The presentation describe about communicable disease(Tuberculosis,Giardiasis, Ascariasis ,AIDS,Typhyoid) and uncommunicable disease(Cancer ,HTN, Coronary artery disease) with its mode of trasmission ,symptoms, clinical features, diagnosis and treatment

1. HUMAN
DISEASE
SHAILENDRA SHAH
DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACEUTICAL
SCIENCE,POKHARA UNIVERSITY

2. Types ;mode of transmission
communicable uncommunica
ble
Tuberculosis Cancer
Giardiasis HTN
Ascariasis Coronary artery
disease
AIDS
Typhoid

3. Mode of transmission;
Incubation period:
Host;
Agent

4. Tuberculosis

5. Tuberculosis
Causative organism;
a)Mycobacterium tuberculosis
b)Mycobacterium
bovis(abdominal TB)
 Incubation period:3 week to 3
month

6. Clinical features;

7. Diagnosis
Zeihl neel(ZN) staining
Sputum test-3 consecutive
morning samples
Chest x ray
PCR

8. Ghon focus and Ghon
complex

9. Treatment
 Multi drug regimen;@PRISE
 Pyrazinamide ;jaundice
 Rifampicin :Red color secretion
(saliva and sweat)
 Isoniazide:peripheral neuritis @pen
is
 Streptomycin:
 Ethambutol;Eye
toxicity(bacteriostatic

10. Giardia lifecycle

11. Giardiasis
Giardia lamblia
Duodenum,upper part of
jejunum
Faecooral transmission
Incubation period;3 week@3G
Two stages:
a)cyst;infective
b)tropozoite:feeding stage

12. Giardia lamblia

13. clinical features
@Gaffadi
G :Giardiasis
A;Abdominal pain
F;Fatty stool
F:Foul smelling stool
Di;Diarrhoea

14. Treatment
@TIMES
Tinidazole
Metronidazole

15. Ascaris life cycle

17. Ascariasis
 Most common helminthic or worm
infestations
 Most common infection in schoolchildren in
kathmandu.
 Causative agent:Ascaris lumbricoides
 MOT:faecooral(embryonated egg ingestion)
 Incubation period:2 months
 Habitat ;lumen of small intestine(jejunum)

18. Clinical features
Abdominal pain
Vomiting
Gi ulcer
Bile obstruction cause
obstructive jaundice

19. Treatment
 @MAP
Mebendazole
Albendazole
Piperazine

20. Typhoid
Causative agent:salmonella
typhi
MOT:faecooral route
(contaminated food and
water)
Incubation period:1o-14

21. Symptoms
High grade fever
GIdiscomfort(diarrhoea,nause
a,vomiting)
Bradycardia and neutropenia
Rose spot(2nd week)

22. Diagnosis
@BASU
B-Blood culture 1st week
A-Antibody-antigen reaction
2nd week(WIDAL TEST)
S-Stool culture 3rd week
U –Urine culture 4th week

23. Treatment
Chloramphenicol
Ciprofloxacin
Ceftriaxone
Amoxicillin

24. AIDS LOGO

25. AIDS(SLIM DISEASE)
Agent ;human immuno
dificiency virus(HIV)
reverse transcriptases
enzyme retro virus
ssRNA

26. MOT
Sexual
contact
Blood Vertical
transmission
Homosexual More then
30%
More then 90
%
Heterosexual Blood
transfusion
Mother to
child
Common
mode of
transmission
Vaginal fluid,
breast,pus
During
delivery and
breast
feeding

27. Incubation period:few month
to many years(5-10 years)
Tumor present in AIDS
patient;
a)kaposi’s sarcoma
b)non hodgkin lymphoma

29. Acute viral
stage
Asymptomati
c
Aids related
complex
(ARC)
End
stage(AIDS)
No symptom
or flu like
symptom
Antibody test
is negative
but person
can still
transmit HIV
-persistant
fever≥2
month
-diarrh0ea
-weight
loss≥10% in 6
month
lymphadenop
athy
-Oral thrush
-
Splenomegaly
Oppertunisti
c infection
(M avium)

30. Diagnosis
Screening test-
ELISA(enzyme linked
immuno sorbant assay)
Diagnostic test-westorn
blot test

31. Highly active anti-retroviral
treatment(HAART)
 ZIDOVUDINE
 LAMIVUDINE
 NEVIRAPINE
 SAQUINAVIR

32. Uncommunicable disease
cancer