2. ELS ARE AN ASSET TO OUR SCHOOLS
BE A HOSPITABLE/ACCEPTING TEACHER
3. Value Emergent Bilinguals
• Combat the “deficit” perspective
imposed by the educational
system (”Limited English
Proficient”, bias in assessments,
homework grades, etc.)
• Do NOT tell students or parents
that they should speak English at
home
• Provide the accommodations
provided on their EL plan
• Use cultural books and resources
to enhance instruction
• Window of the World Box- use
of real objects
4. Characteristics of a Hospitable
Teacher
Be a listener,
advocate!
Be open to being
the student
(Learn from
others)
Know your
students’ needs
Be welcoming
and gracious to
all
Understand and
honor other
cultures
5. JUST A LITTLE INFORMATION
• Students with English as their second
language may be called EL (English
Learners) or ELL (English Language
Learners) – This seems to change yearly;
back and forth!
• In a school setting you may have an EL
specialist part time (floater); HOWEVER,
the main responsibility for teaching EL
students falls on the classroom teacher
and the school as a whole.
• The manner in which schools treat
linguistically diverse students is directly
related to the ways in which they are
perceived and treated by society.
• ESL or English as a Second Language is the
name of the teacher prep program for
TEST
QUESTION
6.
7. So… WHY do we have so
many immigrants in the US?
What do you think?
To improve their
lives-
financially/economic
ally
In order to survive–
safety, political
unrest, etc..
Advances in mass
transit– it easier to
get here now days.
Globalization and
borderless
economies of the
21st century
8. • You WILL have an EL student– regardless of where you
teach or whether you want one or not!
• ALL children have normal transitions– home to school,
childhood to adolescents, elementary to middle school-
then to high school, from mom’s house to dad’s house,
etc. BUT EL students have those same transitions PLUS
the new language and cultural barriers.
• EL students also have dialects from their countries,
exactly like the US has different dialects.
• Just within what we call Hispanic, there will be various
dialects/ languages that may or may not overlap– South
American, Dominican Republic, Northern Mexico,
Southern Mexico, Spain, etc…
• EL ALSO encompasses Chinese (Mandarin, Cantonese),
Indian, Vietnamese, Arabic, Korean, Japanese, Native
American, Hawaiian, Aluetian (Native Alaskans), French–
just to name a few!
TEST
QUESTION
9. We are bounded by law to provide
equitable educational opportunities
for these students.
• Title VII – Provides funds for different EL programs to enhance and
supplement instruction. It provides funding for development,
training, and research for the education of EL students.
• EEOA (Equal Education Opportunity Act)- Protects students’ rights
for equal educational opportunities. Because of this act, 12 Chinese
students filed a class action law suit in CA because they were not
being given equal opportunities in their educational setting.
Guidelines came from this.
1. THEORY-The school must have an ELL program based on
educational research.
2. PRACTICE– The school must actually implement the
program in practice.
3. RESULTS– The school must show growth results using data.
TEST
QUESTION
10. This has been a political battle for 35 + years
Reagan– stated that it is “absolutely wrong and against
American concepts to have a bilingual education program.” He never
used the word bilingual during his presidential terms. He was not
against people speaking their native language at home, but he felt
students would not learn our country’s language if they were not
made to speak it.
Clinton– supported teaching languages other than English,
and the word bilingual was used often in his educational speeches
and policies.
George W. Bush– in 2002 started the NCLB act and Title III
replace Title VII. Title III is the reform measure- “Language Instruction
for limited English and Immigrant students.” The word bilingual was
once again deleted, however, he pursued helping them. This new law
was more focused on learning English and supporting ELs with this
process.
THIS IS AN ON-GOING PROCESS
11. • First official set of federal guidelines reminding schools of
their obligations to EL students under the administration of
Barack Obama in 2015 ...
• Under the guidelines issued by the Department of Education
and the Department of Justice under Obama, schools are
expected to identify English language learners in a timely and
reliable manner, offer ESL students an educationally sound
language assistance program, provide qualified staff and
resources and make sure ESL students have equal access to
programs and activities and avoid unnecessary segregation of
English learners from other students in the schools.
• Other obligations include making sure students don't suffer
academically from their time in an ESL program and moving
the students out of the program when they are proficient in
English. The guidelines also seek to evaluate ESL programs to
ensure they're effective and provide parents of ESL children
with school information in a language they understand.
• Currently 5 million children in the U.S. are English learners,
about 9 percent of all U.S. public school students.
12. 5 Instructional Programs
Implemented Over the Last Several Decades
1. Submersion– students are placed in English only classrooms and given
no special instructional support--- THIS IS ILLEGAL!
2. English as a second language (ESL)--- No instruction is given in the
student’s primary language, taught through pull-out programs, and
integrated in content throughout the day.
3. Transitional-Bilingual Education (TBE)---students receive some
instruction in their primary language, but must transition to English
only, generally within 1-3 years.
4. Maintenance Bilingual Education (MBE)--- students receive
instruction in their primary language and in English in grades K-6. The
goal is to be academically proficient in both languages.
5. Dual Language Programs--- the language minority and language
majority are educated in the same program learning both languages.
Bilingual - speaks 2 languages fluently
TEST
QUESTION
13. 2 Domains of ELL Language Development
• BICS (Basic Interpersonal Communication Skills)--playground,
in the lunch room, on the school bus, at parties, playing
sports and talking on the telephone. Usually takes 1-3 years.
*Pragmatics– learning language for social purposes
• CALPS (Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency)– formal
academic learning: This includes listening, speaking, reading,
and writing about subject area content material. This level of
language learning is essential for students to succeed in
school. Students need time and support to become
proficient in academic areas. This usually takes from 5-7
years.
Syntax-- rules of word order in a sentence
Semantics– meanings of words and sentences
Morphology– rules of word formations (written and
spelling)
Phonology– the sounds of our spoken language
Phonics– ties the sounds to specific symbols (letters) in
our
language
TEST
QUESTION
14. SO… What do we do as a
classroom teacher?
1. High level of noise in the classroom– ELs need to hear language
2. Students working in small groups
3. Hands-on materials– concrete examples
4. Word walls– pictures, native word, and English word
5. Student work displayed
6. Teachers modeling CORRECT language
7. High expectations with scaffolding
8. Assessments to drive instruction– to determine where they are
and where they need to be
9. Welcoming and safe environment for students AND families
10. Co-teaching with specialist
11. Paraphrase the content learning
12. Conversation based instruction that forces the EL students to
talk
TEST
QUESTION
15. Strategies for EL Students
• High level of noise
• Students work in small groups
• Concrete examples-hands on materials
• Word walls-pictures, native words and English words
• Student work displayed
• Teacher modeling the correct language
• Assessments to drive instruction-to determine where they are and where they
need to be
• High expectations with scaffolding
• Welcoming and safe environment for students and families
• Co-teach with specialist
• Paraphrase Content learning
• Conversation based instruction that forces the EL student to talk.
• Model correct English
• Use Google translate or other apps and websites that would aid in helping
students and parents.
16. Digitals tools to
facilitate student
learning with EL
students
Epic offers: bilingual
books, read alouds
and varied Lexile
Levels...
How might you use
this feature to help
students learn?
17. https://youtu.be/kQRf64SZi
wU
NEWSELA
is another
great
digital tool
•NEWSELA offers the same
current news stories at
different reading levels
(Lexile Levels) and even in
Spanish... It is current
news that is relevant to
the world your students
live in. It has 5 different
reading levels. Quizzes are
available for most articles
along with a teacher
report that marks their
progress.
•How might you use this
feature to help students
learn?
app
18. Google Translate is another good
digital tool...
• Google's free service instantly
translates words, phrases, and web
pages between English and over
100 other languages.
• Using the Translate app, you can
use your phone’s camera to
translate text in the world around
you, like signs or handwritten
notes.
https://translate.google.com/
•Another internet page that
translates from English written text
to another language:
http://myeasytranslator.com/
20. In
Closing…
• It is important that
teachers understand
that students’ home
languages are NOT
inferior to the English
language.
• Teachers’ negative
attitudes lower
academic achievement
for EL students. OUR
ATTITUDE IS
EVERYTHING!
• Do not equate not being
able to speak English as
being academically
deficient.
21. HOMEWORK
Next class Oct. 15
Read Chapter 12 Disabilities Study Class notes
Work on Literature Presentation and
bibliography due Nov. 28
