TO KNOW MORE ABOUT Cognitive distortion and biases

1. COGNITIVE
DISTORTION
AND
COGNITIVE BIASES
MADE BY:
SHAHEEN KHAN

2. WHAT IS COGNITIVE DISTORTION AND
COGNITIVE BIASES
Cognitive distortions are simply ways that our mind convinces
us of something that isn’t really true. These inaccurate
thoughts are usually used to reinforce negative thinking or
emotions — telling ourselves things that sound rational and
accurate, but really only serve to keep us feeling bad about
ourselves.
A cognitive bias is a systematic error in thinking that occurs
when people are processing and interpreting information in
the world around them and affects the decisions and
judgments that they make.

3. Cognitive distortion Cognitive biases
Cognitive distortions are the thoughts that
leads to misrepresentation of the reality.
In Cognitive bias : our personal,
emotional, social, moral and other
variables interferes while judging an
event, which often leads us to make
illogical inferences about an event.
Cognitive distortions are biased
perspectives we take on ourselves and the
world around us.
Cognitive biases are often a result of your
brain's attempt to simplify information
processing.
All cognitive distortions are:
• Tendencies or patterns of thinking or
believing;
• That are false or inaccurate;
• And have the potential to cause
psychological damage.
A cognitive bias is rooted in thought
processing errors often arising from
problems with memory, attention,
attribution, and other mental mistakes.
Difference between COGNITIVE : Distortion and Biases

4. Types of Distortion
Magnification and Minimization: Exaggerating or minimizing the
importance of events. One might believe their own achievements are
unimportant, or that their mistakes are excessively important.
Catastrophizing: Seeing only the worst possible outcomes of a
situation.
Overgeneralization: Making broad interpretations from a single or few
events. “I felt awkward during my job interview. I am always so
awkward.”
Magical Thinking: The belief that acts will influence unrelated
situations. “I am a good person—bad things shouldn’t happen to me.”

5. Continue……..
 Magical Thinking: The belief that acts will influence
unrelated situations. “I am a good person—bad things
shouldn’t happen to me.”
 Personalization: The belief that one is responsible for events
outside of their own control. “My mom is always upset. She
would be fine if I did more to help her.”
 Jumping to Conclusions: Interpreting the meaning of a
situation with little or no evidence.
 Mind Reading: Interpreting the thoughts and beliefs of
others without adequate evidence. “She would not go on a
date with me. She probably thinks I’m ugly.”
 Fortune Telling: The expectation that a situation will turn
out badly without adequate evidence.

6. Continue……
 Emotional Reasoning: The assumption that emotions reflect
the way things really are. “I feel like a bad friend, therefore I
must be a bad friend.”
 Disqualifying the Positive: Recognizing only the negative
aspects of a situation while ignoring the positive. One might
receive many compliments on an evaluation, but focus on the
single piece of negative feedback.
 “Should” Statements: The belief that things should be a
certain way. “I should always be friendly.”
 All-or-Nothing Thinking: Thinking in absolutes such as
“always”, “never”, or “every”. “I never do a good enough
job on anything.”

7. TYPES OF BIASES

8. Psychological biases
Biases are normal processes designed to make decisions quickly.They are unconscious,
automatic and non-controllable and there is no magical solution to overcome these
reflexes.

9. SOCIAL BIAS
Social biases are a result of our interactions with other people. The way
we are processing and analysing information depends on our relations
with the persons who provided us with information or hypotheses.

10. PROCESS BIAS
Process bias is our tendency to process information based on cognitive factors
rather than evidence. When we process information, we often display inherent
thinking errors. They prevent an analyst from accurately understanding reality even
when all the needed data and evidence are in his/her hand.

11. Thank you