Geothermal energy is a renewable energy source generated within the earth that can be used directly for heating or converted to electricity. It has several advantages including being renewable, producing zero emissions, requiring less space than other energy sources, and providing a stable source of employment. However, it also has disadvantages such as high initial installation costs, requiring complex systems with high maintenance needs, and the risk of resource depletion if withdrawal rates are too high. While the costs of generating electricity from geothermal sources are relatively low once facilities are established, the initial capital investments tend to be high. Governments can implement policies like incentives, public-private partnerships, and risk insurance programs to promote greater development and use of geothermal energy resources.

1. Geothermal Energy: Advantages,
Disadvantages, Economics
and Policy
Course No. ES 3107 Course Title: Energy and Environment
Date: 25 March, 2019
Submitted to: Abdullah-Al-Masud
Assistant Professor, Environmental Science
Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna. Submitted by: 171046,171049,161056,161063

2. Geothermal Energ
y
• Introduction
 Renewable energy which is generated within the earth.
 Used directly for heating or transformed into electricity.
 Originates from the original formation of the planet and from rad
ioactive decay of materials.
 Cost-effective, reliable, sustainable, and environmentally friendly.

3. Impacts • Advantages
PROS
 Renewable energy source.
 Extracted geothermal fluids
can be re-injected
Geothermal fluids include- silic
a, Zn, Li, Mg, K, Cu, Ag, Au etc.
Oil and gas extraction.
Systems use 25% to 50% less elec
tricity.
Requires less space for hardware.
Nearly zero air emission.
Lessen the load on fossil fuel.
Smallest surface land footpri
nt.
Provides a stable source of e
mployment.
No external cost
 Huge opportunity.
 Provides clean and domestic energy.
 Can fulfill energy need.
Globally Inexhaustible Environmental Benefits
Coproduction of Minerals and Natural
Fuel
High Efficiency
Economic Benefits Energy Stability for Developing Countries

4. Impacts • Disadvantages
CONS
 Unsustainably high withdrawal rate.
 Inadequate reinjection practices.
Intial installation cost is high.
Complex system require high in
vestment.
Maintenance requires high skill.
Increases operational cost.
Some contain non-condensable gases.
Can emit CO2 and H2S
Can not be traded across the boundary.
Resource is location-constrained.
 Takes a lot of time to research.
 Long time process can discourage
investers.
Resource Depletion Greenhouse Emission
High Investment Cost Sophisticated Maintenance
Land Requirements and Non-Tradability Long Project Development Cycle

5. Geothermal Energ
y
• Economics
Initial installation cost can be very high. But the electricity
can be sold for a large profit compared to other sources.
Very low maintenance and operation costs which often range
from $0.01 to $0.03 per kWh.
Employment created through geothermal production,
development and use vary widely.

6. Geothermal Energ
y
• Economics: Continued

7. Geothermal Ener
gy
• Policy
02
P. P. P.
 Investment support- capital grants,
soft loans etc.
 Operating support- price subsidies,
quota obligations, tradable green c
ertificates.
Risk Insu
rance
Incentives
 Identify available insurance
schemes.
 Public insurance schemes- Iceland
and Germany.
 Integrates commitment of resource
s from both public and private parti
cipants.
 Implement an investment project or
program, usually in infrastructure.
Geothermal Power Generation Incentives
Public-Private Partnerships Geothermal Risk Insurance

8. THANK YOU！