The document discusses patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), a heart defect that occurs when the ductus arteriosus fails to close after birth. This allows blood to shunt from the left pulmonary artery to the right, causing pulmonary edema. Premature infants have a higher risk of PDA. Nursing management includes early detection of symptoms like murmurs and edema, as well as supportive care. Medications like indomethacin and ibuprofen may help close the ductus, and surgery is needed if other treatments fail.

1. First discussion:
Patent ductus arteriosus is a heart defect that occurs when the
ductus arteriosus that connects the left pulmonary artery to the
right pulmonary artery and aorta does not close at birth
(Lowdermilk et al., 2016). This continued patency causes a left
to right shunting that results in pulmonary edema (Hockenberry
et al., 2019). Normally the ductus remains patent during
gestation due to the release of prostaglandin from the placenta,
and closes at birth when oxygen tension causes the ductus
arteriosus to restrict (Lowdermilk et al., 2016). Infants born
prematurely at 28 weeks gestation or less have an incidence rate
of PDA at 70% (Lowdermilk et al., 2016).
Nursing management for patent ductus arteriosus includes early
recognition of the signs and symptoms, and supportive care
(Hockenberry et al., 2019). The nurse should do a thorough
cardiovascular assessment, and look for signs of PDA such as a
machine like systolic murmur, bounding peripheral pulses,
tachycardia, tachypnea, and crackles due to pulmonary edema
(Hockenberry et al., 2019). The nurse can provide supportive
care such giving oxygen, monitoring fluids, providing support
to the family and educating on what to expect as far as
treatment and surgeries (Lowdermilk et al., 2016).
Therapeutic and medical management can include the use of a
ventilator, and care fluid balancing (Lowdermilk et al., 2016)..
Medications that may be administered to help the ductus
arteriosus to constrict and close are indomethacin and ibuprofen
because they inhibit the synthesis of prostaglandins
(Lowdermilk et al., 2016). Diuretics may be used to decrease
pulmonary edema and fluid overload (Lowdermilk et al., 2016).
If all treatments to close the duct are unsuccessful than surgery
may be necessary.
Discussion 2
The school nurse provides direct care to students. The school

2. nurse provides care for injuries and acute illness for all students
and long-term management of students with special health care
needs. Responsibilities may include: assessment and treatment
within the scope of professional nursing practice,
communication with parents, referral to physicians, and
provision or supervision of prescribed nursing care. School
nurse is also a liaison between school personnel, family, health
care professionals, and the community.
School nurses ensures that there is adequate communication and
collaboration among the family, physicians, and providers of
community resources (Council on School Health, 2016).
Secondary prevention may involve caring for children when
they need care and is the largest responsibility of the school
nurse. It may include such activities as caring for ill/injured
children or staff (including the development of an emergency
plan and appropriate training of staff in standard precautions,
first aid, and relevant emergency procedures), screening and
assessing children, making appropriate referrals, giving
medications, identifying abuse and neglect, communicating with
healthcare providers, preventing suicide and violence, and
responding to disasters (NASN, 2016).
Discussion 3
Faith community nursing is one of the newest nursing
specialties and one of the oldest means of healthcare delivery
(Rector, 2018). The roles of the faith community nurse are a
health educator, health counselor, advocate, referral agent,
developer of support groups, coordinator of volunteers,
integrator of faith and health (Rector, 2018). Some key aspects
of faith community nursing include meeting the emotional and
spiritual support needs of the dying and serving as an advocate
for individuals who are hospitalized, living at home, or in a
long term care facility (Rector, 2018). Health promotion
outcomes may be primary, directed at prevention of disease,
illness, or injury such as promotion of good nutrition through
educating about healthy diet; secondary focused on early

3. detection and appropriate intervention such as mental health
screenings, tertiary concerned with promoting a sense of well
being when preventing or curing a condition may not occur an
example would be providing support through visitation,
transportation or praying with the patient (Rector, 2018).
Occupational and environmental health nurses work with
employers to cultivate creative and business appropriate health
and safety programs (Rector, 2018). Occupational health
nursing practice can be divided into three main categories:
compliance, care, and health promotion (Rector, 2018). There is
a wide range of legislations that guide occupational health
nursing practice such as OSHA standards, ADA (Rector, 2018).
Occupational health nurse work in a variety of settings (Rector,
2018). The manufacturing sector has a strong tradition of
employing occupational health nurses, but utility companies,
mines, retail store chains, hospitals, theme parks, banks, school
systems, and government also employ occupational health
nurses (Rector, 2018). Primary prevention can be seeking
enforcement of legislations, secondary prevention screening
employees working in a loud noise environment for hearing
loss, tertiary prevention would be providing care for an injured
employee (Rector, 2018).
Discussion 4 (SS)
1. The Document on Human Fraternity for World Peace and
Living Together is a declaration that the Catholic Church and
Al-Azhar condemn anything that ends a human life, exploits
women or children, the disabled, and the oppressed, and that we
must respect all of God’s children (Pope Francis & Grand Imam
Al-Tayyeb, 2019). I believe that the most important point of
this document is this quote: “this Declaration may constitute an
invitation to reconciliation and fraternity among all believers,
indeed among believers and non-believers, and among all
people of goodwill…” (Pope Francis & Grand Imam Al-Tayyeb,
2019). This gives the overall point of the document in that they
are trying to unite everyone of any religion or belief under a

4. common goal to protect each other under God. I think the point
that impressed me the most was the point that was made about
full citizenship. They called to eliminate the word “minority”
because it essentially others people and makes them feel
unwelcome, which is an excellent point and something that I
have not thought about. Nostra Aetate is a document that argues
against the religious or hateful prosecution of those from
different religions by citing scripture and the similarities to
Christianity. The document dismantles any common arguments
toward discrimination and what I believe is the most important
point comes from this quote: “No foundation, therefore, remains
for any theory or practice that leads to discrimination between
man and man or people and people, so far as their human
dignity and the rights flowing from it are concerned” (Pope Paul
VI, 1965). The Church believes that there is an argument
against loving one another regardless of religion and that to not
do so is to deny God. I think that the entire document is
impressive because it is not only beautifully written, but the
points it has made seem undeniable and resonates deeply with
my own beliefs.
Yes, of course. In fact, we must do this in order to preserve
ourselves and love others. In my opinion, in order to truly
empathize with others, recognizing other people and seeing
ourselves in them, is the best way to love them. If we do that,
there would be a lot less hatred and discrimination in the
world.
I hope so. I think the internet has gone a long way in helping us
achieve this goal because we can spread information across the
world to disprove misconceptions and encourage acceptance.
We are no longer in a little bubble of ignorance that was put
there by geographic boundaries. I do have one thing to share. I
am a part of the LGBT community, and I was raised secular.
While I believe in God, I don’t have a particular religious
affiliation. Because of both of these things, I have been

5. discriminated against in a variety of settings including both my
past schools and past workplaces. Who I am and what I believe
intrinsically has put me apart from other people and from all of
the readings that we have done this week and weeks past, there
is no basis for the way I have been treated by others who have
called themselves Christians in the past. This makes me feel far
more positively toward organized religion and for that I am
grateful.
Discussion 5 (MB)
The most important point in Nostra Aetate is the idea that Jesus
died for all of our sins out of his love for every numan beings of
all faiths. This calls us to share in that love. My favorite point
for the Document on Human Fraternithy was the ideat that
"dialogue is the path.." This highlights the point that through
dialogue, we can foster a sense of fraternity and fellowship
between faiths and cultures.
I do believe that we can and should be able to relate to other's
faiths and treat them with a sense of togetherness. Jesus'
sacrifice to all of humahity through his death shows that he
loved us all, and to act in his image, we should relate with,
respect and care for all others in our human family.
Additionally, others beliefs may help you better understand
your faith and your beliefs.
This is a complicated question. People of different religions
and cultures are often clustered with members of their own
group. This makes it difficult for people of different cultures to
interact and come to understand each other. I believe our
generation has the ability to change thisk cultural and religious
divide by working consciously to avoid the explicit and implicit
expectations to associate with people of your ingroup and
dialogue with other faiths and cultures.