Environmental impacts of electrical power generation.

1. Environmental Impacts of
Power Generation
& possible Solutions
Submitted to: Dr. Sunanda Sinha
Submitted by: Saurabh [2017uee1379]

2. Introductio
n
 Electricity generation is a lead contributor to carbon
dioxide emissions that affect the environment.
 In fact, it is expected to be responsible for 76% of the total
emissions by 2035.
 Electric power systems consist of generation plants of
different energy sources, transmission networks, and
distribution lines. Each of these components can have
environmental impacts at multiple stages of their
development and use including in their construction,
during the generation of electricity, and in their
decommissioning and disposal.

3. Energy consumption of
water treatment facilities
 Electrical engineers have begun to infiltrate the
environment sector by researching and developing
innovative ways to transform technologies such as
carbon capturing and water treatment facilities.
 Wastewater system account for approx. 3% to 4% of
energy use in the U.S. and results in the emission of
more than 45 million tons of GHGs.
 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency noted that
saving energy through energy-efficiency improvements
can cost less than generating, transmitting and
distributing energy from power plants in order to treat
water.
The EPA went on to suggest
that the wastewater facilities
can possibly begin to install
anaerobic digesters that
generate methane, which can
then be burned onsite to power
the facility

4. ProducingElectricityfromCoal
A typical coal burning plant hasa
capacity of 500 megawatts (MW),
burns over amillion tons of coal each
year, and produces enough electricity
for about 140,000 people.
BurningCoal in the United States:
• Accounts for about ¼ of the nation’s
total greenhouse gasemissions every
year.
• While carbon dioxide makes up a
majority of greenhouse gasemissions
from coal, methane and nitrous
oxide also play arole.

5. Pulverized
Coal
Furnace
Water
Turbine Electricity
Waste
Air Emissions
A typical 500MW coal burning plant canemit the
following into the air each year:
• 10,000 tons of sulfur dioxide (leading to acid rain)
• 10,000 tons of nitrogen oxide
• 3.7million tons of carbon dioxide
• 500 tons ofsmall particles
• 720tons of carbonmonoxide
• 125,000 tons ofash
• 225pounds of arsenic and 114pounds of lead
Burning coal produces solid waste, totaling over 100million
tons per year. This waste:
• Isoften re-used (over 40%).
• Includesfly ash, bottom ash, boiler slag, and products of
desulpherization.
• Contains toxics including arsenic, cadmium, lead, mercury,
selenium, uranium, thorium, dioxins, and polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbons.
• Often ends up sitting in storage “forever” on the power
plant site, making it vulnerable to leakage, leaching, and
other contamination of the surrounding community.

6. • PerMWh, coal burning produces about 5times asmuch
carbon monoxide, 400 times more particulates, and
2,000 times more sulfur dioxide than burning natural
gas.
• PerMWh, coal burning produces over twice the
greenhouse gasesasnatural gasand up to 100times
more greenhouse gasesthan nuclear and renewable
technologies.
Coal vs. the Rest (Natural
Gas, Nuclear Energy,
Renewables)

7. How to Reduce Emissions (SO2, NOx, Particulate Matter) in Coal-fired Power Plants?

9. Inverter
DC
Electricity
Battery
Semiconductor
PNJunction
Anti-Reflective
Coating
Holesflow
oneway
Electronsflow
theotherway
Solar
Electricity
AirQuality andGreenhouseGas Emissions from Solar Photovoltaic (PV) panels
o Solar PVpower hasZEROGHGemissions andZEROair pollution during use.
o But, PVpower does produceGHGemissions during manufacturing, transport, installation,
decommissioning, and dismantling –about 0.19 pounds of carbon dioxide equivalent
gasesper kWh of energy produced compared to 2 pounds per kWh for burning coal.

10. Water Usage
o Solar PVpower usesno water during regular operation. However, semiconductors used
to make PVpanels consume large amounts of water during manufacturing. Even
when manufacturing is taken into consideration, solar PVplants useabout 0.03
gallons/kWh compared to 0.49 gallons/kWh for burning coal for electricity.
Other Impacts
o Solar PVcells contain quite afew hazardous and toxic materials including arsenic and
cadmium which means they must be disposedof or recycled properly to prevent harm.

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13. “ Progress is impossible without
change, and those who cannot
change their minds cannot
change anything.