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2. HEART
The heart is a chambered muscular organ that
supplies blood and oxygen to all parts of the body.
It is about the size of a one's own fist, weighs
about 10.5 ounces and is shaped like a cone.
It is located in the chest cavity just posterior to
the breast bone , between the lings and superior to
the diaphragm.

4. The pericardium is the double walled membrane
that surrounds the heart and the proximal ends
of the aorta, vena cava and pulmonary artery.
FUNCTION:
Prevents the overfilling of heart with blood.
Limits the motion of the heart .
Protects and anchors the heart.
Allows the heart to work in a friction free
environment.
PERICARDIUM

5. BLOOD VESSELS
Blood vessels are part of the circulatory system
and intricate networks of hallow tubes that
carries the blood to all parts of the body.
There are three major types of blood vessels.
They are:
Arteries
Veins
Capillaries

6. WALLS OF THE HEART
EPICARDUIM: It is the outer layer of the wall
of the heart, composed of connective tissue
covered by epithelium. Its is also known as
Visceral Pericardium.
MYOCARDIUM: It is the muscular middle layer of
the heart, composed of cardiac muscle fibers that
allows the heart to contract.
ENDOCARDIUM: It is the inner layer of the
heart consisting of epithelial tissue and
connective tissue.

7. CHAMBERS OF THE
HEART
Heart is divided into four chambers that are
connected by valves.
The upper two chambers are called
LEFT ATRIUM
RIGHT ATRIUM
The lower two chambers are called
LEFT VENTRICLE
RIGHT VENTRICLE

8. FUNCTIONS OF FOUR
CHAMBERS
RIGHT ATRIUM: Receives the blood coming to
the heart from the superior and inferior vena cava.
LEFT ATRIUM: Receives the blood coming to the
heart from pulmonary veins.
RIGHT VENTRICLE: Receives the blood from the
right atrium and pumps it to the pulmonary artery.
LEFT VENTRICLE: Receives the blood from the
left atrium and pumps into the aorta.

9. VALVES OF THE
HEART
Heart consists of flap-like structures that
allow blood to flow in one direction, these
structures are called valves.
There are two types f valves:
1. Atrioventricular valves
2. Semilunar valves

11. 1. ATRIOVENTRICULAR
VALVES
There are two types of Atrioventricular valves:
MITRAL VALVE:
It is located between left atrium and left
ventricle.
It pumps the blood from the left atrium to left
ventricle.
TRICUSPID VALVE:
It is located between right atrium and right
ventricle.
It pumps the blood from right atrium to right
ventricle.

12. 2. SEMILUNAR VALVES
There are two types of Semilunar valves:
AORTIC VALVE:
It is located between left ventricle and left Aorta.
It pumps the blood from the left ventricle to Aorta.
PULMONARY VALVE:
It is located between right ventricle and
pulmonary artery.
It pumps the blood from right ventricle to
pulmonary artery.

13. CARDIAC CYCLE
CARDIAC CYCLE is the sequence of
events that occur during the heart beat.
There are two phases involved in the cardiac
cycle:
DIASTOLE: Ventricles are relaxed
SYSTOLE: Ventricles contract

14. VARIOUS CARDIAC
DISORDERS
Heart failure
Heart stroke
Atrial fibrillation
sick sinus syndrome
Ventricular tachycardia
Congenital heart disease
Valvular heart disease
Carditis
Peripheral artery disease

15. THANK
YOU