PHYSICAL FEATURES OF ASIA , EUROPE AND AFRICA

World Geography
lecture 3
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WORLD AT GLANCE
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ASIA
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PHYICAL FEATURES OF ASIA
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ASIA
 LARGEST & MOST POPULACE CONTINENT
 ALMOST 4BILLION /58.6 % OF WORLD’S TOTAL POPUALTION
 44030000 SKM / 29.5% OF TOTAL LANDMASS
 TOTAL STATES : 48 UNO RECOGNIZED MEMBERS
 Partially Recognized : Republic of China ( Taiwan ) , Palestine
MOST POPULATED : CHINA. INDIA , INDONESIA , PAKISTAN , BANGLADESH
MOST AREA : RUSSIA , CHINA , INDIA , KAZAKISTAN, KSA ( RCIKK)
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MOST IMPORTANT
 HIGHEST POINT = MOUNT EVEREST 8849m (NEPAL &china) Himalaya
 Lowest Point : Dead Sea
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Mountains in ASIA
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Major Mountain Ranges in Asia
 Himalayas ( Pakistan , India , China , Nepal ) Highest Peak : Mount
Everest
 Ural Mountains ( Asia , Europe Boundary ) Highest Peak (Mount
Narodnaya)
 Caucasus Mountains( Separates Asia from Europe from the areas between
Black sea and Caspian Sea ) Host Countries Georgia , Armenia ,
Azerbaijani , Turkey , Iran
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MOUNT EVEREST
 At Nepal & China Border ( Mainly in Nepal)
 Named After Surveyor General of India Col George Everest
 8848 m in Himalayas
 First Ascent May 29, 1953
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Highest Points
 Himalayas = Mount Everest
 Karakorum = K-2
 HINDU KASH = Tirich Mir
 Communism Peak = Pamir ( Tajik)
 Mount Ararat = Caucasus
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Largest Rivers
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LANDLOCKED COUNTRIES = 12(
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Largest Island
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INTERESTING FACTS ABOUT ASIA
 Uzbekistan is Double Landlocked Country
 Most Bordering Nation in Asia is CHINA
 Sri Lanka /Maldives has no Land Border
 India Borders most Countries in South Asia except Afghanistan
 China and Mongolia shares biggest Border in Asia
 Smallest State in Asia is Maldives
 Second Smallest Singapore
 Equator Passes Through Maldives( Mainland) and Sumatra Islands of Indonesia ,
Borneo Islands
 Borneo islands are divided between Indonesia, Burnei, Malaysia( 3rd Largest in
World and 1st in Asia) 73pc are with Indonesia
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Main Points about Asia
 1st Largest in Asia Arabian Desert ( 2nd largest in World)
 Gobi is 6th Largest Desert in World, 2nd in Asia ( China , Mongolia)
 Dead sea located between Israel and Jordon is World's Lowest Point on
Earth Surface ( -1356feet Below Sea level )
 River Ganga and Brahmaputra makes the Largest Delta of World Between
Bangladesh and India
 Tibetan Platue is highest and largest Platue
 Caspian Sea is largest Saline Water Lake ( Located on Borders of
Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, Iran, Russia and Turkmenistan (TARIK)
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Main Points about Asia
 South China sea is world’s largest Sea
 Lake Baikal ( Russia ) is world’s Deepest Lake
 Largest Dam in the World is Three George Dam located on Yangtaze River
 Highest Dam in the World is Nurek Dam ( Tajikistan0 Vakash River (984 feet
or 300 meters Tall)
 World’s Highest Structure Burj Khalifa is in Dubai ( UAE)
 Borneo Island : Shared By Indonesia, Malaysia , Burnei ( Pacific Ocean)
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South Asia : Important Territories
1- Hong Kong
 Hong-Kong : Chinese Special Administrative Region
 Became British Territory after First Opium War 1841
 British got it leased for 99 Years in 1898
 Japan Occupied it in 2ND World War defeating British Forces here (1941-
1945)
 After Japan’s Surrender: British Regained its Control
 Returned Back to China in 1997 , Will be Run on “ One Country-Two System
Formula for next 5o Years
 Capital : Victoria City
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Territories : Taiwan ( China)
 Old Name Formosa , capital Taipei
 After Chinese Revolution 1949, The Govt. of China fled to Taiwan
 The Main Land China came under power of Communists led by Mao
Zedong ( Peoples’ Republic of China)
 The Republic of China ( Taiwan ) kept Representing Whole China as UNO
until 1971
 One of The largest Exporter of the World
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Territories : Macau
 Leased to Portuguese under Rent in 1557 by Ming Dynasty ( 1557-1887)
 Full Control of Portuguese Under Treaty of Peking 1887 ( 1887-1999)
 Returned back to China in 1999
 Now it is special administrative Unit of China
 12 Deputies are reserved in NPC of china from Macau
 Located in Pearl River Delta 5
 Historistorical centre of is UNESCO WORLD HERITAGE SITE
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2. Africa
2ND MOST POPULATED (12.5 %)
SECOND MOST VAST 20.0 %

TOTAL COUNTRIES : 54 Sovereign
States
 Most Populace : Nigeria , Ethiopia , Egypt , DR Congo , South Africa
 Most Area : Algeria , DR Congo , Sudan , Libya , Chad
 Smallest Country both by Area and Pop : Republic of Seychelles , Capital
Victoria
 Famous Mountain Ranges : Atlas Mountains
 Highest Point ; Mount Kilimanjaro ( Tanzania)
 Lowest Point ; Lake Assal ( Djibouti)
 Famous Deserts : Sahara Desert , Kalahari desert
 Famous Rivers : Nile. Congo , Zambezi
 Longest River; Nile , Zaire (Congo) , Niger, Zambezi
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Africa :
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LAND LOCKED COUNTRIES = 16
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Famous Lakes in Africa
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FAMOUS LAKES
 LAKE TANA ( Ethiopia)
 LAKE TANGIKAKA (Burundi , Zaire , Zambia , Tanzania)
 LAKE VICTORIA (UGANADA , KENYA , TANZANIYA )
 Lake Rudolf ( Kenya. Ethiopia)
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DESERTS IN AFRICA
 The Great Sahara ( Largest in World)
 Libyan Desert
 KALAHRI Desert=( South Africa)
 Numbia ( Sudan )
 Namib ( Namibia)
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INTERESTING FACTS ABOUT AFRICA
 Also Called Dark Continent
 95% of World Diamonds Produce here
 South Africa second largest Exporter of Gold
 Continent with Most Countries
 South Sudan Least Literate Nation
 South Sudan is newsiest independent state in world
 Largest Island of Africa is Madagascar ( Indian Ocean)
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Africa: Important Facts
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WORLD AT A GLANCE
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3. Europe
 Total area = 10 million Miles
 Total Population = 746 millions
 3rd Most Populated
 Second Least Vast
 Highest Point = Mount Elbrus ( Georgia) Caucasus Ranges
 Lowest Point = Caspian Sea
 Total Countries : 44 ( Which are located only in Europe)
 Transcontinental : Russia, Turkey , Azerbaijan , Armenia , Georgia ,
Kazakhstan
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EUROPE
 Most Populated : Russia , Germany , France , UK , Italy
 Largest Countries : Russia , Ukraine , France , Spain , Sweden
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MAP OF EUROPE
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PENENSULAS IN EUROPE
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Peninsulas
 Scandinavian ( Finland, Sweden, Norway ) largest & Most Populace here:
Sweden
 Iberian Peninsula ( Spain , Portugal) Largest Country here : Spain
 Italian Peninsula : ( Italy, Malta ) , Italy is Largest and Most Populace
 Jutland Peninsula : Denmark
 Balkan Peninsula (Albania, Bosnia, Kosovo, North Macedonia,
Montenegro) Partially Included ( Greece, Croatia, Romania, Serbia, Italy,
Slovenia, Turkey ) Largest Bulgaria in the Peninsula.
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Balkan States
 Albania , Croatia , Bosnia , Bulgaria , Greece , Kosovo , Romania ,Serbia
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UK, ENGLAND & GREAT BRITIAN
 The UK is short for The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. It is
a sovereign state , but is made up of four countries; England, Scotland, Wales
and Northern Ireland
 GREAT BRITIAN = Not a Country , name of largest island comprising England,
Scotland & wales
 British Isls : Group of islands in Atlantic , situated away from mainland Europe
 England : One of the Four Countries of UK. It is largest among other in UK I-e
wales & Scotland & Northern Ireland
 Note IRELAND was actually a part of UK but its southern part get separation
from UK in 1922, so became Republic of Ireland ( Northern Ireland still a part of
UK )
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History of UK
 There is a long and complicated history that follows the formation of the United
Kingdom, but here are the highlights:
c. 925 – The Kingdom of England. Established by the unification of Anglo-
Saxon tribes across modern day England.
1536 – Kingdom of England and Wales. A bill enacted by King Henry VIII which
effectively made England and Wales the same country, governed by the same
laws.
1707 – Kingdom of Great Britain. The Kingdom of England (which includes
Wales) joined with the Kingdom of Scotland to form The Kingdom of Great
Britain.
1801 – United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Ireland joins the union, and
once again the name changes.
1922 – United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The Republic of
Ireland (Eire, or ‘Southern Ireland’) withdraws from the union, leaving just the
northern counties of Ireland. This is the UK that remains to this day.
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Baltic States
 Baltic States : Estonian , Latvia , Lithonia
 Largest : Lithonia
 Most Populated : Lithonia
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Nordic Countries
 Iceland , Norway, Sweden, Finland, Denmark
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Benelux Countries
 Belgium , Netherlands, Luxemburg
 Largest : Netherlands
 Most Populace : Netherlands

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Major Rivers
 Volga ( Russia)= Longest in Europe
 Danube ( Germany) = Second Largest
 Famous : Russia ( Don , , , Oka, kama , Ural , Ob , Irtish, )
Rheine ( Germany) , Tiber ( Italy) , Wyne , Spy ( Scotland)
Loire , Seine ( France ), Ebro ( Spain) , Dnieper ( Ukraine) , Elbe (
Switzerland)
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RIVERS OF EUROPE MAP
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Mountain Ranges
 Ural Ranges ( Northern Europe) : Separates Europe & Asia , Highest Point
Mount Narodnaya ( West Russia)
 Caucasus Ranges ( Eastern Europe) Lies Between Black sea & Caspian Sea
: Mount Elbrus ( Russia) Highest Mountain in Europe
 Alps Ranges ( Southern Ranges) : Highest Peak ( Mount Blanc ) Its Highest in
Southern Europe
 Pyrenees Mountains(Western Europe) Highest Peak ANITO (Spain)
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Landlocked Countries In Europe : 16
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CYPRUS
 Island in Mediterranean
 Was Annexed by UK In 1914
 Was granted Independence in 1960
 Country was Home to Greeks(77 p)and Turkish Population (18pc)
 Turkish Population demanded Division
 Divided into Two Parts Now
 Southern Cyprus is a country with Nicosia as its Capital , More Population is
Greek Cypriots
 Northern Cyprus is separate with more Turkish Population Since 1983.
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DOUBLE LANDLOCKED
 Liechtenstein
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IMPORTANT FACTS ABOUT EUROPE
 No Desert in Europe
 Smallest Country by area & Population VATICAN is in Europe
 Caspian Sea is largest Lake of Water ( Divided Between Asia and Russia)
 Belgium , Netherland, Luxemburg located below sea level
 Largest Urbanized Country in Europe : Belgium 98pc in cities
 Golf Originated from Scotland & Cricket from England
 Finland is called the land of Thousands lake( 1,85,000Lakes)
 Turkish City Istanbul is divided between Asia and Europe by Bosporus Strait
 Lake Ladoga is largest lake of Europe. .
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Main Points about Europe
 Vatican is smallest state in World. Located in Italy
 Monaco is smallest Republic located in Europe
 Called Peninsula of Peninsulas : main Peninsulas ( Iberian, Scandinavian,
Balkan, Italian , Jutland Peninsula) : largest Scandinavian.
 I
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PHYSICAL FEATURES OF ASIA , EUROPE AND AFRICA

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PHYSICAL FEATURES OF ASIA , EUROPE AND AFRICA