EXPERT SYSTEMS AND SOLUTIONS Project Center For Research in Power Electronics and Power Systems IEEE 2010 , IEEE 2011 BASED PROJECTS FOR FINAL YEAR STUDENTS OF B.E Email: expertsyssol@gmail.com, Cell: +919952749533, +918608603634 www.researchprojects.info OMR, CHENNAI IEEE based Projects For Final year students of B.E in EEE, ECE, EIE,CSE M.E (Power Systems) M.E (Applied Electronics) M.E (Power Electronics) Ph.D Electrical and Electronics. Training Students can assemble their hardware in our Research labs. Experts will be guiding the projects. EXPERT GUIDANCE IN POWER SYSTEMS POWER ELECTRONICS We provide guidance and codes for the for the following power systems areas. 1. Deregulated Systems, 2. Wind power Generation and Grid connection 3. Unit commitment 4. Economic Dispatch using AI methods 5. Voltage stability 6. FLC Control 7. Transformer Fault Identifications 8. SCADA - Power system Automation we provide guidance and codes for the for the following power Electronics areas. 1. Three phase inverter and converters 2. Buck Boost Converter 3. Matrix Converter 4. Inverter and converter topologies 5. Fuzzy based control of Electric Drives. 6. Optimal design of Electrical Machines 7. BLDC and SR motor Drives

1. EXPERT SYSTEMS AND SOLUTIONS
Email: expertsyssol@gmail.com
expertsyssol@yahoo.com
Cell: 9952749533
www.researchprojects.info
PAIYANOOR, OMR, CHENNAI
Call For Research Projects Final
year students of B.E in EEE, ECE,
EI, M.E (Power Systems), M.E
(Applied Electronics), M.E (Power
Electronics)
Ph.D Electrical and Electronics.
Students can assemble their hardware in our
Research labs. Experts will be guiding the
projects.

2. OPAMP APPLICATIONS
Session-12
PRAKASH BISWAGAR
Asst.Professor, E&C Dept.
RV College of Engg.
Bangalore

3. AGENDA
• Recap
• Active filters
• DAC
• ADC
• Regulators

4. ACTIVE FILTERS
• Filters are frequency selective networks
• Used in Communications
• Can be active or passive

5. CLASSIFICATION OF
FILTERS

6. FILTERS BASED ON
FREQUENCY
(i) Low pass filter (LPF)
(ii) High pass filter (HPF)
(iii) Band pass filter (BPF)
(iv) Band stop filter(BSF)
(v) All pass filter

7. Frequency Response of
filters
• Ideal
• Practical

8. REALIZATION OF FILTERS
1. Butterworth filters
2. Chebyshev filters
3. Elliptic filters
4. Bessel filters

9. BUTTERWORTH FILTERS

10. CHEBYSHER FILTERS

11. BUTTERWORTH FILTERS
• Named after the inventor “BUTTERWORTH”
• No ripple in the pass/stop band
• Have large transition width
• Filter characterized by system transfer
function

12. • Where Pn(S) = Butterworth polynomial
• S = Complex variable = σ +jω
• Order of the polynomial indicates the order of
the filter

13. BUTTERWORTH POLYNOMIALS

14. I-ORDER LPF
BUTTERWORTH TYPE

15. • RC N/W used for filtering action
• R1 & R1’ used for gain adjustment
• OPAMP is configured in non-inverting model

21. D TO A CONVERTERS
DAC Analog o/p
Digital
I/P

22. DAC SPECIFICATIONS
• Resolution
• Linearity
• Accuracy
• Settling time
• Output time

23. Types of DAC
1.Binary weighted DAC
2.R-2R ladder type DAC

24. BINARY WEIGHTED DAC

27. LIMITATIONS OF
BINARY WEIGHTED RESISTORS
(1) As the resolution increases, the resistor value
increases
(2) The accuracy is low, since depends on
resistor values.

28. R-2R LADDER TYPE DAC

29. R-2R LADDER TYPE DAC
• Uses only two values of resistors
• Overcomes the limitations of Binary weighted
DAC
• OPAMP is connected in inverting mode
• Each digital input is applied through R-2R
network and VRef

31. ERRORS IN DAC
1.Linearity error
2.Offset error
3.Gain error

32. ADC’s
• Converts analog signal into digital data
• Used in Data acquisition systems & Digital
instruments etc

33. TYPES OF ADC
1.Counter type ADC
2.Successive approximation ADC
3.Flash or parallel converter type ADC
4.Integrated type ADC’s
(Single slope & dual slope)

34. COUNTER TYPE ADC

35. COUNTER TYPE ADC
• Initially the counter is cleared
• The analog signal is applied to one of the
inputs of the comparator
• Counter o/p is converted into analog, by the
DAC
• The DAC O/P is compared with the incoming
signal
• Conversion stops when digital O/P >Incoming
signal

36. SUCCESSIVE APPROXIMATION
ADC

37. SAR ADC
• Widely used
• Similar to Counter type ADC except that ,a
SAR is used
• SAR acts as programmable Up/Down counter
• Completion of conversion , triggered by a
change in the state of the comparator
• Much faster than the counter type

38. FLASH ADC

39. FLASH ADC
• For n-bit digital word, 2n-1 comparators are
required
• The analog sample is simultaneously applied
to one input of all the comparators
• Other input to the comparator is a DC voltage
derived from the pot. divider N/W

40. QUANTIZATION ERRORS

41. REGULATORS
Block diagram of a RPS

44. CLASSIFICATION OF
REGULATORS

45. BASIC REGULATOR

46. MAIN PARTS OF A
MONOLITHIC REGULATOR
• Reference voltage circuit
• Error Amplifier
• Series pass element

47. PRACTICAL REGULATOR

48. 3-TERMINAL REGULATORS
(FIXED O/P)

49. 3-TERMINAL REGULATORS
(SDJUSTABLE O/P)

50. 3-TERMINAL REGULATOR
(ADJUSTABLE)

52. DESIGN OF V.R.
USING 78XX