An Introduction to Nginx, including installation, configuration, upgrading.

1. Nginx
Introduction

2. Nginx
Nginx (pronounced "engine-x") is an open source reverse proxy server for
HTTP(S), SMTP, POP3, and IMAP protocols, as well as a load balancer,
HTTP cache, and a web server (origin server).

3. Installation
Installation on Ubuntu
sudo -s
nginx=stable # use nginx=development for latest development version
echo "deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/nginx/$nginx/ubuntu lucid main" > /etc/apt/sources.list.
d/nginx-$nginx-lucid.list
apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys C300EE8C
apt-get update
apt-get install nginx

4. Configuration
● /etc/nginx
● /etc/nginx/nginx.conf # global config
worker_processes 4; # = CPU Number
worker_connections 65535; # max connections per process
gzip on; # enable gzip
gzip_disable "msie6";
gzip_vary on;
gzip_proxied any;
gzip_comp_level 6;
gzip_buffers 16 8k;
gzip_http_version 1.1;
gzip_types text/plain text/css application/json application/x-javascript text/xml application/xml
application/xml+rss text/javascript;

5. Configuration
● /etc/init.d/nginx {start | stop | reload | restart }
● /var/log/nginx # log
● /etc/nginx/sites-available # Virtual Host Configs, 保存配置的地方
● /etc/nginx/sites-enabled # 要enable的配置保存的地方
ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/default /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default

6. Configuration
server {
listen 80; ## binding port
server_name tiger.prod.kalengo.cn; ## domain
access_log /var/log/nginx/onepiece_access.log;
error_log /var/log/nginx/onepiece_error.log;
root /var/www; ## website root directory
location / {
......
}
location /xxx {
…...
}
location /xxx/yyy {
…...
}
location ~* .*.(css|js)$ {
add_header Cache-Control max-age=3600;
}
location ~ .php$ { ## pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
include fastcgi_params;
}
}

7. Configuration
location /files {
add_header Cache-Control max-age=259200;
alias /var/www/public/files;
autoindex off;
}
location /journal {
add_header Cache-Control max-age=3600;
alias /var/www/public/files/journal;
autoindex off;
}
location ~ ^/images/(w+?).jpg_(d+)x(d+) {
add_header Cache-Control max-age=259200;
alias /var/www/public/files/images/$2x/$1.jpg;
autoindex off;
}
P.S: location 匹配顺序 ≠ 文件编辑顺序

8. Upgrade on the Fly
1. ./configure & make
a. nginx -V
2. backup & replace
a. mv nginx nginx.old
b. cp objs/nginx nginx
3. start & quit
a. kill -USR2
b. kill -QUIT
p.s:
1. Nginx平滑升级
2. Nginx Upgrade

9. Resource
Beginner’s Guide
Admin’s Guide
How nginx processes a request