IBM Cognitive: A new era of computing

1. © 2012 International Business Machines Corporation
A New Era of Computing
John Kelly
Senior Vice President and Director, Research

2. © 2012 International Business Machines Corporation
IBM Research: Impact and Leadership for IBM
Leadership
Big/fast data
Watson
Cybersecurity
• Analytics approach
Future systems
• Data-centric
• Cognitive
• Exascale
• Scale in
Sciences of IT
• Atomic scale
• Machine learning
Impact
Cloud
Analytics
Smarter planet
Growth markets
Systems differentiation
Services quality/margins
Software assets
Acquisition support

3. © 2012 International Business Machines Corporation
IBM Research: The world is our lab
Dublin
Melbourne
Brazil
IBM Research labs
Labs added since 2010
Other IBM Research presence
China
WatsonAlmaden
Austin
Tokyo
Haifa
Zurich
India

4. © 2012 International Business Machines Corporation
Dublin
Melbourne
Brazil
China
WatsonAlmaden
Austin
Tokyo
Haifa
Zurich
India
nanotechnologies
processors/storage
/switching
future systems
cloud
services tools &
assets
analytics
industry expertise
IBM Research: Global and vertically integrated

5. © 2012 International Business Machines Corporation
• Application Assembly Optimization
• Secure ID Card Solutions
• Component Business Modeling
• Intelligent Document Gateway
• Smarter City Resource Management
• Global Expense Reporting System
• Healthcare Benefit Analyzer
• Workforce Management Analytics
• Voice of the Customer Analytics
• Many more
Impact: Services contributions by IBM Research
100s of tools and solutions delivered
+
• Migration to Cloud
• Automated Test Planning and Optimization
• CoBRA- Corporate Brand Analysis
• Solution Definition Manager
• Workbench for Packaged Applications
• Global Delivery Framework Productivity
• Predictive Analytics for Delivery Excellence
• Server & Storage Management Automation
• Many more
Productivity + Quality New Client Value

6. © 2012 International Business Machines Corporation
Automated software testing for increased services revenue and margin
Defect
prevention
Improved test
effectiveness
Improved
test efficiency
Defect
Reduction
Methodology
Improved
Review
Process and
Tools
Code
Analysis
Test Script
Generation from
Natural Language
Application
Virtualization
Coverage-
Based Test
Selection
Change-Based
Test Selection
Use Case
Analysis and
Test Case
Generation
Coverage-
Based Test
Enhancement
Change-Based
Test Enhancement
Document
Analytics
CTD Test
Enhancement
CTD Test
Generation
CTD Test
Selection
CTD Test
Data Selection

7. © 2012 International Business Machines Corporation
Leading IBM: Eras of computing
ComputerIntelligence
Time
Programmable
Systems Era
Cognitive
Systems Era
Tabulating
Systems Era

8. © 2012 International Business Machines Corporation
Cognitive Systems: A new era of computing
Programmable
Systems Era
 Processor-centric
 Fixed calculation
 Scale up/out
 Manual systems
management
Cognitive
Systems Era
 Data-centric
 Statistical analytics
 Scale in
 Automated systems/
workload management

9. © 2012 International Business Machines Corporation
Big Data: Why we must move to a new era of computing
Dimensions of data growth
Terabytes to
exabytes of
existing data
to process
Structured,
unstructured,
text, multimedia
Streaming data,
milliseconds to
seconds to
respond
Uncertainty
from inconsistency,
ambiguities, etc.
Variety
Volume Velocity
Veracity
Uncertain data on the rise
2010
VolumeinExabytes
Sensors
& Devices
VoIP
9000
8000
7000
6000
5000
4000
3000 Enterprise
Data
Social
Media
2015

10. © 2012 International Business Machines Corporation
This poet wrote to a
friend, “We are by
September and yet my
flowers are as bold as
June. Amherst has
gone to Eden.”
Specific questions Statistical
analytics
Statistical
ranking
Batch training
Rich problem
scenarios
Interactive dialogue
Evidence
profiles
Continuous
learning
An Analytical System: Taking Watson beyond Jeopardy!TM
Current Future

11. © 2012 International Business Machines Corporation
Progress in the Programmable Systems Era
Scale out Scale out
Scale up
Scale down

12. © 2012 International Business Machines Corporation
Scale In Memory
Switching
Storage Scale In
Processor
Cognitive Systems Attributes
• Embedded analytics
• Automated systems/workload
management
• Optimized for big/fast data
• True cloud-in-a-box
A New Paradigm for Cognitive Systems

13. © 2012 International Business Machines Corporation
Scale In
Storage Memory
Switching
Processor
A New Paradigm for Cognitive Systems

14. © 2012 International Business Machines Corporation
Scale In
Storage
Switching
Memory
Processor
A New Paradigm for Cognitive Systems

15. © 2012 International Business Machines Corporation
Present Future + IBM Pure System
Scale-in: Automated system/workload management
Scale up/out Scale in
Past Applications
Smart Workload
Deployer
• Workload building blocks
• Patterns
• Expertise
• Open
Workload
Building Blocks
Infrastructure
Building Blocks
Servers
Multiple VMs

16. © 2012 International Business Machines Corporation
Cognitive Systems Era
Core Technology
Applications
Architectures
Exploring the Future of Cognitive Systems
Far-reaching
research

17. © 2012 International Business Machines Corporation
Atomic limits of
magnetic storage
96 iron atoms store
one byte of data
Cognitive Systems: Atomic storage
IBM Research explores the boundaries of science and technology

18. © 2012 International Business Machines Corporation
Cognitive Systems: Quantum computing
Silicon chip with three qubits
Extraordinary capabilities are
expected…factoring a 3,000 digit
number 1040 faster than today
Superconducting qubits use established
manufacturing techniques for silicon technology
Potential for dramatic advances in cryptanalysis,
database sorting, pharmaceutical research
IBM is the world leader in this technology

19. © 2012 International Business Machines Corporation
Cognitive Systems: SyNAPSE
 “Neuron” and “synapse” -like computing model
 Systems learn through analytics/experience
 Advantages: Ultra energy-efficient, flexible, learning
Learning Pong
Character ID
Wiring diagram – monkey brain ‘True North’

20. © 2012 International Business Machines Corporation
Sensor Networks
Feeder line
Intelligent
building
Electric
car
Substation
Transmission line
Automated
meters
Millions of end points
100K+ elements,10ms latency
Multiple feedback time-scales
Social Business Smarter Cities
Watson
Human and knowledge
capital analytics
Optimize sales through
insights about sellers,
teams, deals, clients, and
performance.
Social / Demographic
Economic
Environmental
Technological
Cognitive Systems: Applications
TM

22. © 2012 International Business Machines Corporation
Mark G. Kris, MD
Chief, Thoracic Oncology Service
William and Joy Ruane Chair in Thoracic Oncology
Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center

23. © 2012 International Business Machines Corporation
Leadership
Impact
The World is Our Lab

24. © 2012 International Business Machines Corporation
Certain comments made in the presentation may be characterized as forward looking under the Private
Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Those statements involve a number of factors that could cause
actual results to differ materially. Additional information concerning these factors is contained in the
Company's filings with the SEC. Copies are available from the SEC, from the IBM web site, or from IBM
Investor Relations. Any forward-looking statement made during this event or in these presentation
materials speaks only as of the date on which it is made. The Company assumes no obligation to update
or revise any forward-looking statements. These charts and the associated remarks and comments are
integrally related, and they are intended to be presented and understood together.
In an effort to provide additional and useful information regarding the Company’s financial results and
other financial information as determined by generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP), certain
materials presented during this event include non-GAAP information. The rationale for management’s use
of this non-GAAP information, the reconciliation of that information to GAAP, and other related information
is included in supplemental materials entitled “Non-GAAP Supplemental Materials” that are posted on the
Company’s investor relations web site at http://www.ibm.com/investor/events/investor0512. The Non-
GAAP Supplemental Materials are also included as Attachment II to the Company’s Form 8-K dated
May 9, 2012.

25. © 2012 International Business Machines Corporation