs
- Requirements designed in tandem with parents and other educators of
the deaf and hard of hearing
- Reflect best practice research of oral/aural education
- Must include minimum competency of ASL
11. CED: North East: Pennsylvania
Department of Education: PK-12th
● Pennsylvania Hearing Impaired certificate
○ ASHA Standards
● bachelor’s degree and basic sign language
● At least initial Standard/Level 1 certification
● Or experience in working with deaf or hard of hearing students
(CSPG 62 - Hearing Impaired PK-12, 2023)
12. Metro Deaf School, St Minnesota
Public Charter School: CEASD (Conference of Educational Administrators of Schools and Programs for the Deaf) Certified
1. Mission: “Metro Deaf School promotes academic excellence and social wellbeing for Deaf, DeafBlind, and Hard of Hearing students using an
ASL/English bilingual approach. Our primary purpose is to empower our students to develop the skills and knowledge to succeed as global
citizens.”
2. Vision: “Metro Deaf School, is a bilingual charter school, serving birth-12th+ grade in the Twin Cities area and western Wisconsin. Bilingual
education is learning about general information through the use of two languages. They are equally valued, used, taught, and learned. At Metro
Deaf School (MDS), all students are instructed in American Sign Language (ASL) and English is taught through print. MDS has a challenging
interdisciplinary curriculum that incorporates Minnesota’s Academic Standards. Accommodations and modifications are made to the curriculum
based on each student’s IEP. In addition, bilingual education is a core value that leads to higher literacy levels.”
3. Bilingual: “Bilingual education using two languages in all areas of the curriculum. Both languages are equally valued, used, taught, and learnt.
At MDS, all students are instructed in American Sign Language (ASL) and English is taught predominantly through print. Spoken English
(speech) occurs during specific times with students but is not part of the classroom curriculum. MDS has two speech language pathologists on
13. Minnesota State Academy for the Deaf
Public school: CEASD (Conference of Educational Administrators of Schools and Programs for the Deaf) Certified
1. Bilingual: “A comprehensive, bilingual (American Sign Language & English) education that results in
proficiency in both languages is vital for maximizing every student’s academic, cognitive, social-emotional,
and self-identity potential.”
2. Mission: MSA provides a rigorous, student-centered educational program in a fully accessible, language-rich
environment to maximize each student’s full potential. Additionally, MSA provides statewide resources and
professional expertise to parents, families, partners, and educational programs in Minnesota.
3. Vision: MSA empowers every student to achieve, care, and thrive in an ever-changing world.
14. Minnesota North Star Academy
Public School: CEASD (Conference of Educational Administrators of Schools and Programs for the Deaf)
Certified
a. Mission: Metro Deaf School has been leading the way in Deaf education, specifically as a
charter school, since before the doors opened in 1993. MDS has a rich tradition of providing a
unique niche of education, rich in culture, language, and academic excellence.
b. Vision: it was the first deaf charter school in the country, third oldest in minnesota. The school
served 13 students its first year and grew over the years, in 3 different locations to as many 80
students, in 2008 the enrollment for MDS averged around 60 students.
15. Model Secondary School for the Deaf
Belief Statement
“We believe that early access to and the acquisition of linguistic proficiency in ASL and English are
integral to a deaf or hard of hearing student’s overall development.”
Goal For Graduates
- “Language and Communication — Graduates demonstrate linguistic and communicative
competence in ASL and English.”
https://mssd.gallaudet.edu/about/mission-and-belief-statements/
16. Laurent Clerc National Deaf Education Center
Private School: CEASD Certified and Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools Certified
a. Mission: The Clerc Center, a federally funded national deaf education center, ensures that the diverse population of deaf and hard of hearing
students (birth through age 21) in the nation are educated and empowered and have the linguistic competence to maximize their potential as
productive and contributing members of society. This is accomplished through early access to and acquisition of language, excellence in
teaching, family involvement, research, identification and implementation of best practices, collaboration, and information sharing among
schools and programs across the nation.
b. Our bilingual Deaf students embrace American Sign Language as their first language. Therefore, we use this set of standards that are designed
to teach students the knowledge and skills of ASL expressive and receptive signing, ability to analyze the structures of ASL at all linguistic
levels, enhancing comprehension and production of ASL, competency of creating and analyzing ASL texts, and obtaining a greater proficiency
in ASL that results in high-order conceptual thinking, critical literacy skills, and more refined analytical skills. Some of the anchor standards
are aligned with the Maryland Common Core English Language Arts standards.
17. New Mexico School for the Deaf
- Individuals Family Service Plans (IFSPs)
- 504 plan accommodations
- Individualized Education Plans (IEPs)
Problem with these plan is they’re only required the MINIMUM assistance and
accommodations
- “NMSD’s bilingual program provides students with ongoing opportunities to develop a
full and rich understanding of and proficiency in both ASL and English. Because
literacy is the cornerstone of all learning, all students receive a language-intensive
program both inside and outside the classroom so that they obtain the tools they
https://www.nmsd.k12.nm.us/academic_programs
18. Pennsylvania School for the Deaf
Public school: CEASD (Conference of Educational Administrators of Schools and Programs for the Deaf)
Certified
1. Mission: “The Pennsylvania School for the Deaf educates students to succeed by recognizing and
developing individual strengths, building confidence, collaborating with families and communities in a
nurturing, dynamic, and language-rich environment steeped in cultural awareness of Deaf, Hearing,
and worldwide diversity.”
2. Vision: “PSD empowers children with hearing loss by providing fully accessible services and a quality
education so that they can become educated, productive and responsible members of society.”
19. Phoenix Day School for the Deaf
Public School: Advanced Accredited but not CEASD certified
a. Mission: Honors the well-being of its students, families, staff and community members by:
* Instilling a sense of pride, unity and appreciation of Deaf culture
* Providing a safe, clean and well-structured environment
* Respecting quality relationships that are healthy and positive
* Nurturing the unique journey of each Deaf and Hard of Hearing child
* Committing to dual language development in ASL and English
* Celebrating accomplishments of individual and group goals
a. PDSD supports a philosophy which includes the acquisition and development of two languages: American Sign Language (ASL) and
English. The curriculum parallels that of any regular public school program with modifications made to meet the communicationneeds of
deaf and hard-of-hearing children. In addition to typical core content classes, students are able to take specials classes such as technology,
sustainable living, fine art, and physical education.
20. PS 437: The ASL and English Lower School
Public School: Not CEASD Certified
a. Mission: The PS347 mission is to provide a bilingual education that values American Sign
Language and Deaf culture and to help bridge the Deaf and hearing communities in New York
City.
b. Bilingual Approach? See above mission statement
21. Rhode Island School for the Deaf
Public school: CEASD (Conference of Educational Administrators of Schools and Programs for the Deaf) Certified
a. Mission: The Rhode Island School for the Deaf is a critical, strategic and responsive educational center with a
commitment to educational excellence for children who are Deaf or Hard of Hearing, an important low
incidence population. The Rhode Island School for the Deaf’s mission is to ensure that all Rhode Island
children who are Deaf or Hard of Hearing become literate, independent, and productive citizens who set and
achieve life goals.
b. https://rideaf.ri.gov/Resources/BiBi.php#:~:text=Everything%20you%20always%20wanted%20to%20know%2
0about%20an%20ASL/English%20Bimodal%20Bilingual%20approach
https://rideaf.ri.gov/Resources/BiBi.php#:~:text=FAQ%3A%20ASL/English%20Bilingual
22. Sources
ç Retrieved March 28, 2023, from https://www.sju.edu/degree-programs/deaf-and-hard-hearing-education-pk-12-certification
CSPG 62 - Hearing Impaired PK-12. (2023, February 1). Pennsylvania Department of Education. Retrieved March 28, 2023, from
https://www.education.pa.gov/Educators/Certification/Staffing%20Guidelines/Pages/CSPG62.aspx
Flagler College. (n.d.). Traditional track master's program. Traditional Track Master's Program - Flagler College. Retrieved March 23, 2023, from
https://www.flagler.edu/academics/departments--programs/education/masters-program-in-deaf-education/traditional-track-masters-program/ Saint
Joseph's University . (n.d.). Deaf & Hard of Hearing Education Online Certification: Saint Joseph's universityfication in deaf & hard of hearing education: Saint Joseph's
university. Online Certification in Deaf & Hard of Hearing Education | Saint Joseph's University. Retrieved March 23, 2023, from https://www.sju.edu/degree-programs/deaf-
and-hard-hearing-education-pk-12-certification
Online Master's in Deaf Education. (n.d.). Arizona Online. Retrieved March 23, 2023, from https://online.arizona.edu/programs/graduate/online-master-arts-special-
education-deaf-and-hard-hearing-ma
UNC Extended Campus. (2022, June 14). Special education: Deaf & hard of hearing (master's) - UNC extended campus. Special Education MA – Deaf & Hard of Hearing
Concentration. Retrieved March 23, 2023, from https://extended.unco.edu/programs/special-education-deaf-hard-hearing-masters/
University, U. S. (n.d.). Listening & spoken language. COMDDE. Retrieved March 23, 2023, from https://comdde.usu.edu/programs/graduate/lsl
Washington University in St. Louis. (2022, August 24). Master of science in deaf education. Audiology & Communication Sciences. Retrieved March 23, 2023, from
https://pacs.wustl.edu/programs/master-of-science-in-deaf-education/
Office of the revisor of statutes. Sec. 122A.28 MN Statutes. (n.d.). Retrieved March 28, 2023, from https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/122A.28
