The document provides a summary of a 9th standard English study material containing a prose passage titled "Buds to Blossoms" and a poem titled "Laugh and be Merry". It includes comprehension questions for both the prose and the poem. Key details include: - The prose passage is about a young lion who gets lost from his flock and realizes his true nature with the help of an old lion. - The poem encourages the reader to laugh, be merry and proud while one's time on earth is brief. It compares life to dancing, music and a game that ends with death. - Comprehension questions assess the reader's understanding of themes like overcoming limitations, treating others with kindness

1. 1
9th
Std – English – Study Material
Prose-1: Buds to Blossoms
Questions:
1. How did the lion cub join the sheep?
The lion cub chased a butterfly. He lost his way. Soon he fell asleep. When he woke up, he found
himself among a flock of sheep.
2. Why did the old lion take the young one to the pool?
The old lion wanted the young one to realise his true nature.
3. How did the young lion react on seeing his image in the water?
The young lion saw his image. He wondered whether it was his own image.
4. What did Helen Keller and Arjun Bajpal accomplish?
Helen Keller championed the cause of the visually challenged. Arjun Bajpal scaled Mount Everest at a
young age of 16.
5. How should you face the impediments?
Impediments are there to change an ordinary man into an extraordinary man.
6. Why are you indispensable to the world?
Everyone has to play a vital role in the world. We should make our contribution to the world.
7. Why did the girl bring an umbrella?
The girl has strong belief that it would rain after the prayer. So she brought an umbrella.
8. What made the man get suspicious?
The man kept on digging for a week. He couldn’t see the gold. So he got suspicious.
9. Why was the bucket with a hole unhappy?
Every day the bucket with the hole brought home water half full. So it was unhappy.
10. How are you unique?
Every one of us has unique personality. No one can be exactly like us. So we are unique.
11. The present moment is a gift – explain
The present moment is blessing. It is in our hand. So we must use it usefully.
12. How can you make this world a better place to live in?
We should understand our true nature. We should bring out the good already in us. We must act as an
instrument making the world happy.
Paragraph Questions:
1. What message do you get from the story of the young lion?
The message I get from the story:
Some time we do not realise our potential owing to faulty conditions.
We must realise our true nature and our potentials.
Our potentials should not be bounded by the surroundings.
We should break free from such limitations and prove what we are.
We have unique personality and we must achieve something.
2. Are you conditioned by your circumstances? Justify your response.
Yes, I am conditioned by my circumstances. I come from a village. My parents are illiterates. They
have to go for work early in the morning. I have to prepare myself to school. So I couldn’t study well. After
learning this lesson I found that I can overcome these circumstances. I will use the time usefully. I will
study my lessons regularly. I will achieve something in my life.
3. List out the steps that you should follow to reach your goal.
We have 24 hours a day.
I will use the time usefully.
I will not care for the past and future.
The present moment is blessing.
I will not postpone my duties.
I will dream big and will work for it.
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2. 2
Poem-1: Laugh and be Merry
Laugh and be merry, remember, better the world with a
song.
sqvqk<K!lgqp<sqbig!-Vr<gt<?!-f<k!dzjg!yV!himOziM!
fqjeU!%Vr<gt<!
Better the world with a blow in the teeth of a wrong kuXgtqe<!hqcgTg<G!sUg<gc!ogiMk<K!-u<Uzjg!fz<z!
dzglig!lix<Xr<gt<!
Laugh for the time is brief a thread the length of a span gizl<!F~zqjp!Ohie<X!GXgqbK!we<hkiz<!sqvqBr<gt<!
Laugh and be proud to belong to the old proud pageant
of man
hpjlbie!ohVjlg<Gvqb!leqk!n{quGh<hqz<!fiLl<!yV!
hGkq!we<hK!Gxqk<K!sqvqk<K!ohVjlogit<Ouil</!!!
!
Laugh and be merry, remember, in olden time sqvqk<K!lgqPr<gt<!hpr<gizk<jk!fqjeU!%Vr<gt<!
God made Heaven and Earth for joy He took in a rhyme, gmUt<!osiv<gk<jkBl<!H,lqjbBl<!yV!-jsObiM!hjmk<kie<!
Made them, and filled them full with the strong red wine of His
mirth
njugjt!hjmk<K?!nuEjmb!lgqp<s<sqbqe<!nkqsquh<hie!
kqvim<js!vsk<kiz<!fqvh<hqeie<!
The splendid joy of the stars, the joy of the earth. uq{<lQe<gtqe<!npgie!lgqp<s<sq!H,lqbqe<!lgqp<s<sq"!
!
So we must laugh and drink from the deep blue cup of
the sky
weOu!fil<!sqvqk<K!lgqp<f<K!fQzfqx!Ngibg<Ogih<jhbqzqVf<K!
hVGOuil</!
Join the jubilant song of the great stars sweeping by, uieuqkqbqz<!fgv<f<K!osz<Zl<!uq{<lQe<gtqe<!
oux<xqh<himz<gOtiM!Osv<f<K!hiMOuil</!
Laugh and battle, and work, and drink of the wine
outpoured
sqvqh<Ohil<?!OhiviMOuil<?!h{qosb<Ouil<?!upqf<OkiMl<!kqvim<js!
vsk<jk!hVGOuil<!
In the dear green earth, the sign of the joy of the Lord. gmUTjmb!lgqp<sqbqe<!njmbitlie!flK!ne<Hg<Gvqb!
hSjlbie!H,lqbqz<?!!
!
Laugh and be merry together, like brothers akin, yOv!likqvqbie!sOgikvv<gjth<Ohiz!ye<xig!sqvqk<K!lgqp<Ouil<!
Guesting awhile in the rooms of a beautiful inn, Npgie!sk<kqvk<kqe<)H,lq*!njxgtqz<!sqxqK!Ofvl<!
-jth<hixqg<ogi{<cVg<gqOxil<!!
Glad till the dancing stops, and the lilt of music ends, -f<k!fmel<)uip<g<jg*!LcBl<!ujv?!-f<k!-jsbqe<!kitl<!
LcBl<!ujv!lgqp<sqbig!-Vh<Ohil</!
Laugh till the game is played, and be you merry, my
friends.
-f<k!uqjtbim<M!uqjtbic!LcBl<!ujv!sqvqBr<gt<!
lgqp<sqbig!-Vr<gt<!weK!f{<hv<gOt"!
Poem Comprehension:
1. Laugh and be merry, remember, better the world with a song.
Better the world with a blow in the teeth of a wrong
a) How should we remember the world?
We should remember the world with a song.
b) How should we deal with a wrong?
We should fight against the wrong.
c) How can we make the world better place to live in?
We must fight against the injustice and make the world a better place to live in.
2. Laugh for the time is brief a thread the length of a span
Laugh and be proud to belong to the old proud pageant of man
a) What does the poet say about the life?
Our life in the earth is brief. It is like a thread.
b) Why should we be proud?
We belong to the old proud human race. So we must be proud.
c) What is man’s span of life compared to?
It is compared to a short thread.
3. God made Heaven and Earth for joy He took in a rhyme,
Made them, and filled them full with the strong red wine of His mirth
a) Who made heaven and earth?
God made heaven and earth.
b) What did he fill the heaven and earth with?
He filled the heaven and earth with the strong wine of his joy.
c) What did God feel when He created the earth?
He is very happy when He created the earth.
4. So we must laugh and drink from the deep blue cup of the sky
Join the jubilant song of the great stars sweeping by,
a) What is the deep blue cup?
Sky is the deep blue cup.
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3. 3
b) Who sings the song?
The stars sing the song.
5. Laugh and battle, and work, and drink of the wine outpoured
In the dear green earth, the sign of the joy of the Lord.
a) How should one live in this earth?
One should laugh, fight against injustices, work hard and be happy.
b) Which is the sign of the joy of the Lord?
The green earth is the sign of the joy of lord.
6. Laugh and be merry together, like brothers akin,
Guesting awhile in the rooms of a beautiful inn,
a) How should we live in this earth?
We should laugh, be happy and live together like brothers.
b) What is the ‘inn’?
The beautiful world is the ‘inn’.
c) Who are the ‘guests’ and where do they stay?
People are the guests. They stay in the earth.
d) How should man treat his fellow beings?
Man should treat his fellow beings like brothers.
7. Glad till the dancing stops, and the lilt of music ends,
Laugh till the game is played, and be you merry, my friends.
a) What is the life on the earth is compared to?
Life on the earth is compared to dancing, music and a game.
b) When is the music end?
The music of life ends in our death.
c) How should we live till the music end?
We should laugh and be happy till the end of our life.
d) What is the game referred to here?
Life on the earth is the game.
Appreciation Questions:
1. Laugh and be merry, remember, better the world with a song.
Better the world with a blow in the teeth of a wrong
Laugh for the time is brief a thread the length of a span
Laugh and be proud to belong to the old proud pageant of man
a) Pick out the rhyming words?
Song – wrong, span – man.
b) What is the rhyming scheme used here?
‘a a b b’ is the rhyming scheme used here.
Rhyming words g{<Mhqch<hK!wh<hc@!!
• himz<!uvqgtqe<!gjmsq!uiv<k<jkgjt!dx<X!Ofig<Gr<gt</!!
• yOv!likqvqbie!ds<svqh<jhg<!ogi{<Mt<t!uiv<k<jkgjt!wMk<K!wPKr<gt</!!!!
!!!!!!wMk<Kg<gim<mig! Lkz<! ncbqz<! dt<t! song–Bl<! -v{<mil<! ncbqz<! dt<t! wrong.Bl<! yOv!
likqvqbie!ds<svqh<jhg<!ogi{<Mt<te/!nMk<K!&e<xil<!ncbqz<!dt<t!span.l<!fie<gil<!ncbqz<!dt<t!
man.l<!yOv!likqvqbie!ds<svqh<jhg<!ogi{<Mt<te!!
!
!!!!!!weOu!-f<k!himz<!uvqgtqz<!Rhyming words: song-wrong lx<Xl< span-man NGl</
Rhyming scheme g{<Mhqch<hK!wh<hc@!!
• himz<!uvqgtqe<!gjmsq!uiv<k<jkgjt!dx<X!Ofig<Gr<gt</!!
• Lkz<!ncbqz<!uVl<!song.J!a weg<!ogit<g/!!
• -v{<mil<!ncbqz<!uVl<!wrong!Lkz<!ncbqz<!dt<t!song!Ohie<Ox!dt<tK/!weOu!nkjeBl<!a!weg<!
ogit<g!
• &e<xil<!ncbqz<!uVl<!span.J!b!weg<!ogit<g/!!
• fie<gil<!ncbqz<!uVl<!man &e<xil<<!ncbqz<!dt<t!span!Ohie<Ox!dt<tK/!weOu!nkjeBl<!b weg<!
ogit<g/!
!!!
!!njek<jkBl<!Osv<k<K!wPk!aabb!we!uVgqxK/!nKOu!Rhyming scheme NGl</
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4. 4
Some important Poetic devices:
1. Simile : A simile is a direct comparison. It is introduced by words ‘like’ and ‘as’. A comparison is made
between two objects of different kinds but have at least one point in common. (Simile!we<hK!-v{<M!
liXhm<m! ohiVm<gjt! Ofvcbig! yh<hqMuK/! Neiz<! nju! -v{<cx<Gl<! -jmOb! WOkEl<! yV!
yx<Xjl!-Vg<Gl</!-kqz<!yh<hqmh<!hbe<hMl<!uiv<k<jkgt<!‘like’ lx<Xl< ‘as’ NGl<*!
Ex. (1) He is like a Lion in battle. - Ohivqz<!nue<!yV!sqr<gk<jkh<!Ohie<xue<</!!
(2) The reddest flower would look as pale as snow.
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!squf<k!H,g<gTl<!%m!heqg<gm<c!Ohie<X!outqxqh<Ohib<!gi{h<hMgqe<xe/!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!)‘Ohie<x’!we<x!uiv<k<jk!-r<G!hbe<hMk<kh<hm<Mt<tK*
2. Metaphor : A Metaphor is an indirect comparison. In this comparison only one side is mentioned.
(Metaphor! we<hK! -v{<M! liXhm<m! ohiVm<gjt! ljxLglig! yh<hqMuK/! Neiz<! nju!
-v{<cx<Gl<!-jmOb!WOkEl<!yV!yx<Xjl!-Vg<Gl</!Yh<hqmh<hMl<!ohiVm<gtqz<!WOkEl<!ye<xqje!
lm<Ml<!lqjgh<hMk<kq!osiz<ukiGl<*!
Ex. (1) He is a Lion in battle. Ohivqz<!nue<!yV!sqr<gl</!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!(2) She is coal dark. nut<!fqzg<gvq!gVh<H/!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!)‘Ohie<x’!we<x!uiv<k<jk!-z<zilOzOb!yh<hqmh<hm<Mt<tK*!
3. Personification : Personification is investing non-living things with human qualities.
(leqkh<!h{<Hgjt!dbqvx<x!ohiVm<gt<!lQK!Wx<xqs<!osiz<uK/*!!
Ex. (1) The world is happy. dzgl<!lgqp<f<kK/!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!)lgqp<s<sq!we<x!leqk!h{<H!dzgk<kqe<!lQK!Wx<xqs<!osiz<zh<hm<cVg<gqxK/*!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!)3*The cloud’s my kin. Olgl<!we<!osif<kl<!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!)‘osif<kl<’ we<hK!leqk!h{<H/!Olgk<kqx<G!osif<k!hf<kl<!gqjmbiK/!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!‘osif<kl<’ we<x!leqkh<h{<H!Olgk<kqe<!lQK!Wx<xqs<!osiz<zh<hm<cVg<gqxK/*!
4. Alliteration – It is the repetition of the initial consonant sounds in a single line.
olb<obizqbqz<!okimr<Ggqe<x!uiv<k<jkgt<!yOv!uvqbqz<!uVuK/!
Ex. Old age and youth alike mistaught and misfed
2. ‘Laugh for the time is brief a thread the length of a span’ – What is the figure of speech used here?
Metaphor
3. Laugh till the game is played – Find out the figure of speech.
Metaphor
4. Life is like a game – Find out the figure of speech.
Simile
5. The splendid joy of the stars, the joy of the earth – Find out the figure of speech.
Personification
6. Deep blue cup of the sky – Find out the figure of speech.
Metaphor
7. Merry together like brothers akin – Find out the figure of speech.
Simile
8. Guesting awhile in the rooms of a beautiful inn – Find out the figure of speech.
Metaphor
9. So we must laugh and drink from the deep blue cup of the sky – Find out the words that are alliterated.
Drink - Deep
10. Join the jubilant song of the great stars sweeping by – Find out the words that are alliterated.
Join – Jubilant
11. Laugh and be proud to belong to the old proud pageant of man – Find out the words that are alliterated.
Proud – Pageant
12. Laugh till the game is played, and be you merry, my friends – Find out the words that are alliterated.
Merry – My
Paragraph:
1. Write an appreciation of the poem “Laugh and be Merry” in about 100 words.
The poet asks us to live a happy life through this poem. Our life on the earth is brief. It is like a short
thread. So we must sing happily, fight against the injustice, laugh and be merry. We belong to the old proud
human race. So we must be proud. God created Heaven and Earth for joy. He poured the wine of his joy on
them. We must drink the wine and be happy. The world is like a beautiful inn. We are the travelers. So we
should live together like brothers and live a happy life.
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5. 5
SP-1: A Man who had no eyes
Choose the best Answer
1. Mr. Parsons was standing in front of a ………….
a) house b) hotel c) park d) theatre
2. The beggar tried to sell a …….. to Mr. Parsons.
a) cigar packet b) ash tray c) cigarette lighter d) match box
3. Mr. Parsons paid ………. Dollars to the beggar.
a) two half b) two c) three half d) three
4. Mr.Parsons wanted to give the article to ………
a) his friend b) his servant c) the beggar d) the elevator boy.
5. Mr. Parsons and Markwardt lost their vision in a ……….
a) fire accident b) chemical accident c) road mishap d) bomb blast.
Arranging the Sentences in meaningful order:
1. The beggar wanted to extract more money using his handicap.
2. Mr. Parsons purchased the article to help the beggar out.
3. A beggar came down the avenue to sell some article.
4. The beggar fumbled the article into Mr.Parsons’ hand.
5. Mr. Parsons pitied the blind beggar.
Matching:
1. Mr. Parsons - the elevator boy
2. Mr. Markwardt - took away their eye sight.
3. Westbury - a blind beggar
4. Cigarette lighter - Owner of a hotel
5. Chemical explosion - chemical explosion
Comprehension Questions:
1. Who came when Mr. Parsons emerged from his hotel?
A blind beggar came when Mr. Parsons
emerged from his hotel.
2. How was the beggar?
The beggar was shaggy. He was blind.
3. Where was Mr. Parsons standing?
Mr. Parson was standing in front of his hotel.
4. What was the article the blind beggar wanted to sell?
It was a cigarette lighter.
5. Does Mr. Parsons smoke?
No, Mr. Parsons does not smoke.
6. How much Mr. Parsons paid for cigarette lighter?
He paid two half dollars for cigarette lighter.
7. To whom he wanted to give the cigarette lighter?
He wanted to give the cigarette lighter to the
elevator boy.
8. Why did the blind beggar want to tell his storey?
He wanted to get more money from Mr.
Parsons.
9. What was the disaster took place in Westbury?
A chemical explosion took place in Westbury.
10. How many people were killed and injured in the
disaster?
Eight people were killed and 200 people were
injured.
11. Where was the blind man working when the
accident took place?
The blind man was working in the C shop in
Westbury.
12. Where did Mr. Parson lost his eye sight?
Mr. Parson lost his eye sight in a chemical
explosion occurred in Westbury.
13. Who climbed over Mr. Parsons when he try to
escape from the explosion.
Mr. Markwardt (the blind beggar) climbed
over Mr. Parsons.
14. Both Mr. Parsons and Mr. Markwardt are blind –
State whether the statement is true or false.
True.
15. Which character do you like most – Mr. Parsons or
Mr. Markwardt? Why?
I like Mr. Parsons. He worked hard to rebuild
his life after the incident. He rose to a good
position even though he was a blind. That’s why
he became an owner of a hotel.
Paragraph Question:
1. Narrate the story of Mr. Parson.
Mr. Parson was standing in front of his hotel.
A blind man came there. He looks like a beggar.
He wants to sell a cigarette lighter. Mr. Parsons
does not smoke. But he bought it for the elevator
boy. He paid two half dollars for the cigarette
lighter. The blind man told his story. He lost his
eye sight in a chemical explosion in Westbury. At
last he knew that Mr. Parsons also lost his eye
sight in the same accident. Now he is the owner of
the hotel because of his hard work.
Answers:
1. Hotel
2. Cigarette lighter
3. Two half
4. The elevator boy
5. Chemical accident
Answer:
1.A beggar came down the avenue to sell some article.
2.Mr. Parsons pitied the blind beggar.
3.The beggar fumbled the article into Mr.Parsons’ hand.
4.Mr. Parsons purchased the article to help the beggar out
5.The beggar wanted to extract more money using his
handicap.
Answers:
1. Mr. Parsons - Owner of a hotel
2. Mr. Markwardt - a blind beggar
3. Westbury - chemical explosion
4. Cigarette lighter - the elevator boy
5. Chemical explosion - took away their eye sight.
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6. 6
Lesson-1: Vocabulary and Grammar
Synonyms:
Choose most appropriate synonyms of the italicized words from the 4 alternatives given
sib<U!wPk<Kgtqz<!-Vg<Gl<!yu<ouiV!uiIk<jkg<Gl<!nkx<G!-j{bie!nv<k<kl<!ogi{<m!uiv<k<jkjb!g{<Mhqc!
1. Do not get disheartened by the challenges along the way.
a) dissatisfied b) excited c) discouraged d) upset
2. Some of you may have set your own convictions.
a) beliefs b) ideas c) priorities d) objectives
3. The king summoned his subjects for mass prayer.
a) dictated b) ordered c) gathered d) called
4. A little suspicion started nagging him.
a) distressing b) pleasing c) stopping d) warning
5. Everyone has an indispensable role to play in this world.
a) short b) essential c) major d) clear
Antonyms:
Choose most appropriate synonyms of the italicized words from the 4 alternatives given
sib<U!wPk<Kgtqz<!-Vg<Gl<!yu<ouiV!uiIk<jkg<Gl<!nkx<G!-j{bie!nv<k<kl<!ogi{<m!uiv<k<jkjb!g{<Mhqc
1. Always commence your work with faith.
a) conclude b) continue c) complete d) start
2. All the sheep panicked and ran away.
a) cried b) calmed c) scattered d) threatened
3. Take pride in your individual nature.
a) joy b) honour c) humility d) pity
4. A village was affected by drought.
a) summer b) winter c) floods d) famine
5. Remember that you are unique.
a) special b) simple c) different d) common
Prefix and Suffix
Attach suitable prefixes to the highlighted word (uivk<jkg<G!Le<eiz<!!
sqX!njsgjt!Osv<h<hK Prefix!NGl<*!!!! (dis, tri, un, bi, in, fore, im)
1. She looked at me in __belief.
2. It is __possible for a dog to fly.
3. She is ___obedient.
4. The patient is still __conscious.
5. Coming late to a meeting is a __honour for the members.
6. __prove yourself with soft skills.
7. The Scientists ___told the impending danger.
8. As he was a handicapped person, he drove a __cycle.
9. Punishments will be given for ___discipline.
10. We were pained at her __regard
11. __fold the paper in this way.
12. The women rose against the __justice, he has done.
Attach suitable suffixes to the highlighted words. (uivk<jkg<G!hqe<eiz<!!
sqXnjsgjt!Osv<h<hK Suffix!NGl< (ly, ful, ment, ion, ous, ise, ity, ness, able)
1. The dogs fought ferocious__.
2. It was potential__ dangerous situation.
3. You gave me a success__ plan.
4. She looks there in astonish__.
5. It is a reason__ price.
6. He saw his reflect__ in the water.
7. It is real__ wonderful.
8. Our teacher insists punctual__.
9. Everyone admired his human__.
10. He is personal__ known to me.
11. Visual__ your dream and work for it.
12. We appreciated his great__.
Answers:
Words Synonyms
Disheartened - Discouraged
Convictions - Beliefs
Summoned - Called
Nagging - Distressing
Indispensable - Essential
Answers:
Words Antonyms
commence x conclude
panicked x Calmed
pride x Humility
drought x Floods
unique x Common
Answers:
1. Belief – disbelief
2. Possible – impossible
3. Obedient – disobedient
4. Conscious – unconscious
5. Honour – dishonour
6. Prove – improve
7. Told – foretold
8. Cycle – tricycle
9. Discipline – indiscipline
10. Regard – disregard
11. Fold – unfold
12. Justice – injustice
Answers:
1. ferocious – ferociously
2. potential – potentially
3. success – successful
4. astonish – astonishment
5. reason – reasonable
6. reflect – reflection
7. real – really
8. punctual – punctuality
9. human – humanity
10. personal – personally
11. visual – visualise
12. great – greatness
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7. 7
Homophones (Similar sounding words):
Fill in the blanks with suitable word choosing from the pairs given in brackets.
(Homophones we<hK!yOv!ds<svqh<jhg<ogi{<m!spelling lx<Xl<!nv<k<kl<!OuXhm<m!-v{<M!osix<gtiGl</*!
Hair )Lc*! Hare )Lbz<* Meet )sf<kqh<H* Meat )-jxs<sq*
Know )okvqBl<* No )-z<jz* Some )sqz* Sum )%Mkz<*
Hear )Ogt<* Here )-r<Og* Price )uqjz* Prize )hvqS*
Our )wr<gTjmb* Hour )l{q* New )Hkqb* Knew )okvqf<kK*
Buy )uir<G* By )Nz<* See )hiv<* Sea )gmz<*
Sail )hb{l<osb<* Sale )uqx<XuqM* Two )-v{<M* Too )nKUl<%m*
1. The driver applied the hand ………. to stop the car. (break / brake)
2. The hungry lion went in search of its ……. (pray / prey)
3. The …….. is pleasant today. (whether / weather)
4. Sundar ate the …….. cake yesterday. (hole / whole)
5. My uncle ……… a strange sound last night. (herd / heard)
Phrasal verbs
Group of words, which is different in meaning, is called Phrasal Verbs. It can not be interpreted word by
word. It functions as a single word. yV!uqjes<osiz<Zl<!(verb) OuX!yV!-jms<!osiz<Zl<!(preposition
or adverb) -j{f<K!Hkqb!nv<k<kk<jkg<!ogiMk<kiz<!nK!%m<M!uqjes<osiz<ziGl<!(phrasal verb)
It can be – Verb + Adverb. (or) Verb + preposition (or) Verb + adverb + Preposition
Phrasal
verbs
Meaning in English Meaning in tamil Usage
Look up Search OkMkz<! I will look up the dictionary for the meaning of this word.
Looked into Examine Nb<Uosb<kz<! The officer looked into the matter.
Reeled off Recite, repeat Yh<Huqk<kz<!! He reeled off lines after lines.
Put off postpone yk<kqjuk<kz<! They put off the match.
Take after resemble yk<kqVk<kz<! He takes after his mother.
Look after Take care of gueqk<kz<! The mother looks after the baby.
Went on Going on okimv<s<sqbig! The telephone went on ringing.
Hit on Discover g{<Mhqck<kz<! He hit on a brilliant idea.
Give up Abandon jguqM?!uqm<MuqM! I give up smoking
Get back Return kqVh<hqg<ogiM! I get back my book from him
Put on Wear n{qf<Kogit<! I put on my new shirt
Call off Cancel fQg<gl<!osb<kz<! The manager will call off the meeting.
Get through Pass Okv<s<sqbjmkz<! He got through the entrance examination
Dealt with Managed slitqk<kz<! The lawyer dealt with the case cleverly.
Call off Cancel vk<Kosb<! They call off the meeting.
Get back Recover lQ{<M!ui! Ragu got back from injuries soon.
Get on Make progress Le<oeMk<Ks<osz<! I want you to get on with your work.
Keep on Continue okimv<f<K!osb<! The mason keeps on building the house.
Set out Start okimr<G! They set out a journey to Germany next month.
Exercises: Replace the underlined words with suitable phrasal verbs.
1. The mother raises her 5 children.
a) brings up b) brings in c) brings about
2. The Children must be raised with love and care.
a) brought up b) brought in c) brought about
3. She gets Rs.500 per month.
a) brings up b) brings in c) brings about
4. The south-west monsoon will get lots of rain.
a) bring up b) bring in c) bring about
5. His foolish habits will definitely cause a big loss.
a) bring up b) bring in c) bring about
6. We are trying to make happen a change in politics.
a) bring up b) bring in c) bring about
7. The president distributed the prizes.
a) gave away b) gave up c) give in
8. You must stop your bad habits.
a) give away b) give up c) give in
9. They surrendered when they were outnumbered.
a) give away b) give up c) give in
10. Please see the picture in the blackboard.
a) look at b) look into c) look through
Answers:
1. Brake )hqOvg<?!kjm*
2. Prey )-jv*
3. weather )km<houh<hl<*
4. whole )LP*
5. heard )Ogm<miv<*
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8. 8
11. The sub inspector will examine the matter soon.
a) look at b) look into c) look through
12. I read quickly the book.
a) look at b) look into c) look through
13. Please hand over the sugar.
a) pass on b) pass by c) pass away
14. The pilgrims passed over the forest without any fear.
a) passed on b) passed by c) passed away
15. His grandmother died last week.
a) passed on b) passed by c) passed away
16. They postponed the match.
a) put off b) put in c) put up
17. Many people applied for the job.
a) put off b) put in c) put up
18. They were lodged in an old building.
a) put off b) put in c) put up
Answers:
1. raises – brings up )utv<k<kz<*!! 7. distributed – gave away )ntqkkiv<* 13. hand over – pass on )ogiM*
2. raised – brought up )utv<k<kz<*! 8. stop – give up )uqm<MuqM* 14. pass over – passed by )gm*
3. gets – brings in )ogi{<MuVkz<*!9. surrendered – give in )uqm<MogiM* 15. died – passed away )-xf<kiv<*
4. get – bring in )ogi{<MuVkz<*! 10. see – look at )hiv<* 16. postponed – put off )kt<tqju*
5. cause – bring about )uqjtuq*! 11. examine – look into )Nb<kz<* 17. applied – put in )uq{<{h<hq*
6. make happen – bring about ! 12. read quickly – look through )Ofig<G* 18. lodged – put up )-V*
Singular & Plural:
yVjlbqz<!(singular) ogiMg<gh<hm<mjk!he<jlbqz<!(Plural) lix<xq!wPkOu{<Ml</!!
-kx<G!gQp<g{<m!uqkqgjt!hqe<hx<xzil</!
is!.z<!Lcf<kiz<!nkx<G!hkqzig es!we!lix<xq!wPK/!Ex. crisis – crises.
um!.z<!Lcf<kiz<!nkx<G!hkqzig a!we!lix<xq!wPK/!Ex. Medium – Media.
a!.z<!Lcf<kiz<!nkx<G!hkqzig ae!we!lix<xq!wPK/!Ex. formula – formulae.
us!.z<!Lcf<kiz<!nkx<G!hkqzig i!we!lix<xq!wPK/!Ex. locus – loci.
oo -uf<kiz<!nkx<G!hkqzig ee!we!lix<xq!wPK!Ex. Tooth – teeth
x -uf<kiz<!nkx<G!hkqzig ces!we!lix<xq!wPK!Ex. Matrix – matrices
)lx<xhc!ohiKuig!plural-Ng!lix<Xl<!OhiK!noun-dme<‘s, es’!Osv<g<g!Ou{<Ml<*!
!
uqkquqzg<Ggt<!
1. sheep, cattle, deer, , aircraft, , swine!Ngqbux<Xg<G!singular, plural!ye<Ox/!
2. spectacles, news, means, premises, species, corps –Ngqbux<Xg<G!singular, plural!ye<Ox!
3. OuXsqz!uiv<k<jkgTg<G!hqe<uVliX!lix<xzil</!man – men, woman – women, child – children.
4. OlZl<!sqz!wMk<Kg<gim<Mgt<;!son in law – sons in law, Commander-in-chief – Commanders-in-chief
Man-of-war – Men-of-war, passer-by – Passers-by, Inspecter-general – Inspecters-general
Exercises:
1. What is the plural of the word ‘nucleus’? a) nuclei b) nucleuss c) nucleuses
2. What is the plural of the word ‘bacillus’? a) bacilluses b) bacillies c) bacilli
3. What is plural form of ‘datum’? a) datas b) data c) datums
4. What is the plural form of ‘crisis’? a) crisise b) crisista c) crises
5. What is the plural form of ‘radius’? a) radiuses b) radii c) radis
6. What is the plural form of ‘tooth’.? a) teeth b) tooths c) toothe
7. Give plural for ‘sheep’? a) sheeps b) sheepes c) sheep
8. Write the plural for ‘medium’?. a) mediums b) medias c) media
9. What is the plural of the word ‘axis’? a) axises b) axes c) axii
10. What is the plural form of ‘analysis’? a) analyses b) analyss c) analyx
11. What is the plural form of ‘thesis’? a) thesi b) theses c) thesises
12. What is the plural form of ‘basis’? a) basises b) basis c) bases
13. What is the plural form of ‘fungus’? a) funguis b) fungi c) fungais
14. What is the plural form of ‘index’? a) indexes b) indices c) indis
15. What is the plural form of ‘vortex’? a) vortices b) vortexes c) vorteses
16. What is the plural form of ‘phenomenon’? a) phenomena b) phenomenea c) phenomenons
17. What is the plural form of ‘formula’? a) formulas b) formulea c) formulae
18. What is the plural form of ‘son-in-law’? a) son-in-laws b) sons-in-law c) sons-in-lawses
19. What is the plural form of ‘man-of-war’? a) mans-of-war b) men-of-war c) man-of-wars
20. What is the plural form of ‘passer-by’? a) passers-by b) passer-bys c) passers-bys
21. What is the plural form of ‘woman’? a) womans b) weman c) women
22. What is the plural form of ‘scenery’? a) sceneries b) scenery c) scenerieses
23. What is the plural form of ‘stationary’? a) stationary b) stationaries c) stationarys
24. What is the plural form of ‘luggage’? a) luggages b) luggage c) luggies
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9. 9
25. What is the plural form of ‘deer’? a) deers b) deerses c) deer
26. What is the plural form of ‘swine’? a) swine b) swines c) swina
27. What is the plural form of ‘information’? a) informations b) information c) informina
28. What is the plural form of ‘news’? a) news b) newses c) newsins
29. What is the plural form of ‘Inspector-General’?
a) Inspector-generals b) Inspectors-general c) Inspectors-generals
30. What is the plural form of ‘commander-in chief’?
a) commanders-in-chiefs b) commanders-in-chief c) commander-in-chiefs
Answers:
1. nucleus - nuclei
2. bacillus – bacilli
3. datum – data
4. crisis – crises
5. radius – radii
6. tooth - teeth
7. sheep – sheep
8. medium – media
9. axis – axes
10. analysis – analyses
11. thesis – theses
12. basis – bases
13. fungus - fungi
14. index – indices
15. vortex – vortices
16. phenomenon – phenomena
17. formula – formulae
18. son-in-law - sons-in-law
19. man-of-war - men-of-war
20. passer-by - passers-by
21. woman – women
22. scenery – scenery
23. stationary – stationary
24. luggage – luggage
25. deer – deer
26. swine – swine
27. information - information
28. news – news
29. Inspector-General -
Inspectors-general
30. commander-in chief
- commanders-in-chief
Preposition:
-ms<osix<gt<!OlOz?!gQOp?!dt<Ot?!outqOb!Ohie<xju!Prepositions NGl</!
No Prepositions Example sentence Tamil meaning
1 In )dt<Ot* The ball is in the box nf<k!hf<K!ohm<cbqe<!dt<Ot!-Vg<gqxK/
2 To )g<G* I went to trichy last night fie<!Ofx<X!-vU!kqVs<sqg<Gs<!ose<Oxe</!
3 On )OlOz* The book is on the table nf<k!Hk<kgl<!Oljbqe<!Olz<!-Vg<gqxK/!
4 At )g<Gt<* Our head office is at Madurai flK!kjzjl!nZuzgl<!lKjvbq<z<!-Vg<gqxK/!
5 Up )OlOz* Balu went up the hill hiZ!ljzbqe<<!OlOz!Wxqeie</!
6 By )Nz<* This chair is made by our carpenter -f<k!fix<gizq!flK!ks<sviz<!osb<bh<hm<mK/!
7 For )g<gig* This pencil is for my sister -f<k!ohe<sqz<!we<!sOgikvqg<gig!-Vg<gqxK/!
8 Near )nVgqz<* Our house is very near to our school. wr<gt<!uQM!ht<tqg<G!nVgqz<!dt<tK!
9 Over )OlOz* Birds fly over the tree hxjugt<!nf<k!lvk<Kg<G!OlOz!hxg<gqe<xe/!
10 Upon )lQK* The tree fell upon me nf<k!lvl<!we<!lQK!uqPf<K!uqm<mK/!
11 Under )gQp<* The ball is under the table nf<k!hf<K!Oljbqe<!ncbqz<!dt<tK/!
12 Above )OlOz* God is above to all gmUt<!njek<Kg<Gl<!OlOz!-Vg<gqxiv</!
13 Along )upqbig* Ram walked along the railway track vil<!-vbqz<!hijkbqe<!upqbig!ose<xie</!
14 Across )GXg<Og*
The government built a bridge
across the river
nvS!nf<k!Nx<xqe<!GXg<Og!hizl<!gm<cbK/!
15 Of ).g<gie?!djmb* This is a school of fine arts -K!F{<gjzgTg<gie!gz<uqg<%ml/<!
16 Off )fqXk<K* The teacher switched off the light Nsqvqbv<!nf<k!uqtg<jg!nj{k<kiv</!
17 About )hx<xq* Nobody knows about Gandhiji. gif<kqjbh<!hx<xq!biVg<Gl<!okvqbuqz<jz/!
18
Among
)nuv<gTg<gqjmOb*
They discussed among themselves. nuv<gt<!nuv<gTg<gqjmOb!djvbiceiv<gt</!
19 Between )fMuqz<*
The teacher is standing between
Ramu and Somu
Nsqvqbv<!viLUg<Gl<!OsiLg<Gl<!fMuqz<!
fqe<xiv</!
20 Before )Le<*
You should enter the class before
the bell
fQr<gt<!l{qbch<hkx<G!Le<ekig!uGh<Hg<Gt<!
Fjpf<K!uqm!Ou{<Ml<!
21 Behind )hqe<eiz<*
The boy always stands behind his
mother
nf<k!jhbe<!wh<OhiKl<!nue<!kibqe<!
hqe<eiOzOb!fqx<gqxie</!
22 Back )hqe<eiz<* Go back hqe<eiz<!osz</!
23 In front of )Le<eiz<* He stands in front of me nue<!weg<G!Le<eiz<!fqx<gqxie</!
24 Since )zqVf<K*
We are studying in this school
since 1999
fil<!-f<k!ht<tqbqz<!2:::zqVf<K!hck<Kg<!
ogi{<cVg<gqOxil</!
25 Down )gQOp* Get down from the stairs hcbqzqVf<K!gQOp!-xr<G!
26 Below )ncbqz<* Answer the questions below ncbqz<!gi[l<!uqeig<gTg<G!hkqz<!ntq!
27 After )hqxG* Meet me after your meals deK!d{Ug<G!hqxG!we<je!sf<kq/!
28 Into )dt<Tg<Gt<* The Tiger fell into the well. Hzq!gq{x<Xg<Gt<!uqPf<kK/!
29 From )-Vf<K*
These questions were asked from
your book
-f<k!uqeig<gt<!de<!Hk<kgk<kqzqVf<K!
Ogm<gh<hm<Mt<te/!
30 Through )Dmig* The car went through a narrow street giv<!yV!GXgqb!okVuqe<!Dmig!ose<xK!
**(at-Gxqhqm<m!-ml?<!in-ohvqb!-mk<Kg<Gt<!-Vh<hK!Ex. The school is at Woraiyur in Trichy)!
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10. 10
Exercises:
Ogicm<m!-mr<gtqz<!svqbie!Preposition–J!wMk<K!fqvh<h!Ou{<Ml<!
Choose the appropriate preposition to complete the sentence:
1. Students should try to get up …… 6 o’ clock a) after b) before c) in
2. ….. an hour you must study your lessons. a) in b) of c) for
3. Your school starts ….. 8 o’ clock. a) in b) on c) at
4. You should reach your school ….. time and not ….time a) in, on b) on, in c) at, in
5. It will be appreciated if you are attentive….. the classes get over. a) in b) after c) till
6. It will be appreciated if you are attentive….. the classes get over. a) until b) before c) after
7. You can always clarify your doubts ….. the class hours. a) in b) during c) on
8. You can also clarify your doubts …. the class hours. a) after b) above c) behind
9. ….. you get back home you have to wash your face. a) before b) as soon as c) by
10. As you have been working …. morning you should relax for some time. a) before b) after c) since
11. A.P.J.Abdul Kalam was born ….. 15th
October 1931 … …. the island town Rameshwaram …. India
a) at, in, on b) in, at, on c) on, at, in d) in, on, at
12. He always got up early …. the morning. a) on b) before c) in
13. Sometimes he got up ….. 4 a.m and 5 a.m. a) before b) between c) among
14. You should get up …. Sunrise. a) on b) under c) before
15. Abdul Kalam conducted nuclear test …Pokhran …Rajestan. a) in, at b) on, at c) at, in
16. Sharad has been living …. New York …. 1990. a) in, since b) at, before c) on, after
17. ….. 1990 he was studying in the Punjab University. a) since b) before c) under
18. He lives …. an apartment with his wife and children a) on b) above c) in
19. His apartment is … the third floor. a) on b) below c) at
20. He does not work … a farm, but is employed … a business firm. a) at, at b) on, on c) to, to
21. His business firm is located …. a short distance from his house a) at b) for c) to
22. Sharad’s friends also stay …. the same building. a) in b) under c) on
23. Suriya stays …. Sharad’s apartment. a) in b) on c) above
24. Vikram’s apartment is …. Sharad’s apartment. a) over b) below c) on
25. Sharad misses his parents who live … Chandigarh … India a) at, in b) in, at c) by, in
26. He visits his parents … the season of spring. a) among b) during c) since
27. He has no plans to return to India ….he retires … service. a) when, on b) till, of c) until, from
28. Meet me …..your meals. a) after b) on c) in
29. The boy always stands ……his mother. a) above b) under c) behind
30. This table is made …. our carpenter. a) of b) by c) before
Answers:
1. before
2. for
3. at
4. in, on
5. till
6. until
7. during
8. after
9. as soon as
10. since
11. on, at, in
12. in
13. between
14. before
15. at, in
16. in, since
17. before
18. in
19. on
20. on, on
21. at
22. in
23. above
24. below
25. at, in
26. during
27. until, from
28. after
29. behind
30. by
Making a sentence from jumbled words:
lixq!lixq!-Vg<Gl<!uiv<k<jkgjt!yV!uig<gqbl<!uVliX!lix<xq!wPKkz<!
Exercise:
1. that / remember / Always / become / can / you / thinking / by / big / big.
Always remember that you can become big by thinking big.
2. good / to / Try / inculcate / people/ with / being / habits / by / positive.
Try to inculcate good habits by being with good people.
3. goals / high / Set / fit / and / them / time-frame / in / the
Set the goals high and fit them in time-frame
4. you / that / heading / Visualize / towards / are / your goal
Visualize that you are heading towards your goal.
5. assure / of / are / you / the success / yourself / achieving
You assure yourself of achieving the success.
6. there / is / will / a there / Where / is / way / a
Where there is a will there is a way.
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11. 11
7. perform / Rain / storm / should / you / or
Rain or storm you should perform.
8. indeed / a friend / is / in need / A friend.
A friend in need is a friend indeed.
9. is / power / Knowledge
Knowledge is power.
10. should / not / a low breaker / be / a law maker
A law maker should not be a law breaker.
Spotting the Errors:
ogiMg<gh<hm<m!uig<gqbk<kqz<!dt<t!kuXgjt!kqVk<kq!wPkOu{<Ml<!
!
-f<k!hbqx<sqbqz<!1) tense 2) singular-plural 3) degrees 4) articles 5) prepositions 6) conjunction 7) If
clause 8) Phrases!Ngqb!kjzh<Hgtqz<!kuxig!uig<gqbr<gt<!ogiMk<kqVh<hiv<gt</!fil<!nkje!svqosb<b!
Ou{<Ml<!
Type Wrong Sentence )kuX*! Right Sentence )svq* Reason )giv{l<*
Tense
Many people behaves
rudely now-a-days.
Many people behave rudely
now-a-days.
Many people-plural weOu!verb -
zqVf<K s–J!fQg<gOu{<Ml<
Money make many things. Money makes many things
Money-Singular weOu!!
verb –dme< s–!Osv<g<gOu{<Ml<
Each of the cycles are
damaged.
Each of the cycles is damaged
)yu<ouiV!jsg<gqTl<!
OskLx<X!-Vg<gqxK*!
Each of the cycles - Singular
weOu!are–J!is-Ng!lix<x!
Ou{<Ml<!
Cycles is damaged. Cycles are damaged
Cycles - Plural weOu!is–J!
are-Ng!lix<x!Ou{<Ml<
The furniture were
displayed at the showroom
The furniture was displayed at
the showroom
Furniture - Singular weOu!
were–J!was-Ng!lix<xzil<!
Neither the Secretary nor
the Manager were available.
Neither the secretary nor the
manager is/was available.
osbzOvi/OlOeOvi.-K
Singular!weOu!isnz<zKwas!
I hearing a strange noise.
I hear a strange noise/ I am
hearing a strange noise
I hearing!uviK!I hear!nz<zK!
I am hearing-kie<!svq!
He is having a large
family.
He has a large family has we<hOk!svq!
Have any one seen my
purse?
Has any one seen my purse?
anyone-we<hjk!Singular-
Ngk<kie<!gVkOu{<Ml<!
I have seen the film last
week.
I saw the film last week
last week-past tense weOu!saw
we<hOk!svq!
She is sleeping for five
hours.
She has been sleeping for five
hours
For five hours –present perfect
continuous weOu!…//!
I would accept the offer if
I was you?
I would accept the offer if I
were you?
fie<!fQbig!-Vf<kiz<!!
)you.g<G!were*!!
The police has made
several arrests.
The police have made several
arrests.
The police!)Ohizq^<!-el<*-
Plural weOu!have–kie<svq!
We should helped the poor We should help the poor should.g<G!hqxG!present verb
Singular–
Plural
One of the girl sang well One of the girls sang well oh{<gtqz<!yVuv<!we<hkiz<!
Each of the cycle is
damaged Each of the cycles is damaged
jsg<gqt<gt<!yu<ouie<Xl<!
we<hkiz<
Degrees
Kala is tallest girl in the
class
Kala is the tallest girl in the
class.
…est .g<G!Le<eiz<!the !
My uncle is richest man in
the village.
My uncle is the richest man in
the village.
superlative…est .g<G!Le<eiz<!
the OhimOu{<Ml<!
Chennai is one of the
biggest city in India
Chennai is one of the biggest
cities in India
ohvqb!fgvr<gtqz<!ye<X!
weOu!cities-Plural
Nithya is taller to Nivi Nithya is taller than Nivi ..er.g<G!hqxG!than
If
Clause
If I were a bird I would
have escaped.
If I were a bird I would escape.
If clause.z< past uVl<!OhiK!
would-kie<!OhimOu{<Ml< !
If you had worked hard,
you would pass
If you had worked hard, you
would have passed
If clause.z< past perfect uVl<!
OhiK!would have-kie<!svq!
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12. 12
Articles
Ramu is a honest man. Ramu is an honest man. Vowel sound.g<G!Le<eiz<!an
A American lives near my
house.
An American lives near my
house
Vowel sound.g<G!Le<eiz<!an!
Ohim!Ou{<Ml<!
He joined an European
University.
He joined a European
University.
B.consonant sound weOu!a
European –kie<!svq
He started to USA
yesterday.
He started to the USA
yesterday.
fim<Mg<G!Le<eiz<!the
OhimOu{<Ml<!
Do you know which is
world’s tallest building?
Do you know which is the
world’s tallest building?
yOv!dzgl<!weOu!the
world–kie<!svq!
He is good athlete. He
performs well
He is a good athlete. He
performs well
nue<!yV(a)!fz<z!
uqjtbim<M!uQve<!
Prepositions
The dog fell along the
river.
The dog fell into the river. dt<Ot!.!into
I prefer coffee than tea. I prefer coffee to tea. gih<hqg<G!C!.!to
He told to me a story. He told me a story. to -Okjubx<xK!
He is suffering with
typhoid
He is suffering from typhoid jmhib<M!&zlig!(from)
I place great confidence on
you
I place great confidence in you
de<eqz<!fl<hqg<jg!
jug<gqOxe<!in you-kie<!svq!
I believe on God I believe in God in God-kie<!svq!
Conjuctions
Though he is rich but he is
unhappy.
Though he is rich, he is
unhappy / He is rich, but he is
unhappy.
Though, but -v{<Ml<!uvg<!
%miK!ye<Xkie<!uvOu{<Ml<!
Looking through the
window and he saw the
stranger.
Looking through the window,
he saw the stranger
Looing through the window-
phrase nkx<<G!hqxG!lQ{<Ml<!
and!Okjubqz<jz!
Phrases
We did not reject the
proposal, nor we accepted it
We neither rejected the
proposal; nor did we accept it.
Neither…nor…-K!yV!phrase
-r<G!-KOu!Ljx!
Instead of the rain the
match continued
In spite of the rain the match
continued
ljp!ohb<k!OhiKl<!.!In spite
of .kie<!svq!
Tips for slow learners:
1. …est –z<!LcBl<!uiv<k<jkgTg<G!Le<eiz<!the!Osv<k<K!wPKg/
2. is uf<kiz<!are weUl< are!uf<kiz< is!weUl<!lix<Xg
3. was uf<kiz<!were weUl< were!uf<kiz< was!weUl<!lix<Xg
4. a uf<kiz<!an weUl< an!uf<kiz< a!weUl<!lix<Xg
5. verb, noun - s z<!Lcf<kqVf<kiz<!njk!fQg<Gg/!s -z<jzobe<xiz<!Osv<k<KuqMg/
6. ‘than’ uf<kiz<!njk!wMk<K!uqm<M!to OhimUl</
7. ‘one of the nz<zK one of these nz<zK each of the uf<kiz<!nkx<Gh<!hqe<eiz<!dt<t!
uiv<k<jkBme<!s Osv<k<K!plural-Ng!wPKg/!
8. ‘one of the nz<zK one of these nz<zK each of the uf<K!nkx<Gh<!hqe<eiz<!dt<t!
uiv<k<jkBme<!s Osv<f<K!uf<K!nkx<Gh<hqxG!are-uf<kiz<!is-weUl<?!were-uf<kiz<!was-
weUl<!lix<xq!wPKg/
Exercise: Identify and correct the errors in the sentences:
1. I met an European.
2. Geetha’s father is a M.L.A
3. They are going to Himalayas.
4. Ragu prefers milk than tea.
5. A bunch of keys were found in my car.
6. One of the boy looks happy.
7. We bought office furnitures.
8. My father is a honest man.
9. Mathematics are my favourite subject.
10. Ramu wanted an one rupee coin.
Answers:
1. I met a European (ju:-B!we<X!olb<obizqbqz<!okimr<Gukiz<*
2. Geetha’s father is an M.L.A. )wl<!we<hK!dbqovizq*
3. They are going to the Himalayas. )sqxh<Hh<!ohbVg<G!Le<eiz< the)
4. Ragu prefers milk to tea. )hiZg<G!C!weOu!to!*
5. A bunch of keys was found in my car.!)suqg<ogik<K!yVjl*
6. One of the boys looks happy. )jhbe<gtqz<!yVue<*
7. We bought office furniture. (furniture-g<G!he<jlBl<!nKOu*
8. My father is an honest man. )Ne^<m<!.!dbqovizq!okimg<gl<*
9. Mathematics is my favourite subject. (mathematics – yVjl*
10. Ramu wanted a one rupee coin. )ue<.!olb<obizq!okimg<gl<*
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13. 13
Punctuation:
ohvqb!wPk<K?!Lx<Xh<Ht<tq?!gix<Ht<tq?!njvh<Ht<tq?!Ogt<uqg<Gxq?!Ns<svqbg<Gxq!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!.-ux<jx!Okjubie!-mr<gtqz<!-MuOk!-h<hbqx<sq/!
1 Start with capital letter ( A, B, C, D ……Z) Lkz<!wPk<jk!capital!wPk<kig<G/
2 Names – start with capital letter.
ohbv<gTg<G!Lkz<!wPk<jk!Ogh<hqmzig<G
3 i keqbig!uf<kiz<!Ogh<hqmzig<G(I) im uf<kiz<!I’m we!lix<X/!
4 Comma ( , ) for list of things. nkqg!w{<{qg<jgbqz<!ohiVm<gt<!uf<kiz<!gli!?!OhiM/
5 d{i<s<sqgjtk<!okiquqg<Gl<!uig<gqbr<gt<?!uiv<k<jkgtqe<!-Xkqbqz<!uqbh<Hg<Gxq!)"*!-Mg!
O! Ah! Oh! Hurrah!Alas! What an idea!
6 Direct speech!uVl<OhiK?!gQp<gi[l<!ujgbqz<!njlBl<!!
!!!!!!He Said, “ …………………..” Ram asked, “ ………………..”
Ram exclaimed, “ ……………” Ram regretted, “ …………….”
%xh<hMl<!osb<kqbieK!“…………//”.z<!njlBl</
7 Apostrophe (’)Olx<Gxq!
uqMhm<m!wPk<Kg<gjtg<!gim<mUl<!w{<gt<?!wPk<Kg<gtqe<!he<jl!gim<mUl<!Noun.e<!
djmjljb!Gxqg<gUl<!Olx<Gxq!hbe<hMgqxK/!
)w/gi*; i) Add two 3’s and five 4’s ii) Anitha’s bicycle. iii) Don’t, iv) Doesn’t
8 Statement sentence )osb<kq!uig<gqbr<gt<*?!Imperative sentence )gm<mjt!uig<gqbr<gt<*!
Ngqbux<xqe<!-Xkqbqz<!)/*!Lx<Xh<Ht<tq!-Mg/!!
)w/gi*!i) Vivek writes well. ii) Shut the door.
9 Ogt<uq!uig<gqbr<gtqe<!-Xkqbqz<!Ogt<uqg<Gxq!@!-m!Ou{<Ml</)‘Wh’ qns/Yes or No Qns</*!
)w/gi*!i) What is your name? ii) Have you finished your work?
Exercise: Punctuate the following sentence:
1. anand said sarathy you have done a good job
2. children enjoyed watching the film didnt they
3. unless john learns driving he cannot impress his boss
4. how pleasant the weather is today
5. congratulations i heard you ve got a job in singapore
6. nagaraj said to his father will you allow me to go on an excursion to kerala
7. help i m drowning
8. the teacher said be sure to turn off the lights when you leave the room
9. gee what happened to you
10. what you told that old beggar all my private affairs cried hughie looking very red and angry
Answers:
1. Anand said Sarathy, “You have done a good job!”
2. Children enjoyed watching the film, didn’t they?
3. Unless John learns driving, he cannot impress his boss.
4. “How pleasant the weather is today!”
5. “Congratulations! I heard you’ve got a job in Singapore.”
6. Nagaraj said to his father, “Will you allow me to go on an excursion to Kerala?”
7. “Help! I’m drowning!”
8. The teacher said, “Be sure to turn off the lights when you leave the room.”
9. “Gee! What happened to you?”
10. “What! You told that old beggar all my private affairs?” cried Hughie looking very red and angry.
Translation:
Long ago, there lived in a forest a pride of lions with several cubs. One of the cubs was always curious
to know about things. One day he saw a butterfly and started chasing it. The little cub ran and ran but was
unable to catch the butterfly. By then he had become too tired to run. He also realized that he had lost his way.
Before he knew anything, he had fallen asleep.
Le<oeiV!gizk<kqz<!gim<cz<!yV!sqr<gg<%m<ml<!sqr<gg<!Gm<cgOtiM!uip<f<K!uf<kK/!
sqr<gg<Gm<cgtqz<!ye<X!uqsbr<gjt!nxqukqz<!Nv<ulig!-Vf<kK/!yVfit<!nK!yV!
u{<{k<Kh<H,s<sqjbh<!hiv<k<K!Kvk<kk<okimr<gqbK/!nf<k!sqxqb!sqr<gg<Gm<c!fQ{<m!Ofvl<!YcBl<!nf<k!
u{<{k<Kh<H,s<sqjbh<!hqcg<g!Lcbuqz<jz/!nh<OhiK!nK!okimv<f<K!Ym!Lcbik!ntUg<G!
Osiv<ujmf<kqVf<kK/!kie<!upq!kuxqh<OhibqVf<kjkBl<!nh<OhiKkie<!nK!d{vf<kK/!nK!wjkBl<!
nxqukx<G!Le<!Np<f<k!dxg<gk<kqz<!uQp<f<kK/!!
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14. 14
Writing Dialogue for a situation:
(ogiMg<gh<hm<m!S,p<fqjzg<G!djvbimz<!wPKkz<*;
!
!uqeiuqz<!bii<!bii<!OhSl<hc!djvbimz<!wPks<!osiz<zq!-Vg<gqxiv<gt<!
we<X!g{<Mhqck<K!djvbimjz!wPkk<!okimr<G/!
!
!Lkzqz< May I come in?!!Yes, come in. we<x!uig<gqbr<gtqz<!djvbimjzk<!
okimr<g!Lcgqxki!we<X!hiv<k<K!okimr<gUl</!
!!!
!Lkzqz<!OhShuVg<G!Ofvig!Good morning weUl<!nMk<K!hkqz<!
osiz<huVg<G!Ofvig!Good morning weUl<!okimr<gUl</!!
!
What – we<e@!!!!When –wh<ohiPK@ Whom –biVg<G@!
Who –!biv<@ Whose –biVjmb@ How much –!wu<utU@!!!
Why – We<@!! What for –!wkx<gig@ How many –!wk<kje@
Where – wr<Og@!! How – wh<hc@ How long –!wu<utU!
gizl</K~vl<@
!
!djvbimjz!Lcg<Gl<OhiK!Lkzqz<!OhShuVg<G!Ofvig!Thank you
weUl<!gjmsqbig!hkqz<!osiz<huVg<G!Ofvig Welcome weUl<!Lcg<gUl</
Frame a dialogue for the following situation.
Your younger sister/brother has not done well in her/his examination. She/he is upset over her/his poor
performance. Cheer her/him up with words of encouragement.
Ramya (I) : Hello Anandhi! What happened to you? Are you unwell?
Anandhi : No, I am quite all right.
Ramya : Why do you look so depressed?
Anandhi : Oh! I haven’t done well in this exam. The maths paper was tough.
Ramya : Are you afraid that you will fail in maths?
Anandhi : No, I will not fail. I can score only 70 marks. I can’t get centum.
Ramya : Don’t worry. I heard that the paper was tough. No one can score centum.
Anandhi : Yes. It’s true. But I did some silly mistakes.
Ramya : Don’t upset. It is quite natural.
Anandhi : I practiced the sums. But I made blunder mistakes. That’s why I upset.
Ramya : Practice hard many more times those sums. You will get centum in next exam.
Anandhi : Yes, Ramya. I should not lose my heart. I will definitely get centum in next exam.
Expressing ideas about picture:
(hml<!hiv<k<K!deK!gVk<Kgjt!hkqU!osb<g*!
!
Look at the picture given below. Express your views on it in about five sentences.
Answer:
• This is the picture of the Indian Cricket
team.
• The Indian team won the ICC world cup
20-20 Championship by beating Pakistan
in the final.
• It was happened in the year 2007.
• The team members were very happy.
• They show the victory symbol to the
viewers.
• They are shouting happily to show their
happiness.
• They are giving triumphant posing to the
viewers.
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